High turbidity and heavy metal removal during river bank filtration along the Cauca River

1Challenge the future

Heavy metal removal from highly turbid river water with bank filtrationJuan Pablo Gutiérrez MarínDoris van HalemLouis Cornelis Rietveld


Outline

•Background•Field survey in Colombia:

Objectives - Turbidity FormationMethodologyResults

•Laboratory experiments in Delft:Adsorption ExperimentsRiver bank filtration simulation


Background (Cauca River basin)Soil Loss


Mining

10Challenge the futureDagua River, Valle, Colombia


WTPPto. Mallarino

Río Cauca75%

WTP Rio Cali20%

WTP La Reforma

4%

PTAP La Riverita

1%

Case: Cali city, Colombia


Case: Cali city, Colombia


Discharge point fromSouth Canal

Location of futureWwTP

Inlet forWater Supply

Cañaveralejo WwTP

Juanchitostation

Expansion zone

Melendez River

South Canal CVC

Lili River

C A L IC A L I

Cauca River

Summer: 14 Ton/d BOD Winter: 125 ton/d BOD

Monitoring 2006/ Monitoring 200523 Ton/d BOD Cauca

DepartmentMonitoring 2006

Navarro Leachate

Cauca River


Turbidity in drinking water intake, Cauca River, Colombia (2007 – 2009)

Cauca River, Colombia, year 2007


Parameter

Cauca River Tributaries

Decree 1594/1984Hormiguero Before South

ChannelBefore Pto

Mallarino Intake South Channel

Pb (μg/l)

Min <34,90 37,2 34,9 <34,90

<50Max 188 275 47,2 156

Aver 82,99 113,38 42,88 55,56

Hg (μg/l)

Min 2,31 1,43 0,67 1,5

<2Max 6,81 4,36 4,7 11,6

Aver 3,66 2,6 2,19 5,48

Cyanides (mg/L)

Min <0,001 <0,001 0 <0,001

<0,2Max 0,014 0,03 0,03 0,014

Aver 0,006 0,01 0,01 0,006

Cr+6 (mg/L)

Min <0,010 <0,001 <0,01 0,01

<0,05Max 0,343 0,023 <0,01 0,24

Aver 0,101 0,006 <0,01 0,08

Cu (mg/L)

Min <0,030 <0,03 <0,03 <0,03

<1,0Max 0,128 <0,03 <0,03 8,34

Aver 0,057 <0,03 <0,03 1,07

Source: EMCALI and Universidad del Valle, 2006


Source: Castilla et al., 2008

SIRENOMELIA

CYCLOPIA


Objectives – Turbidity Formation

The general goal is to determine the turbidity formations from two potential Colombian surface waters for RBF. The specific objectives are to:

•Characterize the inorganic/organic content.•Determine the size particles for erosion-borne turbidity in each source.


Methodology


Methodology

P1, middle ≤ 1m

(a)

Palo River

Cauca River

P1, 20% depth

P2, 80% depth

> 1m

(b)


Methodology


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Turb

idity

(NTU

)

P1 Cauca River (20% depth from surface)


P3 Palo River (50% depth)

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TSS

(mg/

L)




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Elec

tric

al C

ondu

ctivi

ty (µ

S/cm

)




(b)

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Tota

l Fe

(mg/

L)




(c)

Turbidity (a), TSS (b), electrical conductivity (c), total iron (d) temporal distribution for Cauca River and Palo River

TurbidityTSS

EC Fe

Results


Results

Turbidity TS Fe COD TSS TDS Flow TOC Chl_a Coliforms

True Color

Turbidity 1 0.90 0.48 0.59 0.95 -0.19 0.89 0.78 0.10 0.25 0.26TS 1 0.47 0.64 0.98 0.14 0.86 0.62 0.09 0.05 0.06Fe 1 0.32 0.42 0.24 0.37 0.39 -0.25 -0.16 -0.13

COD 1 0.69 -0.22 0.70 0.64 0.07 0.05 -0.22TSS 1 -0.08 0.93 0.72 0.13 0.07 0.15TDS 1 -0.30 -0.49 -0.18 -0.11 -0.39Flow 1 0.82 0.03 0.06 0.25TOC 1 -0.02 0.50 0.15Chl_a 1 -0.07 -0.31

Coliforms 1 0.04

True Color 1

P1 - Cauca River


ResultsP1 - Cauca River

Turbidity = 50.7 + 24.6 Fe + 0.738 TSS - 0.637 TDS - 0.435 Flow + 1.03 TOC

Turbidity = 27.2 + 0.644 TSSTurbidity = 27.2 + 0.644 TSS

Predictor PConstant 0.576Fe 0.132TSS 0.047TDS 0.215Flow 0.473TOC 0.737

Predictor PConstant 0.001TSS 0.000

R-Sq = 90.2%


Results

Turbidity TS Fe COD TSS TDS Flow Chl_a Coliform

sTrue Color

Turbidity 1 0.98 0.85 -0.21 0.97 0.84 0.70 -0.08 -0.16 0.16TS 1 0.75 -0.20 0.99 0.83 0.79 -0.08 0.03 0.12Fe 1 -0.15 0.7325

8 0.73 0.46 -0.07 -0.54 0.33

COD 1-

0.24017

0.04 -0.11 0.19 0.01 0.71

TSS 1 0.78 0.81 -0.07 0.06 0.08TDS 1 0.52 -0.14 -0.15 0.41Flow 1 0.10 0.37 0.03Chl_a 1 0.03 0.23

Coliforms 1 -0.45

True Color 1

P3 - Palo River


ResultsP3 - Palo River

Turbidity = - 160 + 48.9 Fe + 0.905 TSS + 0.671 TDS - 3.18 Flow

Turbidity = - 97.6 + 54.9 Fe + 0.985 TSS - 3.65 FlowTurbidity = - 97.6 + 54.9 Fe + 0.985 TSS - 3.65 Flow

Predictor PConstant 0.075Fe 0.008TSS 0.000TDS 0.167Flow 0.078

Predictor PConstant 0.204Fe 0.004TSS 0.000Flow 0.0757

R-Sq = 98.7%


Results Cauca River


Cauca River

Palo River


Objectives – Adsorption Experiments

The general goal is to determine the adsorption capacity of lead and mercury on the sediments transported by Cauca River to evaluate potential heavy metals removal by using RBF systems in Cauca River. The specific objectives are to:

•Quantify Hg and Pb equilibrium adsorption in sediments having different properties•Determine the effect of organic content on mercury and lead adsorption capacity


Adsorbant Adsorbate

Type Mass (g) Demi water + Buffers

Demi water + Buffers + Heavy metal mix

Silt MICROSIL M4 d50=50µm

0,01 Bottle 1 Bottle 30,1 Bottle 41 Bottle 52 Bottle 63 Bottle 75 Bottle 2 Bottle 8

Silt+

Organic Matter

94% MICROSIL M4+

6% Elliott Soil Humic Acid Standard


Silt+

Organic Matter

+Clay

80% MICROSIL M4+

5% Elliott Soil Humic Acid Standard+

15% IMERYS MICA MU M2/1 (Positively charged) d50=5µm


80% MICROSIL M4+


15% IMERYS Speswhite (Neutral) d50=0,7µm


80% MICROSIL M4+


15% IMERYS Polwhite B (Negatively charged) d50=2µm



Objectives – Riverbank filtration simulation

The general goal is to determine the fate and transport behaviour of sediments through the porous media under different conditions of turbidity-sediments load. The specific objectives are to:

•Determine the clogging behaviour through the porous media under inorganic – organic sediments.•Determine Hg and Pb capacity removal under inorganic – organic sediments.•Estimate the values of transport parameters as a function of turbidity conditions.


Port 1

Port 2

Port 3

Port 4

Port 5

10 cm

50 cm

250 cm

Piezometers

Δh

2 mM NaCl solution

Turbid water prepared in a 4 mM NaCl

solution


Vragen?Dank u wel

High turbidity and heavy metal removal during river bank filtration along the Cauca River

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