Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte
-
Upload
muhammad-abdurrahman -
Category
Documents
-
view
262 -
download
12
description
Transcript of Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte
![Page 1: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HIDROMETALLURGY – DIRECT ELECTROREFINING NICKEL FROM
NICKEL MATTE
Fakultas Teknik dan DesainJurusan Teknik Metalurgi dan MaterialInstitut Teknologi dan Sains Bandung
Kamis, 28 Juni 2015
Muhammad Abdurrahman123.11.004
![Page 2: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OUTLINEPENDAHULUAN
PROPERTIES
RAW MATERIAL
USES
RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION
PRICE
PROSES ELEKTROREFINING
MASS BALANCE
![Page 3: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PENDAHULUAN
Ditemukan oleh A. F. Cronstedt pada tahun 1751 dalam mineral yang disebut kupfernickel (nikolit).
Nikel adalah komponen yang ditemukan banyak dalam meteorit besi atau siderit dan menjadi ciri komponen yang membedakan meteorit dari mineral lainnya.
![Page 4: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PENDAHULUAN
Silvery white metal Resists corrosion and oxidation Very ductile Alloys readily Magnetic at room temperature Can be deposited by electroplating Has catalytic properties
![Page 5: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PROPERTIESName: NICKELChemical Symbol Ni
Atomic Mass 58.71 g.mol -1
Thermal Conductivity 90.9 W/M/KYoung's Modulus 200 GPaShear Modulus 76 GPaBulk Modulus 180 GPaPoisson's Ratio 0.31
Ionic Radius 0.069 nm (+2) ; 0.06 nm (+3)Isotopes 10Electronic Shell [ Ar ] 3d8 4s2
Energy Of First Ionisation 735 kJ.mol -1
Energy Of Second Ionisation 1753 kJ.mol -1
Energy Of Third Ionisation 3387 kJ.mol -1
Standard Potential -0.25 V
![Page 6: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PROPERTIES
Jika dibakar, reaksi berlangsung cepat membentuk oksida NiO
Bereaksi dengan Cl2 membentuk NiCl2 Larut dalam HNO3 dan aquaregia
Ni + HNO3 → Ni(NO3) 2 + NO +H2O Tidak bereaksi dengan basa alkali Bereaksi dengan H2S menghasilkan
endapan hitam
![Page 7: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
RAW MATERIAL
![Page 8: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LATERITE PROFILE
![Page 9: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
USES
![Page 10: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION
![Page 11: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Source: Nickel- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2014
![Page 12: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PRICE
![Page 15: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PROSES ELEKTROREFINING NI-MATTE
Very different from copper– Many impurities will dissolve from
anode and deposit on cathode(Cu, Pb, Sn)
– Use diaphragm cells – anode and cathode separated by cloth diaphragm (cathodes in bags)
– Liquid from anode(anolyte) flows out and pumped to an electrolyte purification plant pumped back into the cathode compartment, Ni deposited.
![Page 16: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Elektrorefining Ni-Matte Electrorefining matte secara langsung (Ni3S2)
menjadi logam Ni Nikel matte dicor menjadi bentuk anoda
dengan ukuran (110 cm x 72 cm x 6 cm) pada suhu 9800C.
Anoda didinginkan dengan cepat pada suhu 5100C dan diletakkan dalam chamber untuk pendinginan dengan suhu 2000C.
Prosedur ini menghambat terjadinya Crack pada anoda selama reaksi dengan perubahan fasa pada suhu 5050C, langkah ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 25 jam.
Anoda dielektrolisis pada 240 A/m2. Komposisi anoda ditunjukkan oleh tabel 1.
![Page 17: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Komposisi Anoda dan Katoda
Anoda diletakkan dalam kantong agar lumpur anoda tidak mengkontaminasi katoda (terbawa oleh aliran elektrolit. Kompartemen anoda dan katoda dipisahkan oleh diaphragma.
Elektrorefining Ni-Matte
![Page 18: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Apabila potensial anoda disetting diatas 0.84 V vs SHE, maka reaksinya adalah di persamaan 3.
Ketika anoda mulai terkorosi, sulfur membentuk lapisan slime pada anoda. Dalam jangka waktu 22 hari proses elektrorefining menghasilkan slime dengan ukuran 2x lipat dari lapisan biasanya dan tegangannya meningkat 2x lipat juga (dari 3 V menjadi 6 V).
Adanya lapisan sulfur yang menonjol di anoda akan mempengaruhi efisiensi arus dan juga meningkatkan temperatur elektrolit hingga 10 oC.
Anodanya diproses untuk memisahkan slime sulfur dengan matte yang tidak terlarut. Dan sulfur kemudian dimasukkan kembali kedalam smelter untuk recovery logam berharga lainnya.
Elektrorefining Ni-Matte
![Page 20: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Schematic operation of conventional nickel electrorefining cell
Anoda dan katoda dipisahkan oleh diafragma untuk mencegah percampuran anolit dan katolit dan juga menghindari kontaminasi Ni deposit dengan lumpur anoda
Anoda diletakkan dalam kantong agar lumpur anoda tidak mengkontaminasi katoda (terbawa oleh aliran elektrolit. Kompartemen anoda dan katoda dipisahkan oleh diaphragma.
![Page 21: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A schematic of the particulate electrode
![Page 22: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electrolyte For Conventional Nickel Electrorefining
Elektrorefining Ni-Matte
![Page 23: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Perbandingan Elektrorefining Ni-Matte dan Cu-Matte
![Page 24: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Perhitungan Mass Balance
![Page 25: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Hidrometallurgy – Direct Electrorefining Nickel From Nickel Matte](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/563dba94550346aa9aa6d8f4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
REFERENSI Compere, A.L., et. all. 1994. Contaminated
Nickel Scrap Processing. Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831.
McKay, Douglas A. 1993. The Direct Electrorefining of Copper Matte. Canada.
www.minerals.usgs.com www.lenntech.com www.nickelinstitute.org www.gmeresources.com metalpedia.asianmetal.com www.infomine.com www.ar09.angloamerican.solutions.investis.com