HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES IN MINERALOGY AT ESRF SYNCHROTRON
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HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES IN MINERALOGY AT
ESRF SYNCHROTRONDavide Levy
European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities,
BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France
E-mail: [email protected]
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• PRESSURE (bar)• 10-31 Non equilibrium "pressure" of hydrogen gas in intergalactic space.
• 10-22 Non equilibrium "pressure" of cosmic microwave background radiation.
• 10-19 Pressure in interplanetary space.
• 10-16 Best vacuum achieved in laboratory.
• 10-13 Atmospheric pressure at altitude of 300 miles.
• 10-10 Pressure of strong sunlight at surface of earth.
• 10-7 Partial pressure of hydrogen in atmosphere at sea level.
• 10-6 Best vacuum attainable with mechanical pump.-Radiation pressure at surface of sun.
• 10-4 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmosphere at sea level.
• 10-3 Vapour pressure of water at triple point of water.
• 10-2 Pressure inside light bulb.
• 10-1 Atmospheric pressure at summit of Mount Everest.
• 1 Atmospheric pressure at sea level.
• 10 Maximum pressure inside cylinder of high compression engine-Air pressure in high-pressure bicycle tyre.
• 102 Steam pressure in boiler of a power plant.-Peak pressure of fist on concrete during karate strike.
• 103 Pressure at greatest depths in oceans.
• 104 Pressure at which mercury solidifies at room temperature.-Pressure at which graphite becomes diamond.
• 105 Highest pressure attainable in laboratory before diamond anvil cell
• 106 Highest pressure achieved with diamond anvil cell-Pressure at centre of Earth.
• 107 Pressure at centre of Saturn.
• 108 Pressure at centre of Jupiter- Radiation pressure at centre of sun.
• 1010 Pressure at centre of sun.
• 1016 Pressure at centre of red-giant star- Pressure at centre of white-dwarf star.
• 1025 Pressure at centre of super-dense star.
• 1028 Pressure at centre of neutron star.
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The High Pressure mineralogy at ID9
• Instrumentation:-general features-optics-Diamond Anvil Cell-ruby fluorescence system
• Mineralogical studies at HP:-Spinels-Andradite-Omphacite -Zeolite (scolecite)
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Principal features of ID9
• Insertion devices: 70mm Wiggler 46mm Ondulator
• Optics for HP:Vertical mirrorBended Laue monochromator(Bragg-Bragg monochromator)
• Beam dimension: 30x30m (typical) 15x15m (possible)
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Optics Hutch
Storage Ring
Be Window
Front-end
Tunnel Wall
Primary and Secondary
Slits 1
Absorber
Mirror
Monochromator Slits
Monochromator
Monochromator Beamstop
Mirror 2
Secondary Slits 2
Beamstop
Hutch Wall
Beam to ID9 HP
Beam to ID9 TR
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Experimental Hutch
Hutch Wall
H & V Slits
Laue Monochromator
H & V Slits
Absorber
Fluorescence Shield
Cleaning Slits
DAC
Image Plate
Beamstop
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Laue Bended Monochromator
White Beam
BenderMonochromator
Cooling water
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Diamond Anvil Cell (2)
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Diamond Anvil Cell (3)
Gas in Gas out
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Diamond Anvil Cell (1)
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Pressure Determination
Ruby Laser
Spectrometer
6900 7000 7100 7200
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
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Spinel at HP (1)
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Spinel at HP (2)
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Spinel at HP (3)
ZnFe2O4 HP-PhaseFe3O4 HP-Phase(Fei et al. 1999)
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Andradite at HP (1)
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Andradite at HP (2)
Oxigen position vs. P
P (GPa)
0 10 20 30 40
x,y,
z (F
rac.
coo
rdin
ates
)
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.055
0.650
0.655
0.660
0.665
P vs X P vs Y P vs Z
Cell edge Vs. P
P (GPa)
0 10 20 30 40a
(Å)
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.0
12.1
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Omphacite-P2/n at HP (1)
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Omphacite at HP (2)
Cell edges vs. P
P (GPa)
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Cell
Edge
s (Å
)
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
8.0
8.5
9.0
5.0
5.5
6.0
angle vs. P
P (GPa)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
(d
egre
e)
106
107
a
c
b
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Zeolites at HP