High Pressure Gas Flow Measurement and Traceability in KOREA

2014 APMP TCFF Workshop

Woong KANG

Center for Fluid Flow and Acoustics

Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

I

Conclusions

Natural gas in High pressure distribution

High pressure gas flow measurement in KRISS (Facilities and Uncertainty)

NMIs High pressure gas flow facility

1

High pressure gas flow calibrations & traceability in KOREA

Contents

II

III

IV

V

Contents

2

2015 World LNG Trade(Million Ton)

Courtesy : IEC modeling

Import trades for Natural Gas Consumption in Asia-Pacific regions : Japan (87.7 M tons), South Korea(40.9 M tones), China (18.6 M tones), India (12.9 M tones) …

Annual growth rate to 2040 of Asia natural gas consumption : 5 - 5.3 % (BG group, U.S. EIA)

Natural Gas Major Trade Movements

Receiving Terminal Metering Station Pipe Line Network

China Taiwan

Japan Korea

3

Natural Gas with High Pressure Distribution

I

Conclusions

Natural gas in High pressure distribution

High pressure gas flow measurement in KRISS (Facilities and Uncertainty)

NMIs High pressure gas flow facility

4

High pressure gas flow calibrations & traceability in KOREA

Contents

II

III

IV

V

Contents

15 - 10,000 m3/h

1 – 5 MPa

50– 34,000 m3/h 1- 7 MPa

8 – 6,500 m3/h 1.5 – 5 MPa

2,000m3/h - 5 MPa

Compressed Air HP Natural gas

5

12,000 m3/h 6 MPa

20– 30,000 m3/h - 6 MPa

NMI’s Capabilities for High Pressure Gas Flows

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Air Suction type 1.5 – 5 MPa 7 – 6000 m3/min 0.12%

6

PTB Air Flow Standard

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Natural Gas

Station through (North Sea / Groningen)

1.6 – 5.6 MPa 8 – 6500 m3/h 0.13 - 0.16%

7

PTB / PigsarTM Flow Standard

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Air Blow-down / PVTt 0.2 – 0.8 MPa 80 m3/min 0.11%

8

NIST PVTt Standard

9

TMS (Turbine meter) Test section

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Natural Gas

Station through (Northern Border Pipeline)

7 MPa 50 – 34,000 m3/h 0.25%

CEESI Natural Gas Facility

HPNGCS

10

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Natural Gas

Closed loop 0.9 - 6 MPa 20 – 30,000 m3/h 0.17%

NMi EuroLoop Natural Gas Facility

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Air Blow-down 6 MPa 12,000 Nm3/h 0.15%

11

TUV NEL Gas Flow Facility

I

Conclusions

Natural gas in High pressure distribution

High pressure gas flow measurement in KRISS (Facilities and Uncertainty)

NMIs High pressure flow facility

12

High pressure gas flow calibrations & traceability in KOREA

Contents

II

III

IV

V

Contents

13

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Air Blow-down 0.1- 5 MPa 30 – 10,000 Nm3/h 0.20%

High Pressure Gas Flow Facility in KRISS

Sonic nozzle

Weighing

Diverter

Heat exchanger

DUT

Sonic nozzle Package

PCV

Gas Type Flow Generation

Method Pressure Range Flow Capacity Uncertainty

Air Blow-down 0.1- 5 MPa 30 – 10,000N m3/h 0.20%

13

High Pressure Gas Flow Facility in KRISS

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Facilities I

Reciprocating Compressor #2 → Delivering air : 0.33 m3/s, Pressure : 7.1 Mpa

Pressure Control Valve → Diaphragm type

1st PCV

2nd PCV

Storage Tank → Improved volume : 52.4 m3

Temperature Control Loop → Improved volume : 19.4 m3

Facilities II : Sonic nozzle

15

Sonic nozzle → Diameter: 4.3 – 24 mm

Downstream Sonic nozzle package → 0.2 MPa

ISO Standard Sonic nozzle (Critical Flow Venturi)

P0

T0

Sonic nozzle

Upstream Sonic nozzle → 0.2 – 5 MPa

Straightner

Facilities III : Diverter / Weighing

17

Sonic nozzle

Flow to DUT

Heat Exchanger

Valve

Valve

Flow to Collecting

Diverting System → Two Ball Valves

→ Pinion and Rack with a hydraulic system → Photo-interrupter, operating time < 100ms

Weighing system → 2 m3 Cylindrical standing weigh tank

2.2 ton up to 5 MPa → Gyroscope Scale max 100 kg Accuracy 10 g

DUT

Facilities IV : Heat Exchanger

18

T

T0= 1 +

γ − 1

2Ma2

−1

Flow direction

p

T

v

p o

T o

v=0

p/p o=0.5283

T/T =0.833

Nozzle throat

1

2

3

Temperature distribution

Facilities IV : Heat Exchanger

18

Close to Room Temp.

Uncertainty Evaluation I

RT

APCCmCq

0

0*

ddm ==

RA/CC C ,T

1CPq *

do

om ==

qm: Measuring mass flow rate by gravimetric system

: Theoretical mass flow rate by sonic nozzle

Cd : Discharge coefficient

C*: Critical flow factor

P0 : Upstream stagnation pressure

T0 : Upstream stagnation temperature

R: Specific gas constant

A: the area of the throat

m

T

1P/qC

oom= ← Calibration Coefficient of sonic nozzle

19

Uncertainty Evaluation II

T

1P/qC

oom=

)T(uTP4

q)P(u

P

Tq)q(u

P

T

C

)C(uo

2

o2

o

2m

o2

4o

o2

mm

22

o

o

2

2

++= ← Sensitivity Coefficient

)()()()( 2222222oToPmq TuCPuCquCCu

oom ← Law of Uncertainty Propagation

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

4

)()()()(

o

o

o

o

m

m

T

Tu

P

Pu

q

qu

C

Cu ← Relative Uncertainty

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↑ Flow Rate

↑ Pressure Measurement

↑ Temperature Measurement

Uncertainty Evaluation III

2/12

2

2

es22

L

2

L22

es

2

b2

2

es2

m

m}

t

)t(u

mΔ

)ρΔ(uV

mΔ

)V(uρΔ

mΔ

)WΔ(u

mΔ

)WΔ(u{

q

)q(u+

×+

×++=

21

↑ Weighing

↑ Dead weight Buoyancy

↑ ↑ Inventory volume of diverter system

↑ Time measurement

7

8

9 10

11

1 2 3 4 5 6

12 13 14 15

Inventory volume I

Inventory volume II

I

Conclusions

Natural gas in High pressure distribution

High pressure gas flow measurement in KRISS (Facilities and Uncertainty)

NMIs High pressure flow facility

22

High pressure gas flow calibrations & traceability in KOREA

Contents

II

III

IV

V

Contents

Sonic nozzles

Thermal Mass Flowmeter

Turbine Flowmeters

Orifice Meters

Vortex Flowmeters

V-Cone Flowmeters

Subsonic Venturis

Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Custom Meters

Meter Type Calibrated

23

Traceability Hierarchy of HP Gas Flow in KRISS

Reference standard Of Time

Uref ≤ 10-5

Reference standard Of Mass

Uref ≤ 10-5

Reference standard Of Pressure Uref ≤ 10-4

Reference standard Of Length Uref ≤ 10-5

Reference standard Of Temperature

Uref ≤ 0.01 K

High Pressure Gas Flow Standard System

Q=10,000 m3/h P=50 bar U<0.18%

Weighing system

Sonic Nozzle

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Sonic nozzle

Calibration Transfer standard Working standard

Ultrasonic meter

Turbine meter

Thermal Mass meter

Orifice meter

Subsonic venturi

Secondary Standard Facility

User Field Measurement

Natural Gas with High Pressure

High Pressure gas flow facility → Blow-down type / Weighing system / Sonic nozzle

Uncertainty Analysis → Uncertainty of Sonic nozzle Calibration Coefficient

KRISS High Pressure Gas Flow Measurement

Natural Gas Consumption at Asia-Pacific region → Flow uncertainty in high pressure distribution

NMI’s High Pressure Flow Facility

→ HP Natural gas / Compressed Air Facility → Various flow generation type / capabilities

Conclusion

Calibration / Traceability

25

Membrane

Thank you for your kind attention!