Hidrolika OLB
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Transcript of Hidrolika OLB
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Hydraulics
for
OLB
Prepared by : Asep M. I. Shiddiq
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Name : Asep M. I. ShiddiqAddress : Komp. Riung Bandung Blok
IVB No. 168 Bandung.
HP` : 08156272401
Institution : Pusdiklat Migas
Education : Magister of Petroleum
Engineering ITB
E-mail : [email protected]
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Objectives :
a. Detemination of laminar or turbulent flow
b. Rheological model (newtonian & non-newtonian)
c. Determination pressure loss in pipe and annulusd. Determination pressure drop across the Bit
e. Determination HHP, PHP, BHHP, IHP and BHP
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Mud Flow Rate & Velocity
Mud Flow rate :t
VolQ
Mud velocity :t
Lv
Mud Volume : ALVol x
Substitute Eq. (3) to (1) :
(1)
(2)
(3)
AxvAxtL
tALQ )(. (4)
Average Velocity of
mud: AQ
v (5)
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Velocity inside DP
Equation in field unit :
min/52.24
144
48.7
)())(4/(
)gal/min(2
2
2
3
22 ftID
Q
in
ft
gal
ft
xinID
Qv
dp
dp
sec/4085.0sec/60
152.2422
ftID
QxftxID
Qxvdp
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Velocity in DP
Equation in field unit :
22 )(4085.0
)(448.2 dpdpdp
ID
Qx
IDx
Qv
Where :
inchDPdiameterInsideIDgpmrateFlowQ
fpsftDPinvelocityv
dp
dp
,)(
sec),/(
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Velocity in DC
Equation in field unit :
22 )(4085.0
)(448.2 dcdcdc
ID
Qx
IDx
Qv
Where :
inchDCdiameterInsideIDgpmrateFlowQ
fpsftDCinvelocityv
dc
dc
,)(
sec),/(
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Velocity in Annulus DP&Casing
Equation in field unit :
)(4085.0
)(448.22222/
dpcdpc
cdpODID
Qx
ODIDx
Qv
Where :
inchDP,diameterOutsideOD
inchCasing,diameterInsideID(gpm)rateFlowQ
fps(ft/sec),DCinvelocityv
dp
c
dp/c
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Velocity in Other Section
Equation in DP & Open Hole :
)(4085.0
)(448.22222/
dphdph
hdpODD
Qx
ODDx
Qv
Equation in DC & Open Hole :
)(4085.0
)(448.22222/
dchdch
hdcODD
Qx
ODDx
Qv
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Velocity in Bit Nozzles
Equation in field unit :
)(4085.0
)(448.22
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
1 ddd
Qx
dddx
Qvn
Where :
inchDiameterd
inchDiameterd
inchDiameterdgpmratePumpQ
fpsftnozzleinvelocityvn
,3nozzle
,2nozzle
,1nozzle)(
sec),/(
3
2
1
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Problem
Data :Pump rate : 250 gpm
DP : 5 OD, 4.276 ID
DC : 7 OD, 2,5 ID
Casing : 9-5/8 OD, 9.083IDHole diameter : 8.5
Nozzle size : 10x10x11
Calculate mud velocity:
a. In the annulus between drill pipe-casing ?b. In the annulus between drill pipe-hole ?
c. In the annulus between drill collar-hole ?
d. Nozzle velocity?
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Continuity Formula
Equation:
)()(22
/
22
/
22
dphhdpdpccdpdcdcdpdp ODDxvODIDxvIDxvIDxv
)()(2
3
2
2
2
1
22
/
2dddxvODDxvIDxv ndchhdcdpdp
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Problem
Data :The velocity in DP is 6 fps
DP : 5 OD, 4.276 ID
DC : 7 OD, 2,5 ID
Casing : 9-5/8 OD, 9.083ID
Hole diameter : 8.5Nozzle size : 10x10x11
Calculate mud velocity:
a. In drill collar?
b. In the annulus between drill pipe-casing ?
c. In the annulus between drill pipe-hole ?
d. In the annulus between drill collar-hole ?
e. Nozzle velocity?
f. Mud flow rate?
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Type of Mud flow
Laminar flow
Mud flows parallel or in line with the pipe, regularly and slow. The
mud velocity in the center of pipe is the highest and near the wall of
the pipe is slower
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Type of Mud flow
Turbulent flow
the mud flows irregularly and fast. The mud flow in the annulus
between drill string and open hole must not turbulent. It should
be laminar flow.
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Flow Type
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Type of Mud flow
In oil well drilling, turbulent flow is to be avoided as far as possible,
since turbulence can cause :
Severe hole erosion
Pressure loss increase with degree of turbulence
In cementing, turbulence is deliberately initiated to :
Displace the mud cake from the wall of hole
Allow the cement to contact the fresh surface of theformation
This will then result a better cementing job.
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Determining of mud flow
To determine the type of mud flow is based on :
The critical mud velocity.
If the mud velocity is higher than the its critical mud velocity, the mud flow
is turbulent. When the mud velocity is slower or equal, the mud flow is
laminar.
Vm > Vc Turbulent
Vm < Vc Laminar
The Reynold Number.
Nre < 2100 : Laminer
Nre > 2100 : Turbulen
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Critical Mud Velocity
Critical mud velocity in DP:
)).((
))).(.()(34.12()(078.1))(078.1( 22
MWID
YPMWIDPVPV
dpc dp
dp
v
Where :
inchDPdiameterinsideID
ppgweightmudMWftlbyieldmudYP
cPplasticmudPV
fpsvelocitymudcriticalv
dp
dpc
,
,100/viscosity,
viscosity,
,
2
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Critical Mud Velocity
Critical mud velocity in DC:
)).((
)).(.()(34.12)(078.1)(078.1 22
MWID
YPMWIDPVPV
dcc dc
dcv
Where :
inchDCdiameterinsideID
ppgweightmudMWftlbyieldmudYP
cPplasticmudPV
fpsvelocitymudcriticalv
dc
dcc
,
,
100/viscosity,
viscosity,
,
2
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Critical Mud Velocity
Critical mud velocity Between DP & casing :
)).((
)).(.()(256.9)(078.1)(078.1
/
22
MWODID
YPMWODIDPVPV
cdpc dpc
dpc
v
Where :
inchDPdiameterinsideID
ppgweightmudMWftlbyieldmudYP
cPplasticmudPV
fpsvelocitymudcriticalv
dp
cdpc
,
,100/viscosity,
viscosity,
,
2
/
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Critical Mud Velocity
Critical mud velocity Between DP & open hole :
)).((
)).(.()(256.9)(078.1)(078.1
/
22
MWODD
YPMWODDPVPV
hdpc dph
dph
v
Where :
inchsumurdiameterID
ppgweightmudMWftlbyieldmudYP
cPplasticmudPV
fpsvelocitymudcriticalv
h
hdpc
,
,100/viscosity,
viscosity,
,
2
/
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Critical Mud Velocity
Critical mud velocity Between DC & open hole :
)).((
)).(.()(256.9)(078.1)(078.1
/
22
MWODD
YPMWODDPVPV
hdcc dch
dchv
Where :
inchsumurdiameterID
ppgweightmudMWftlbyieldmudYP
cPplasticmudPV
fpsvelocitymudcriticalv
h
hdcc
,
,100/viscosity,
viscosity,
,
2
/
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Variable Reynold Number :
Pipe diameter
Density of fluid
Viscosity of fluid Average flow velocity of fluid
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Reynold Number
Note :Nre < 2100 : Laminer
Nre > 2100 : Turbulen
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Pressure Loss
Pressure loss through DP
Pressure loss through DC
Pressure loss through annulus between DP open hole
Pressure loss through annulus between DC open hole
Pressure loss through annulus between DP casing
Pressure loss through the bit
Pressure loss through surface equipment
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Pressure Loss
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Pressure loss DP
Laminar Flow :
).(225
).(
).(1500
.).(2
dp
dp
dp
dpdp
dpID
LYP
ID
VLPVP
Turbulent Flow :
)(8.25
).(.. 2
dp
dpdp
dpID
VLMWf
P
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Pressure loss DP
factorfrictionf
cPityvisplasticPV
inchDPdiameterInsideID
fpsvelocitymudv
ftDPofLengthL
psiDPlosspressureP
where
dp
dp
dp
,cos
,
,
,
,
:
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Pressure loss DC
Laminar Flow :
).(225
).(
).(1500
.).(2
dc
dc
dc
dcdcdc
ID
LYP
ID
VLPVP
Turbulent Flow :
)(8.25
).(.. 2
dc
dcdcdcID
VLMWfP
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Pressure loss DC-OH
Laminar Flow :
).(200
).(
).(1000
.).(2
//
dch
dc
dch
hdcdchdc
ODD
LYP
ODD
VLPVP
Turbulent Flow :
)(8.25
).(.. 2
/
dch
dcdchdc
ODD
VLMWfP
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Pressure loss DP-OH
Laminar Flow :
).(200
).(
).(1000
.).(2
/
/
dph
dp
dph
hdpdp
hdp
ODD
LYP
ODD
VLPVP
Turbulent Flow :
)(8.25
).(.. 2
/
dph
dpdp
hdpODD
VLMWf
P
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Pressure loss DP-Casing
Laminar Flow :
).(200
).(
).(1000
.).( /2
//
/
dpc
cdp
dpc
cdpcdp
cdp
ODD
LYP
ODD
VLPVP
Turbulent Flow :
)(8.25
).(.. 2///
dpc
cdpcdp
cdpODID
VLMWf
P
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Pressure Loss Across the Bit
Pressure Loss :
22
2
).(.12032
).(
CdAn
QMWPb
edischoftcoefficienCd
ppgweightmudMW
inchnozzlebitareationcrossAn
gpmrateflowQ
psibittheacrosslosspressureP
where
b
arg
,
,sec
,
,
:
2
% Pressure loss at bit : 50% - 65%
Flowrate : 30 70 gpm/inc of diamater bit
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T.F.A Comparison Chart
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Pressure Loss Through
Surface Equipment
Surface equipment :
Stand pipe
Rotary Hose
Swivel
Kelly
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Equivalent Length
ComponentComb. 1 Comb. 2 Comb. 3 Comb. 4
ID,in L, ft ID,in L, ft ID,in L, ft ID,in L, ft
Standpipe 2 40 3.5 40 4 45 4 45
Rot. Hose 2 45 2.5 55 3 55 3 55
Swivel 2 4 2.5 5 2.5 5 3 5
Kelly 2.25 40 3.25 40 3.25 40 4 40
OD DP, in Equivalent Length, ft
3.5 437 161
4.25 761 479 340
5.0 816 579
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Equivalent Length
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Total Pressure Loss
Total pressure loss :
bsccdphdphdcdcdp PPPPPPPP ///
Paracitic pressure loss :
Pressure loss in the mud circulating equipment without bit
nozzle pressure loss.
sccdphdphdcdcdpp PPPPPPP ///
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Problem
The data given during circulation with 350 GPM are as follows :
Pressure loss on the surface line : 25 Psi
Pressure loss through DP : 300 Psi
Pressure loss through DC : 100 PsiPressure loss through Bit : 800 Psi
Pressure loss through DP and DC annulus : 100 Psi
Hydrostatic prsssure on bottom hole : 3500 Psi
Calculate :
The pump pressure ?
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Hydraulic Optimization
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Rules of Thumb
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Thank U...
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QUIZ
Drill pipe 5 OD, 4.275ID 7550 ft. Open hole 8.5. Casing 9-5/8
OD, 9.1 ID, Velocity through annulus between DP and hole is 3 fps,
mud viscosity is 30 cP, YP = 8 lb/100ft2 and MW = 11 ppg.
(friction factor = 0.005)
Calculate :
a. Mud velocity in DP ?
b. Critical velocity in DP?c. Predict the type of flowing in DP?
d. How much is the pressure loss in the DP?
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QUIZ
Drill pipe 5 OD, 4.275ID. Open hole 12.25. Velocity through
annulus between DP and hole is 3 fps, mud viscosity is 30 cP, YP =
8 lb/100ft2 and MW = 11 ppg.
Calculate :
a. Mud velocity in DP ?
b. Critical velocity in DP?
c. Predict the type of flowing in DP?
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The mud flow rate is 500 gpm. The nozzle size is 11 x 10 x 10, MW
= 10 ppg, coefficient of discharge = 0.95
Calculate :
How much is the pressure losses across the bit nozzle ?
Note :
An = total area of three nozzle= 3 x (/4) x (d/32)2 inch2