Highlights of ISS and nufact 1. ISS 2. achieved goals 2.1 investigation of neutrino detectors
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Transcript of Highlights of ISS and nufact 1. ISS 2. achieved goals 2.1 investigation of neutrino detectors
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Highlights of ISS and nufact
1. ISS 2. achieved goals2.1 investigation of neutrino detectorsset of baselines2.2 study of accelerator-- Neutrino factory-- betabeam-- superbeam2.3 performance studies -- new elements -- iron calorimenter performance improvement2.4 matter effects2.5 low energy cross-sections3. conclusion: towards FP7 design studies
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Detectors (NEW!)
1. Water Cherenkov (1000kton)
2. Magnetized sampling detector (100kton)
3. Liquid Argon TPC (100 kton)magnetized Liquid Argon TPC (15kton)
4. Hybrid Emulsion (4 kton)
Near detectors (and instrumentation)
( SB,BB NF )
Physics
compare performance of various options on equal footing of parameters and conventionsand agreed standards of resolutions, simulation etc.
identify tools needed to do so (e.g. Globes upgraded)
propose « best values » of baselines, beam energies etc..
Accelerator: -- proton driver (energy, time structure and consequences)-- target and capture (chose target and capture system) -- phase rotation and cooling -- acceleration and storage
evaluate economic interplays and risksinclude a measure of costing and safety assessment
Yorikiyo Nagashima
Alain Blondel
Michael Zisman coordinationPeter Dornan+ ‘wise men’Ken PeachVittorio Palladino(BENE)Steve GeerYoshitaka Kuno
The ISS:
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Collaborators of the scoping study:
-- ECFA/BENE working groups (incl. CERN) (funded by CARE)-- Japanese Neutrino Factory Collaboration-- US Neutrino Factory and Muon collider Collaboration-- UK Neutrino Factory Collaboration (also part of BENE)-- others (e.g. India INO collaboration, Canada, China, Corea ...)
objectives: Evaluate the physics case for a second-generation super-beam, a beta-beam facility andthe Neutrino Factory and to present a critical comparison of their performance;
Evaluate the various options for the accelerator complex with a view to defining a baselineset of parameters for the sub-systems that can be taken forward in a subsequentconceptual-design phase;
Evaluate the options for the neutrino detection systems with a view to defining a baselineset of detection systems to be taken forward in a subsequent conceptual-design phase.
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Water Cerenkov DetectorsKenji Kaneyuki, Jean-Eric Campagne
Magnetic Sampling DetectorsJeff Nelson --> Anselmo Cerverahttp://dpnc.unige.ch/users/blondel/detectors/magneticdetector/SMD-web.htm
TASD Malcolm EllisLarge Magnet Alan Bross
Liquid Argon TPC http://www.hep.yorku.ca/menary/ISS/
Scott Menary, Andreas Badertscher, Claudio Montanari, Guiseppe Battistoni (FLARE/GLACIER/ICARUS’)
Emulsion Detectors http://people.na.infn.it/~pmiglioz/ISS-ECC-G/ISSMainPage.html
Pasquale Migliozzi
Near Detectors http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/~psoler/ISS/ISS_Near_Detector.html
Paul Soler
Working groups
Detector Technology associated with detector typededicated detector technology session at ISS2 in KEK Jan06.
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
ISS detector mailing list (78)
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Executive summary: I. baseline detectors
beam Far detector R&D needed
sub-GeVBB and SB (MEMPHYS, T2K)
Megaton WC photosensors!cavern and infrastructure
1-2 GeV BB and SB(off axis NUMI, high E BB, WBB)
no established baselineTASD (NOvA-like)or Liquid Argon TPCor Megaton WC
photosensors and detectorslong drifts, long wires, LEMs
Neutrino Factory (20-50 GeV, 2500-7000km)
~100kton magnetized iron calorimeter (golden)
+ ~10 kton non-magnetic ECC (silver)
straightforward from MINOSsimulation+physics studiesibid vs OPERA
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Executive summaryII. beyond the baseline, (but should be studied)
beam Far detector R&D neededsub-GeV BB and SB (MEMPHYS, T2K)
Liquid Argon TPC(100kton)
clarify what is the advantage wrt WC?
1-2 GeV BB and SB(off axis NUMI, high BB)
no established baseline
Neutrino Factory (20-50 GeV, 2500-7000km)
platinum detectors! large coil around TASD/Larg/ECC
engineering studyfor magnet!simulations and physics evaluation;photosensors, long drift, etc…
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Executive summary: III: near detector, beam instrumentation
beam BI, ND R&D needed
sub-GeV BB and SB (MEMPHYS, T2K)
T2K example…. CONCEPT for precision measurements?
concept simulationstheory
1-2 GeV BB and SB(off axis NUMI, high g BB)
NOvA example.. CONCEPT for precision measurements?
ibid
Neutrino Factory (20-50 GeV, 2500-7000km)
beam intensity (BCT)beam energy +polarizationbeam divergence meastshieldingleptonic detectorhadronic detector
need study--need studyneed conceptsimul+studysimul+study+Vtx det R&D
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Magnetized Iron calorimeter (baseline detector, Cervera, Nelson)
Baseline
3500 Km
732 Km 108
4 x 106
2 x 108
7.5 x 106
3.4 x 105
3 x 105
CC e CC signal (sin2 13=0.01)
Event rates for 1020 muon decays (<~1 year)
(J-PARC I SK = 40)
B = 1 T = 15 m, L = 25 mt(iron) =4cm, t(sc)=1-2cm Fiducial mass = 100 kTCharge discrimination down to 1 GeV200M$
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
New analysis (Cervera) OLD: P> 5 GeV
NEW: L > Lhad + 75cm
(shown for three different purity levels down to << 10-4 )
old analysis
new analysis
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay Location of INOLocation of INO
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
INO Detector ConceptINO Detector Concept
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Upgrade of the proton accelerator complex at CERNProtons Accelerators for the Future (PAF) WG
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)Present chain:
weak link in Linac 2and in the PS
(old!)
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Priority is given to LHC but efforts should be made to incorporate the demands of the High intensity neutrino programme the cheapest way to LHC luminosity consolidation is to -- implement the LINAC 4 and replace the CERN PS
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)
Step I: replace linac 2 by Linac 4
increase injection rate no major improvement
for neutrinos~2011
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)
Step II:
new PS2 (5-50 GeV)PS remains in operationfor injectionat 5 GeV in PS2
possible increase of SPS intensity --> CNGS
~2015
Priority is given to LHC and efforts should be made to incorporate the demands of the High intensity neutrino programmethe cheapest way to LHC luminosity consolidation is to -- implement the LINAC 4 and replace the CERN PS
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)
PSB SPL’RCPSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Out
put
ener
gy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV
26 GeV40 – 60 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)
SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)
RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
PS2 (PS2+)
Step III:
New SPL (or RCS) to ~5 GeV
inject directly in PS2Multi-MW oportunity
@~5 GeVno date yet (i.e. a few more years)
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
e physics at CNGS+?
Basic issues to solve:
1. no near detector --> no knowledge of absolute cross sections(at osc. max there are no to normalize…) difficult to measure absolute rates of e and to compare vs or different energies for CP or matter effect
2. modifications of CNGS beam line are necessary. possible? perhaps easier to build new dk tunnel -- with adequate length and near detector. then why keep the same direction?
3. can SPS and targets really handle 4x more protons?
4. 100 kton Larg or 1Mton water are large investments -- may be they deserve better!
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
LINAC4--> PS2: an opportunity for MultiMW physics
Eventually the PS should be phased out completely: need for a machine that bridges 1.4 (booster) to 5 GeV, or better 0.16 Linac4 to 5 GeV (PS2)
Superconducting Proton Liac or Rapid Cycling Synchrotronboth fast cycling (O(10-50 Hz). potentially a high power machine serving -- LHC -- neutrinos -- nuclear physics (Eurisol)
for neutrino physics:conventional p decay superbeam proton driver for neutrino factory
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
300 MeV Neutrinos
small contamination from e (no K at 2 GeV!)
A large underground water Cherenkov (400 kton) UNO/HyperKor/and a large L.Arg detector. also : proton decay search, supernovae events solar and atmospheric neutrinos. Performance similar to J-PARC IIThere is a window of opportunity for digging the cavern starting in 2009 (safety tunnel in Frejus)
CERN-SPL-based Neutrino SUPERBEAM
Fréjus underground lab.
target!
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Super-beams: SPL-Frejus
TRE
CERN SPLLSM-Fréjus
Near detector
130km
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
CERN: -beam baseline scenario
PS
Decay
RingISOL target & Ion source
SPL
Cyclotrons, linac or FFAG
Decay ring
B = 5 T
Lss = 2500 m
SPSECR
Rapid cycling synchrotron
Nuclear Physics
,
Same detectors as Superbeam !
target!
Stacking!
neutrinos of Emax=~600MeV
eFNe e189
1810
eLiHe e63
62
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Eurisol baseline Study
CERN site (use PS and SPS as are) -- could benefit from PS2Max. ion in CERN SPS is 450 GeV Z/Mion
= 150 for 6He, = 250 for 18Ne ==> EeV
2.9*1018 /yr anti-e from 6He Or 1.1*1018 /yr e from 18Ne (1017 with avail. tech.)
race track (one baseline) or triangle (2 base lines) so far study CERN--> Fréjus (130km)
longer baseline ~ 2-300km would be optimal + moderate cost: ion sources, 450 GeV equiv. storage ring (O(0.5M€))+ no need for 4MW target
Emax
=2. Q0. ion
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Combination of beta beam with super beam
combines CP and T violation tests
e (+) (T) e (+)
(CP)
e (-) (T) e (-)
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
J-E. Campagne et al. hep/ph0603172
combine SPL(3.5 GeV) + B==> improves sensitivity by T violation!
10 year exposure
issues:
-- 18Ne flux?-- low energy --> cross-section accuracy? (assume 2%) -- energy reconstruction OK-- near detector concept?
sensitivity sin2213 ~2-5 10-4
3 sensitivity to sin2213
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Better beta beams:
main weakness of He/He beta-beam is low energy (450 GeV proton equiv. storage ring produces 600 MeV neutrinos)
Solution 1: Higher (Hernandez et al) Use SPS+ (1 TeV) or tevatron ==> reach expensive!
Solution 2: use higher Q isotopes (C.Rubbia)
8B --> 8Be e+ e
or 8Li --> 8Be e-
anti- e
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
A possible solution to the ion production shortage:
Direct production in a small storage ring, filled [Gas + RF cavity] for ionization cooling
For 8B or 8Li production, strip-inject 6Li / 7Li beam, collide with gas jet (D2 or 3He)
reaction products are ejected and collected
goal: >~ 1021 ions per year
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Advantages of 8B5+ (e Q=18MeV ) or 8Li3+ (anti-e Q=16MeV)vs 18Ne, 6He (Q~=3 MeV)
The storage ring rigidity is considerably lower for a given E
==> for ~1 GeV end point beam for 8B5+ : 45 GeV proton equiv. storage ringfor 8Li3+: 75 GeV proton equiv. storage ring
Two ways to see it: 1. Beta-beams to Fréjus (Emax =600 MeV) could be accelerated with PS2 into a 50 GeV proton-equivalent storage ring (save €)2. Beta beams of both polarities up to end-point energy of ~6 GeV can be produced with the CERN SPS (up to 2000km baseline)
A new flurry of opportunities
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
EC: A monochromatic neutrino beam
Decay T1/2 BR EC/ ECI B(GT) EGR GR QEC E E
148Dy 148Tb* 3.1 m 1 0.96 0.96 0.46 620 2682 2062
150Dy 150Tb* 7.2 m 0.64 1 1 0.32 397 1794 1397
152Tm2- 152ET* 8.0 s 1 0.45 0.50 0.48 4300 520 8700 4400 520
150Ho2- 150Dy* 72 s 1 0.77 0.56 0.25 4400 400 7400 3000 400
Electron Capture: N+e- N’+e
rates are low but very useful for cross-section measurementsBurget et al
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay SPSC 2004 Villars Alain Blondel, 24/09/04
-- Neutrino Factory --CERN layout
e+ e _
interacts
giving
oscillates e interacts giving
WRONG SIGN MUON
1016p/s
1.2 1014 s =1.2 1021 yr
3 1020 eyr3 1020 yr
0.9 1021 yr
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay NUFACT05 – highlights Alain Blondel CERN seminar 13/9/2005
NB: This works just as well
INO ~7000 km (Magic distance)
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
NON MAGNETIC
MAGNETIC
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay Alain Blondel
NUFACT Accelerator baseline
40Beam durationb) (s)
2 ± 1Bunch length, rms (ns)
3,5a)No. of bunch trains
50Repetition rate (Hz)
4Beam power (MW)
10 ± 5Energy (GeV)
Valueproton driver parameter
a)Values ranging f rom 1–5 possibly acceptable.b)Maximum spill duration for liquid-metal target.
1021/ yr0.1/
decays per straightangular divergence
100ns trains of both signs of muons separated by
20GeV40GeV
stored muon energy upgradable to
yescooling
phase rotation and bunching
L Hg+ 20T solenoid
Target+capture
ValueNuFact Parameter
RF
Goals achieved!
NEUTRINO FACTORY -- paradoxically quite mature option. ISS (International Scoping Study) revisited accelerator and detector options in 2005-2006.
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Overall comparisons from ISS (nearly final plots)
sign m2
CP phase
NuFACT does it all…(+ univ. test etc…)but when can it do it and at what cost?
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
SYSTEMATICS - related topics
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
[2700-3600 ] [1800-2700 ]
NB: 3sigma = 60 means that +-1 sigma = +-3.50
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
for NUFACT:
work on systematic errors on matter effect
A preliminary study was made by
E. Kozlovskaya, J. Peltoniemi, J. Sarkamo,
The density distribution in the Earth along the CERN-Pyhäsalmi baseline and its effect on neutrino oscillations. CUPP-07/2003
the uncertainties on matter effects are at the level of a few%
J. Peltoniemi
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Errors in density
1.5%1.8%Oceanic 9000 km
1.7%2.0%Continental 9000 km
1.7%2.6%Oceanic 2500 km
2.9%4.7%Continental 2500 km
“best”“a priori”location length
Errors are ~2 sigma(errors not really Gaussian)
Recommendations
Avoid:
• Alps
• central Europe
• thick crust (e.g. Fenoscandia)
• Europe to Japan
Recommendations
Best profiles:
• Western Europe to Eastern US
• Atlantic Islands (Canaries, Maderia, Azores) to Portugal, western Spain, NW France, southern Ireland, western England
Such a study, in collaboration with geophysicistswill be needed for candidate LBL sites
ISS-3 at RAL Warner
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
near detector constraints for CP violation
= ACP sin2 solar term…
sinsin (m212 L/4E) sin sin P(e) - P(e)
P(e) + P(e)
Near detector gives e diff. cross-section*detection-eff *flux and ibid for bkg
BUT: need to know and diff. cross-section* detection-eff
with small (relative) systematic errors.
knowledge of cross-sections (relative to each-other) required knowledge of flux!
interchange role of e and for superbeam
ex. beta-beam or nufact:
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Bsig
need to know this:
sig
e
sig
sig
e
sig
/
/
experimental signal= signal cross-section X efficiency of selection + Background
and of course the fluxes… but the product flux*sig is measured in the near detector
this is not a totally trivial quantity as there is somethig particular in each of these cross-sections:
for instance the effects of muon mass as well as nuclear effects are different for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos
while e.g. pion threshold is different for muon and electron neutrinos
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
3.5 GeV SPL
beam
-- low proton energy: no Kaons e background is low--region below pion threshold (low bkg from pions)
but:low event rate and uncertainties on cross-sections
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Uncertainties in the double ratio (Sobczyk at RAL meeting)
1. problem comes from compound of Fermi motion and binding energy with the muon mass effect.
)(
)(,
)(
)(
ee
RR
the double ratio calculation is very insensitive to variations of parameters … but
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
)(
)()(
)(
e
eDR
at 250 MeV (first maximum in Frejus expt) prediction varies from 0.88 to 0.94according to nuclear model used. (= +- 0.03?)
Hope to improve results with e.g. monochromatic k-capture beam
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay Alain Blondel
EP2010:
« pursue an internationally coordinated, staged program in neutrino physics »
CERN-SG: Studies of the scientific case for future neutrino facilities and the R&D into associated technologies are required tobe in a position to define the optimal neutrino programme
based on the information available in around 2012;Council will play an active role in promoting a coordinated Europeanparticipation in a global neutrino programme.
Towards a high-intensity neutrino programme
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Conclusions
CERN priority to LHC makes it unlikely to raise a new neutrino programme until at least 2016. However opportunities are open by the upgrades of the LHC acclerator complex
-- upgrade of CNGS … tempting and politically attractive. but is it feasible? worth it given the time scales?
-- SPL would offer a powerful low energy beam-- beta-beam offers extremely clean e beam new ideas to improve flux/energy/cost…. -- baseline detector for sub-GeV neutrinos is WaterCherenkov-- in few GeV range, Larg, TASD etc… competitive -- near detector and monitoring systems should not be forgotten
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
-- neutrino factory still the ultimate contender, especially if 13
is very small. Requires magnetic detectors
-- design studies of Superbeam/betabeams/ NuFact and of the associated detector systems will be necessary for a choicearound 2010/2012; organization ongoing.
Conclusions (ctd)
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay Alain Blondel
2010 will be a time of major decisions in particle physics
•LHC will be completed first results will appear
•I LC GDE
•I t is crucial that infrastructure needed for future neutrino expts be on the map
=> although 2012 is the eventual target date we should be sure to have interim reportsby 2010.
TARGET DATE I 2010
Barry Barish, CERN SPC sept05
ILC
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Regional Oversight Committees
Nufact study
Accelerator
Detectors
Physics
Betabeam study
Accelerator
Detectors
Physics
Superbeam study(or studies)
Accelerator
Detectors
Physics
Neutrino Oscillation Physics Working Group
-- exact structure of each study to be decided by proponents
-- Regional Oversight Committees will possibly converge to a single international committee for a future precision neutrino facility
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay Alain Blondel
I SS- - > I DS aspirational time line:
ISS report: end of 2006will include a description of the R&D and ressources necessary to produce I nterimDesignReport in 2010 and CDR in 2012
Next « ISS » meeting second half of february 2007 19- 21 feb @ CERN
2006- 2007 preparation of funding proposals
Review of where we stand at NUFACT07
mid- 2008 (NUFACT08) funded engineering phase begins
2010 IDS interim report
2012 CDR
Meanwhile a European Oversight Committee should be put in place to coordinateneutrino- beam requests.
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
FP7 design studies under ESGARD
Design studies : ~2M€ each mostly calculation or engineering work (personnel)3 years?
SLHCNUFACT+SuperBeam SC-SPS -beam
call: february 2007 --> application likely in sept. 1st 2007
funding mid 2008?
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Integrated Activities - IA ~10 M€, (also called Integrated Infrastructure Initiatives - I3)Joint Research Activities , Network Activities, Trans-national access
HE-HIProtons
SC RF New acceleration techniques
M-MW p driver
Target & Collection
M.MW p driver& muon RLA (200-800 MHz)power sources
(CLIC)(sLHC,DLHC) (ILC)
Muon cooling
FFAG
Call expected not earlier than April 07
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
to this, a design study of magnetic detectors (neutrino factory) should be added.
100kton magnetized iron detectormagnetized Liquid Argon, Fine grain scintillator or Emulsion detector
+ near detector and instrumentation
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
7.Test Beam Facility for Neutrino 7.Test Beam Facility for Neutrino Detector R&DDetector R&D Request test beam in East Area at the CERN PS, with a fixed dipole magnet for dedicated Neutrino Detector R&D
Liquid Argon tests, beam telescopes for
silicon pixel and SciFi tests, calorimetry …
Neutrino detector test facility: community resource forneutrino detector R&D
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
8. Total Neutrino Detector R&D 8. Total Neutrino Detector R&D ProgrammeProgramme
Estimated total funds needed to take forward R&D plans
Some fraction of these funds(~30-50%) to be requested from EU
Water Cherenkov R&D in different bid
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Agenda
20 septembre BENE steering group25 octobre OPEN BENE steering group at CERN 30 October at CERN meeting of the CARE task force to define JRAs 14 november BENE0615-17 november CARE06
February 26-28 ISS-IDS meeting @ CERN
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
Intensity increase to CNGS?
can one launch an off axis programme similar to T2K and NUMI-off-axis?
-- present neutrino beam optimized for High energy (tau appearance) ==> factor >~10 less flux at off axis energy than T2K-- no near detector!
A.Rubbia et al, A. Ball et al, have proposed a low energy version of CNGS with different target and more compact optics,run off axis (E
~800 MeV for C2GT, 1.5-2 GeV GeV for Larg
A. Ball et al(C2GT) CERN-PH-EP-2006-002A. Rubbia, P. Sala JHEP 0209 (2002) 004[arXiv:hep-ph/0207084].A. Meregaglia and A. Rubbia hep-ph/0609106
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
target and horn
1.5 Mton of water in the Golf of Taranto for 25 1019 pot = 5yrs
C2GT off axis2d maximum
detectormodule
--> sensitivity (90%) to sin213= 0.0076
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
hep-ph/0609106 Imagine: 100 kton Larg detectorat 0.750 off-axis 850 km (1st max) --> search
or 1.50 off-axis 1050 km 2d maxCP violation and matter effect
or sharing 1st and 2d maximum
assume all of 50 GeV 200 kW PS2 accelerated to 400 GeV==> CNGS+ = 30 1019 pot/year
<-- sensitivity sin 2213 ~ 10-3
(2026)
5years 5 years
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
thanks to and running, sensitivity to and matter effects
example (90%)for‘known hierarchy’(assume that hierarchy is given by comparison with another expt)
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
SPL (2.2 GeV) superbeam 20m decay tunnelsingle open horn, L Hg target
Low energy --> low Kaon ratebetter controlled e
contamination
A. Blondel GDR neutrino 4 0ctobre 2006 Orsay
2 years run to 440 ktonFrejusEMeVsmall cross-sectionslimited sensitivity( sin 2213 ~ 210-3)
near detector design?
Main technical issues-- 50 Hz horn operation-- handling of 4 MW in target and environment.