Slick Tech Architecture Or High Tech

Architecture

High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural

Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building

design. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish

from post-modern architecture. Many of its themes and ideas were

absorbed into the language of the post-modern architectural schools.

Like Brutalism, Structural Expressionist buildings reveal their structure on

the outside as well as the inside, but with visual emphasis placed on the

internal steel and/or concrete skeletal structure as opposed to exterior

concrete walls. High-tech buildings are often called machine-like. Steel, aluminum, and

glass combine with brightly colored braces, girders, and beams. Many of the building parts are prefabricated in a factory and assembled later. The

support beams, duct work, and other functional elements are placed on the

exterior of the building, where they become the focus of attention. The

interior spaces are open and adaptable for many uses.

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CHARACTERSTICS OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE

1 . S T Y L E L O O K S F U N C TI O N A L 2 . E X P E N S IV E S T R U C T U R E A N D S E RV I C E S 3 . SUPPO R T F U N C TI O N A L V I R T U E S A N D P R E S E N T A S

N E C E S S I T Y 4. IN S I D E O U T 5 . T R A N SPA R E N C Y,L AY E R IN G A N D M OV E M E N T 6 . B R IG H T ,F L AT C O L O U R IN G 7 . A L I G H T W EI G H T F I L I G R E E O F T E N S IL E M E M B E R S 8 . E X P R E E S S T R U C T U R E A S O R N A M E N TA L O R D E R 9 . M AS S IV E S T R U C T U R A L E X P R E S S IO N I ST 1 0 . C L E A R L AY O U T A N D N AT U R A L L I G H T IN IN G 1 1 . C E L E B R ATI O N O F P R O C E S S

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1.INSIDE OUT The Services & Structure Of A Building A re Almost A lways E xposed O n The E xterior As A Form O f O rnament O r Sculpture.

2.CELEBRATION OF PROCESS With the emphasis on constructon logic how, why,& what”of the building its joists,rivets ,flanges & ducts,there is an intellectual clarity which is pleasing for the very soul. The celebration of process often extends to things that are seen to work the mechanical plant and travelling crane are as omnipresent as the pediment & as the key stone are in classical architecture .

3.TRANSPERANCY,LAYERING, & MOVEMENT

These three asthetic qualities almost without exception,extensive use of transulant & transperent glass, a layering of ducts, stairs and structure and the accentutaion of moving escalators and elevators characterise the high-tech buiding.

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4. BRIGHT FLAT COLOURING B right colours are in much the same way used as the eng. Different kinds

of Structures and services are distinguished and allowed them to be easily

understood and effectively used.

5. A LIGHT WEIGHT FILIGREE OF TENSILE MEMBERS Light weight material used for the ornamentation of the building like the glass cover with steel frame.

6.OPMISTIC CONFIDENCE IN A SCIENTIFIC CULTURE:- This results more in a method of working and attitude towards material, colours, and inventions than a compositional principle.

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ARCHITECTS

Sir Norman Foster Born:

June 1, 1935 in

Manchester, E ngland

I.M. Pei

Born: April 26, 1917 Sir Richard Rogers

Born: July 23, 1933 in

Florence, Italy

Nicholas Grimshaw

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INTRODUCTION Pritzker Prize-winning British architect N orman

F oster is famous for "High Tech" design that explores technological shapes and ideas.

BORN June 1, 1935 in Manchester, England EARLY LIFE OF FOSTER B orn in a working class family, Norman Foster did not seem likely to become a famous architect. Although he was a good student in high school and showed an early interest in architecture, he did not enroll in college until he was 21 years old. Foster won numerous scholarships during his years at Manchester University, including one to attend Yale University in the United States. 6 L

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1)Manchester University School of A rchitecture 2 ) Yale University

HIS PARTNERSHIP

A t the beginning of his career, F oster worked as a member of the successful "Team 4" firm with his wife, Wendy F oster, and

the husband and wife team of R ichard R ogers and Sue R ogers. His own firm, Foster Associates, was founded in L ondon in

1967.

FOSTER AND ARCHITECTURE F oster Associates became known for "High Tech" design that explored technological shapes and ideas. In his work, Sir

Norman F oster often uses off-site manufactured parts and

the repetition of modular elements.

EDUCATION

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1970-74: W I L L IS FA B E R A N D D U M A S B U I L D IN G , IPSWICH, U K 1977: SA IN SB U RY C E N T R E , N O R W I C H, U K 1979-86: H O N G KO N G A N D S H A N G H A I B A N K , H O N G K O N G 1987-1991: C E N T U RY TOW E R B U N KY O -K U , TO K Y O , JA PA N 1987-1997: A M E R IC A N A IR M U S E U M , D U X F O R D , U K 1988-1995: M E T R O E N T R A N C E , B I L B A O , SPA IN 1989-1992: C R A N F I E L D U N IV E R S IT Y L I B R A RY , B E D F O R D S H I R E , U K 1990-1995: FA C U LT Y O F L AW ,U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A M BR I D G E , U K 1991-1993: LY C É E A L B E R T C A M U S, F R É J U S , F R A N C E 1991-97: C O M M ER Z B A N K , F R A N K F U R T, G E R M A N Y 1992-99: N E W G E R M A N PA R L I A M E N T, B E R L IN , G E R M A N Y 1995-2001: D A E W O O R E S E A R C H A N D D E V E L O P M E N T , S EO U L ,

S O U T H K O R E A 2008: T E R M IN A L T 3, B E IJ IN G , C H I N A

AWARDS AND HONERS Sir norman foster has won numerous awards and honers, including

1999: Pritzker architecture prize 1997: Appointed by the queen to the order of merit 1983: Riba royal gold medal

FAMOUS WORK OF FOSTER

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LONDON CITY HALL,LONDON Architect - Norman foster Location - Southwark , london , england Completed - 2002 Style - High-tech modren

Size: L ower ground level, Ground level, plus 9 stories above. 185,000 SQ F T

City hall is the headquarters of the G R E AT E R L O N D O N

A U T H O R IT Y ( G L A ). It is located in southwark, on the

south bank of the river thames near tower bridge.

It was designed by norman foster and opened in july 2002.

The G L A is located in an area needing the redevelopment, and with such a location, the government was able to claim

their part in the regeneration process. The design of this

building is also one that provided a symbolic break from

the past. Contrary to some believe, the London Authority doesn’t actually own the G L A . THE ASSEMBLY CHAMBER HOUSES the 25 elected members

of the L ondon Assembly as well as the offices of the mayor and the staff of the Greater L ondon A uthority. 6 L

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FEATURES AND FLOOR PLANS:- The building has an unusual, bulbous shape, intended

to reduce its surface area and thus improve energy

efficiency. It has been compared variously to Darth

Vader's helmet, a misshapen egg, a woodlouse and a motorcycle helmet.

A t the top of the ten-story

buildingis an exhibition and

meeting space called "London's

Living R oom", with an open

viewing deck which is

occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of the interior of the building, and

is intended to symbolise

transparency.

1. Parking 2. Storage rooms 3. Physical plant 4. Outdoor

amphitheater 5. Cafe 6. Information desk 7. Kitchen 8.

Exhibition area 9. Committee room 10. Meeting room 11.

Media center 12. Reception 13. Assembly chamber 14. Public

viewing gallary 15. Library 16. Reading room 17. IT room 18.

Ofiice 19. Open - plan area 20. Terrace 21. London's Room

N I N E T H L E V E L

U N D E R G R O U N D

F I R S T F L O O R

S IX T H L E V E L

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A 500-metre (1,640 ft) helical walkway, reminiscent of that in New York's Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum, ascends the full height of the building.

A t the top of the ten-story building is an exhibition and

meeting space called "London's Living R oom", with an

open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the

public. The walkway provides views of the interior of the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency.

ORIENTATION: To further improved the shape and

performance of this building the sphere shape was

skewed to more of an egg shape that leans South

blocking the direct sunlight with it’s own shape.

SHADING: The egg shape is in itself a strategy for passive design. The South side of the building leans back

so the floor-plates step out over the windows below each

other providing shade for the naturally ventilated offices.

THE INTERIOR HELICAL

STAIRCASE

ORIENTATION

SHADING 6 LE

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S E C T IO N A E R I A L V I E W

E A S T E L E VAT I O N

W E ST E L E VAT I O N

N O R T H E L E VAT I O N

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30 ST.MARY AXE

Type:- Office Location:-St. Mary Axe,City of London Construction:- 2001 Completed:- 2003 Roof:- 180 m Floor Count:- 40 Floor Area:- 47950 sq.m

Architect:- Foster and Partners

Structural Engineer:- Arup

30 St Mary Axe (formerly the Swiss Re Building, informally

referred to as the Gherkin) is a skyscraper in L ondon's

financial district, the City of london,stands on the former site of the B altic E xchange building, which was severely

damaged on 10 April 1992 by the explosion of a bomb

placed by the Provisional IR A . A fter the plans to build the Millenium Tower were dropped, the current building was designed by Norman F oster and

A rup engineers, and was erected by Skanska in 2001–2003.

The tower's topmost panoramic dome, known as the

"lens", recalls the iconic glass dome which covered part of the ground floor of the Baltic Exchange. 6 L

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F E AT U R E S

Constructed on a diagrid structure Made of 5,500 glass panels O nly piece of curved glass is the lens R adial floor design with each floor is

rotated 5° Set of six atriums two to six stories high

30 ST. M A RY A X E

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Tapers outward from the base and then

narrows. Smaller footprint allows for a public plaza. A erodynamic shape creates less

downdraft. B uilding shape allows for natural light.

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Differing air pressures and double skin

façade allow for natural ventilation Solar blinds to reclaim or reject heat Windows and blinds are computer controlled Lig ht level and motion sensor lights

V E N T I L AT I O N A N D L I G H T

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Temperature can be controlled in several separate zones on each floor

Windows open when external temperature is

between 20°C and 26°C and wind speed is less

than 10 mph B uilding can potentially turn off mechanical

temperature system 40% of the year Main energy source is gas B uilding was supposed to consume 50% less

energy

ENERGY USE:-

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CENTURY TOWER, JAPAN A rchitect: N orman F oster Year: 1987 To 1991 L ocation: Bunkyo-ku-tokyo, Japan Building Type: Commercial And Office Building.

F or the first time in Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank, century tower is not a corporate headquarters, but a

prestige office block with a wide range of services, including a fitness center and a museum. The

program is very specific and gave great freedom with

respect to the image that the work would be needed

to meet the agenda of the functional requirements

and the strict rule that exists to build in central Tokyo.

The building is located in Bunkyo-ku, in the heart of Tokyo, it occupies a

site subject to complex zoning regulations due to be at the heart of the city. Mainly the building has two well-marked contrast, the urban and the

Riverine, on the north side the building looks against a highly

homogeneous compared completely urban only interrupted by the Hongo

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STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS

The building is founded on rollers that are designed to withstand an

earthquake correctly to the steel structure is independent of using this

style of structural expressionism because at all times the structure is visible.

The exterior is solved with a curtain wall, while

the predominant material inside the glass walls

and some ceilings, steel structure, the black

granite is used in places where it occurs the water and wood is present in some doors and divisions.

SPACES The response to the project was the design of the tower in two blocks, nineteen to twenty stories high, connected by a narrow atrium. The outer shape of the blocks is defined by the eccentrically braced

frames, in response to the needs of earthquake engineering in a city where

earthquakes and typhoons are very real threats. Inside the floors are double height spaces with mezzanines suspended

between them, allowing office space free of columns and enjoy natural light and views.

The main entrance is located

on the south side of the

building on A venue 405, on

the other side of this contrast look at the other building, a

waterway with a lot of value

in the city, the Kanda River

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INTRODUCTION:- R ichard G eorge R ogers, B aron R ogers of R iverside (born

23 July 1933) is a B ritish architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs. R ogers was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the A rchitectural Association School of A rchitecture in

L ondon, before graduating with a master’s degree from

the Yale School of A rchitecture in 1962. While studying at Yale, R ogers met student Norman F oster and planning

student Su B rufellow architecture mwell.

EARLY LIFE AND CARRER OF ROGER:-

R ogers was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the A rchitectural Association of A rchitecture in L ondon, before graduating with a master’s

degree from theYale School of A rchitecture in 1962.While studying at Yale, R ogers met fellow architecture student Norman F oster and planning

student Su B rumwell. O n returning to E ngland he, F oster and B rumwell set up architectural practice as Team 4 with Wendy Cheeseman (B rumwell later married R ogers, Cheeseman married Foster).Rogers and F oster earned a reputation for what was later termed by the media high tech

architecture

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HIS FAMOUS WORKS:- •Lloyd's building, L ondon, U K (1978–84) •Fleetguard Manufacturing Plant, Q uimper ,F rance (1979–1981) •Inmos microprocessor factory ,N ewport ,Wales (1980–1982) [

•PA Technology Centre, Princeton, New Jersey ,U SA (1982–1985) •O ld B illingsgate Market ,L ondon, U K (1985–1988) •Centre Commercial St. Herbain, Nantes ,F rance (1986–1987) •The Deckhouse, Thames R each, L ondon, U K (1986–1989) •Paternoster Square,L ondon, U K (1987) •45 R oyal A venue, L ondon, U K (1987) •R euters Data C entre, L ondon, U K (1987–1992) •Kabuki-cho Tower, Tokyo, Japan (1987–1993) •Antwerp L aw Courts, B elgium (2000–2006)

•88 Wood Street ,L ondon, U K (1990–1999) •Tower B ridge House, L ondon, U K (1990–2005) •Daimler complex, Potsdamer Platz , B erlin (1993–1999) •Palais de J ustice de Bordeaux, B ordeaux ,F rance (1993–1999) •Montevetro, L ondon, U K (1994–2000) •Lloyd's R egister building, L ondon, U K (1995–1999) •Minami-Yamashiro Primary School, near K yoto ,Japan (1995–2003) •Millennium Dome, L ondon, U K (1996–1999) •B roadwick House, L ondon, U K (1996–2000) 6 L

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LLOYD'S BUILDING

A rchitect: R ichard R ogers L ocation: 1 lime street, city of L ondon. Date: 1978 to 1986 B uilding Type: O ffice B uilding. Antenna Spire: 93.1 m (312 ft) R oof: 88m (289 ft) Floor count: 14

CREATOR’S WORD

"Buildings are not idiosyncratic private institutions: they give public

performances both to the user and the passerby. Thus the architect's

responsibility must go beyond the client's program and into the

broader public realm. Though the client's program offers the

architect a point of departure, it must be questioned, as the

architectural solution lies in the complex and often contradictory

interpretation of the needs of the individual, the institution, the

place and history. The recognition of history as a principle

constituent of the program and an ultimate model of legitimacy is a

radical addition to the theories of the Modern Movement." 6 LE

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The lloyd's building (also sometimes known as the inside-out building

The building was innovative in having its

services such as staircases, lifts, electrical power conduits and water pipes on the

outside, leaving an uncluttered space inside.

The building consists of three main towers

and three service towers around a central, rectangular space. Its focal point is the large

underwriting room on the ground floor, which houses the famous lutine bell.

On the ground floor of the atrium sits the

Lu tine B ell, salvaged from the F rench frigate

L a Lu tine which surrendered to the British in

1793. The bell is rung once for good news

and twice for bad, and the expansive atrium

carries the sound to everyone in the building.

The underwriting room is overlooked by galleries, forming a

60 metres (197 ft) high atrium lit naturally through a huge barrel-vaulted glass roof.

S IT E P L A N

F L O O R P L A N

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The services of the building are exposed.

T H E E X P O S E D S E RV IC E S O F

T H E B U IL D I N G

I N N E R V IE W

The external wall is claded with sparkel glass and

deep mullions the holes cut the mullions not only

reduce the weight; they also increase the amount of light reaching the façade. The first four galleries open onto the atrium space, and

are connected by escalators through the middle of the

structure. The higher floors are glassed-in, and can only

be reached via the outside lifts.

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A t the heart of the building is a huge atrium, 14 floors and 76 meters (249 feet) tall.

T he total possible underwriting area is

19,000 square metres.

The building's height rises from seven

storeys on the south elevation through a

series of terraces to its full height on the

north side.

S E C T I O N T H R O U G H T H E B U IL D I N G

33,510 cubic metres of concrete were

used in the building's construction, as

were 12,000 square metres of glass, 30,000 square metres of stainless steel cladding, 5,000 square metres of anodised aluminium frame and 2,000

square metres of painted steel. E L E VAT I O N 6 L

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Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, (born 9 O ctober 1939) is a

prominent E nglish architect particularly noted for several modernist buildings, including L ondon's Water L oo International Project and the E den Project in Cornwall. In late 2004, He was elected

President of the R oyal A cademy B orn in Hove, E ast Sussex, G rimshaw inherited an

interest in engineering .He is also reputed to have

displayed an early interest in construction; his

boyhood interests included Meccano building tree

houses and boats.

EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION OF ROGER:-

He was educated at Wellington College. F rom 1959 to 1962, he

studied at the E dinburgh College of A rchitecture before winning a

scholarship to attend the A rchitectural A ssociation in L ondon, where he won further scholarships to travel to Sweden in 1963 and

the United States in 1964. He graduated from the A A in 1965 with

an honours diploma, and having entered into a partnership with

Terry Farrell, he joined the R oyal Institute of A rchitects two years

later in 1967.

INTRODUCTION:-

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LORD’S CRICKET GROUND ARCHITECT - N icholas grimshaw

LOCATION - St john's wood, london

ESTABLISHED - 1814 STYLE - High-tech modren

L ord's C ricket G round (generally

known as L ord's) is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, L ondon. L ord's is widely referred to as the

"home of cricket" and is home to the

world's oldest sporting museum. L ord's today is not on its original site, being the third of three grounds that L ord established between 1787 and

1814. His first ground, now referred to

as L ord's O ld Ground, His second

ground, L ord's Middle G round, was

used from 1811 to 1813 The present L ord's ground is about 250 yards (230 m) north-west of the site of the Middle G round. 6 L

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T O P V IE W

The ground can currently hold

up to 32,000 spectators. The two

ends of the pitch are the Pavilion

E nd (south-west), where the

main members' Pavilion is

located, and the N ursery E nd

(north-east), dominated by the

Media Centre.

The Pavilion also contains the dressing rooms where players

change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the

play. In each of the two main

dressing rooms are honours boards

which commemorate all the

centuries scored in Test matches on

the Lord’s ground and all instances of a bowler's taking five wickets in a

Test innings and ten wickets in a

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T he Pavilion also contains the dressing rooms where players change, each

of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. In each of the

two main dressing rooms are honours boards which commemorate all the

centuries scored in Test matches on the Lord’s ground and all instances of

a bowler's taking five wickets in a Test innings and ten wickets in a Test match.

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B orn:- April 26, 1917 (age 94) Canton (Guangzhou), China

Nationality:- Am erican Alma mater :- Massachusetts Institute of

Technology

Ieoh Ming Pei (born April 26, 1917), commonly known as I. M. Pei, is an Chinese architect, often called a master of modern

architect Born in Canton,China and raised in Hong Kong and Shanghai, Pei drew inspiration at an early age from the

gardens at Suzhou. In 1935 he moved to the United States and

enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's architecture school, but quickly transferred to the M.I.T. He was unhappy with the

focus at both schools on Beaux Arts School, and spent his free

time researching the emerging architects, especially Le Corbusier.

EARLY LIFE AND CARRER OF PIE:-

As Pei neared the end of his secondary education, he decided to study at an overseas

university. He was accepted to a number of schools, but decided to enroll at the .Pei's

choice had two roots. While studying in Shanghai, he had closely examined the

catalogs for various institutions of higher learning around the world. The architectural program at the University of Pennsylvania stood out to him.

I.M .PI E

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AWARDS:- R oyal G old Medal A IA G old Medal Presidential Medal of F reedom Pritzker A ward

STYLE:-

Pei's style is described as thoroughly modernist, with

significant cubist themes.He is known for combining

traditional architectural elements with progressive

designs based on simple geometric patterns. As one

critic writes: "Pei has been aptly described as

combining a classical sense of form with a

contemporary mastery of method.”

FAMOUS BUILDING:-

John K Kennedy Library National Gallery of Art Louvre Pyramid, Paris Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong Museum of Islamic art,Doha 6 L

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LOUVRE PYRAMID

A rchitect: I.M.Pei L ocation: Paris Date: Completed In 1989

Building Type: Museum Construction System: Steel F rame, G lass Curtain Walls. The louvre pyramid is a large glass and metal pyramid, surrounded by three

smaller pyramids.

The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the L ouvre museum has

become the landmark in the city Paris. The structure, which was constructed entirely with glass segments, reaches a

height of 20.6 metres (about 70 feet); its square base has sides of 35 metres

(115 ft). It consists of 603 rhombus-shaped and 70 triangular glass

segments.

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