High temperature PEM fuel cells
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FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
Samuel Simon Araya Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University
Supervisor: Søren Knudsen KærCo-supervisor: Søren Juhl Andreasen
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Outline
• Introduction to Fuel Cells
• HT-PEM fuel cells
• Conclusions
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”Imagine driving home in a fuel cell car with nothing but pure water dripping from the tailpipe. Imagine a laptop computer that runs for 30 hours on a single charge. Imagine a world where you plug your house into your car and power lines are a distant memory.”
Introduction
-Fuel cell Fundamentals by O’Hayre et al.
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Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that continuously convert the internal energy of gases directly into electricity,
Figure source: http://ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/nilssongroup/nilsson_projects.html (15/ 02/2010)
What is a Fuel cell?
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The History
• 1800 – W. Nicholson and A. Carlisle first described electrolysis
• 1836 – William Grove fuel cell Demonstration
• 1889 – three separate teams performed various fuel cell experiments
• 1960’s – T. Grubb and L. Neidrach Invented PEMFC technology at GE
• 1990’s to the present – worldwide research on all types of fuel cells
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Advantages
• More efficient• They can be all solid parts – potential for
reliability and durability• No moving parts – Silent• NOx, SOx and Particulate emissions virtually
zero
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Disadvantages
•Cost•Power density •Susceptibility to environmental poisons•Durability
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Types of Fuel Cells
1. Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC)2. Polymer Electrolyte membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC)3. Alkaline Fuel cell (AFC)4. Molten carbonate Fuel cell (MCFC)5. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
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HT-PEM Fuel cells
Employ a thin solid polymer electrolyte
-PBI (Phosphoric acid doped)
Degradation due to- Peroxide attacks - Pt agglomeration- Acid bleaching….
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Applications
•Transportation
• Stationary and semi-
stationary power supplies
• Cogeneration – MicroCHP
• Mobile – cell phones,
laptops and mobile
monitoring devices
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Achievements and targets
Targets
CostStationary application 400 -750 $/kW
Background photo source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rasputern/3462874340/ (15/02/2010)
Data source: U.S department of Energy (DOE)
Durability• Automotive -5000
hours
• Stationary - 40 000 hours
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Conclusions
•We are halfway to tackle both the cost and durability challenges for fuel cells to be commercially competitive and the trend is faster than ever
•HT-PEM fuel cells are very promising but Material degradation remains the main issue
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Thank you for you attention