HICSS 36 On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views Presenter S.C. Cheung [email protected]...
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Transcript of HICSS 36 On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views Presenter S.C. Cheung [email protected]...
HICSS 36HICSS 36
On the e-Negotiation of On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsUnmatched Logrolling Views
Presenter Presenter S.C. Cheung S.C. Cheung [email protected]@cs.ust.hk
Department of Computer ScienceDepartment of Computer ScienceHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong University of Science and Technology
Co-authors Co-authors Patrick C.K. Hung Patrick C.K. Hung [email protected]@csiro.auDickson K.W. Chiu Dickson K.W. Chiu [email protected]@cse.cuhk.hk
22HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
OutlineOutline
IntroductionIntroduction
Motivating ExampleMotivating Example
Offers MakingOffers Making
Offers MatchingOffers Matching
Tradeoff EvaluationTradeoff Evaluation
Offer AcceptanceOffer Acceptance
e-Negotiation Process Modele-Negotiation Process Model
Conclusion & Future WorkConclusion & Future Work
33HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Contract Template & IssuesContract Template & IssuesSuccessful negotiation leads to a contract.Successful negotiation leads to a contract.Standard contract templates exist for common business Standard contract templates exist for common business interactions.interactions.
A contract template defines the scope of a contract and A contract template defines the scope of a contract and summarizes the issues to be negotiated.summarizes the issues to be negotiated.
… … This lease will start on <DATE> and last for <PERIOD> year(s). The This lease will start on <DATE> and last for <PERIOD> year(s). The property will be rented with/without* facilities. Tenant is required to pay property will be rented with/without* facilities. Tenant is required to pay landlord a monthly rent of <RENT>. The rent includes/excludes* the landlord a monthly rent of <RENT>. The rent includes/excludes* the management fee. …management fee. … Example of a lease contract templateExample of a lease contract template
Issues: DATE, PERIOD, RENT, facilities provision, management fee Issues: DATE, PERIOD, RENT, facilities provision, management fee inclusion, …inclusion, …
44HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
LogrollingLogrolling
Negotiation is an iterative process deciding Negotiation is an iterative process deciding acceptable values of these issues.acceptable values of these issues. In each iteration, a party performs tradeoff evaluation across In each iteration, a party performs tradeoff evaluation across
various issues and make offers/counter-offers.various issues and make offers/counter-offers. Tradeoff evaluation often requires logrolling – the exchange Tradeoff evaluation often requires logrolling – the exchange
of loss in some issues for gain in others.of loss in some issues for gain in others.
Problems:Problems: What if utility functions that precisely define tradeoff evaluation What if utility functions that precisely define tradeoff evaluation
are unavailable?are unavailable? What if each negotiation party adopts a different tradeoff What if each negotiation party adopts a different tradeoff
evaluation model, resulting in unmatched logrolling views?evaluation model, resulting in unmatched logrolling views? How to match unmatched logrolling views?How to match unmatched logrolling views? Can privacy of individual logrolling views be protected?Can privacy of individual logrolling views be protected?
55HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Motivating Example - LeaseMotivating Example - LeasePeriod Facilities
FacilitiesAllowance
Start Date
Basic Rent
Period
Facilities
Facilities Allowance
Start Date
Basic Rent
Landlord
Tenant
Mgt Fee
Mgt FeeAllowance
Mgt Fee
Mgt FeeAllowance
Logrolling Sets
Rent
Rent
f: { Rent = Basic Rent + Facilities Allowance + Mgt Fee Allowance }
Logrolling View
of T
enant
Logrolling View
of Landlord
66HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Logrolling View of LandlordLogrolling View of Landlord
The landlord’s primary concern is to let the flat The landlord’s primary concern is to let the flat as early as possible.as early as possible.Provision of facilities is negotiable subjected to a Provision of facilities is negotiable subjected to a longer lease and some increase in rent.longer lease and some increase in rent.The inclusion of estate management fee is The inclusion of estate management fee is negotiable subjected to some increase in rent.negotiable subjected to some increase in rent.
Period Facilities
FacilitiesAllowance
Start Date
Basic Rent
Landlord
Mgt Fee
Mgt FeeAllowance
Rent
77HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Logrolling View of TenantLogrolling View of Tenant
The tenant’s primary concern is to have a The tenant’s primary concern is to have a shorter lease, leaving flexibility for potential job shorter lease, leaving flexibility for potential job relocation.relocation.
Willing to pay a higher rent if facilities and/or Willing to pay a higher rent if facilities and/or estate management fee are included. estate management fee are included.
Period
Facilities
Facilities Allowance
Start Date
Basic Rent
Tenant
Mgt Fee
Mgt FeeAllowance
Rent
88HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
How to Evaluate Tradeoffs?How to Evaluate Tradeoffs?
Start Date Basic Rent
1M 19K
2M 20K
3M 21K
Facilities Period Facilities Allowance
Excluded 1 yr 0
Included 2 yrs 2K
Mgt Fee Mgt Fee Allowance
Excluded 0
Included 1K
LandlordPeriod Basic Rent
1 yr 18K
2 yrs 17K
Start Date Facilities Facilities Allowance
1M Included 2K
2M Included 2K
2M Excluded 0
3M Excluded 0
Mgt Fee Mgt Fee Allowance
Excluded 0
Included 1K
Tenant
logrollingsets
99HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Exchanging Offers in Unmatched ViewsExchanging Offers in Unmatched Views
Period Basic Rent 1 yr 18K 2 yrs 17K
Start Date Facilities Facilities Allowance
1M Included 2K 2M Included 2K 2M Excluded 0 3M Excluded 0
Mgt Fee Mgt Fee Allowance Excluded 0 Included 1K
Start Date Basic Rent 1M 19K 2M 20K 3M 21K
Facilities Period Facilities Allowance Excluded 1 yr 0 Included 2 yrs 2K
Mgt Fee Mgt Fee Allowance Excluded 0 Included 1K
Start Date Facilities Lease Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K
1M Excluded 1 yr Included 20K
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 21K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 22K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 20K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 21K
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 22K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 23K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 21K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 22K
3M Included 2 yrs Excluded 23K
3M Included 2 yrs Included 24K
Logrolling SetsOffer by means ofAggregated View
e-NegotiationSupport System (eNSS)
Negotiation Party
Negotiation Party
e-NegotiationSupport System (eNSS)
Start Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rentlandlord Renttenant Rentdiff=(Rentlandlord
- Renttenant)
1M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K N/A N/A
1M Excluded 1 yr Included 20K N/A N/A
1M Included 1 yr Excluded N/A 20K N/A
1M Included 1 yr Included N/A 21K N/A
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 21K 19K 2K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 22K 20K 2K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 20K 18K 2K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 21K 19K 2K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded N/A 17K N/A
2M Excluded 2 yrs Included N/A 18K N/A
2M Included 1 yr Excluded N/A 20K N/A
2M Included 1 yr Included N/A 21K N/A
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 24K 19K 5K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 25K 20K 5K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 21K 18K 3K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 22K 19K 3K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded N/A 17K N/A
3M Excluded 2 yrs Included N/A 18K N/A
3M Included 2 yrs Excluded 23K N/A N/A
3M Included 2 yrs Included 24K N/A N/A
Start Date Facilities Lease Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K
1M Excluded 1 yr Included 20K
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 21K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 22K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 20K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 21K
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 22K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 23K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 21K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 22K
3M Included 2 yrs Excluded 23K
3M Included 2 yrs Included 24K
Aggregated View Aggregated View
Logrolling Sets
Offer Matching Table
Logrolling Sets
Logrolling Sets
Tradeoff evaluationIn Logrolling View
Tradeoff evaluationIn Logrolling View
1010HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Construction of Aggregated ViewConstruction of Aggregated View
Given N logrolling sets LGiven N logrolling sets L11, L, L22, …, L, …, LNN
Aggregrated View = f(LAggregrated View = f(L11 x L x L22 x … x L x … x LNN))
Start Date Basic Rent 1M 19K
Facilities Period Facilities Allowance Excluded 1 yr 0
Mgt Fee Mgt Fee Allowance Excluded 0
3 entries in Logrolling sets Start Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K
f: Rent = Basic Rent + Facilities Allowance + Mgt Fee Allowance
An entry in aggregated view
Cartesian Product
1111HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Start Date Facilities Lease Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K
1M Excluded 1 yr Included 20K
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 21K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 22K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 20K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 21K
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 22K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 23K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 21K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 22K
3M Included 2 yrs Excluded 23K
3M Included 2 yrs Included 24K
Aggregated View due to LandlordAggregated View due to Landlord
Start Date Basic Rent 1M 19K 2M 20K 3M 21K
Facilities Period Facilities Allowance Excluded 1 yr 0 Included 2 yrs 2K
Mgt Fee Mgt Fee Allowance Excluded 0 Included 1K
Logrolling Sets of Landlord’s Offer
Aggregated View
1212HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Aggregated View due to TenantAggregated View due to TenantStart Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Included 1 yr Excluded 20K
1M Included 1 yr Included 21K
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 19K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 20K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 18K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 19K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded 17K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Included 18K
2M Included 1 yr Excluded 20K
2M Included 1 yr Included 21K
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 19K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 20K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 18K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 19K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded 17K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Included 18K
Period Basic Rent 1 yr 18K 2 yrs 17K
Start Date Facilities Facilities Allowance
1M Included 2K 2M Included 2K 2M Excluded 0 3M Excluded 0
Mgt Fee Mgt Fee Allowance Excluded 0 Included 1K
1313HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Offer Matching TableOffer Matching TableStart Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rentlandlord Renttenant Rentdiff=(Rentlandlord
- Renttenant)
1M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K N/A N/A
1M Excluded 1 yr Included 20K N/A N/A
1M Included 1 yr Excluded N/A 20K N/A
1M Included 1 yr Included N/A 21K N/A
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 21K 19K 2K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 22K 20K 2K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 20K 18K 2K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 21K 19K 2K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded N/A 17K N/A
2M Excluded 2 yrs Included N/A 18K N/A
2M Included 1 yr Excluded N/A 20K N/A
2M Included 1 yr Included N/A 21K N/A
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 24K 19K 5K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 25K 20K 5K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 21K 18K 3K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 22K 19K 3K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded N/A 17K N/A
3M Excluded 2 yrs Included N/A 18K N/A
3M Included 2 yrs Excluded 23K N/A N/A
3M Included 2 yrs Included 24K N/A N/A
Merging two aggregated
views
Start Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Included 1 yr Excluded 20K
1M Included 1 yr Included 21K
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 19K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 20K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 18K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 19K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded 17K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Included 18K
2M Included 1 yr Excluded 20K
2M Included 1 yr Included 21K
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 19K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 20K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 18K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 19K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded 17K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Included 18K
Start Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Included 1 yr Excluded 20K
1M Included 1 yr Included 21K
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 19K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 20K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 18K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 19K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded 17K
2M Excluded 2 yrs Included 18K
2M Included 1 yr Excluded 20K
2M Included 1 yr Included 21K
2M Included 2 yrs Excluded 19K
2M Included 2 yrs Included 20K
3M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 18K
3M Excluded 1 yr Included 19K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Excluded 17K
3M Excluded 2 yrs Included 18K
1414HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Tradeoff Evaluation by TenantTradeoff Evaluation by Tenant
Tradeoff evaluation is an Tradeoff evaluation is an iterative process.iterative process.
In each iteration, party picks In each iteration, party picks the most concerned logrolling the most concerned logrolling set which has not yet set which has not yet evaluated.evaluated.
Map entries in the offer Map entries in the offer matching table to the matching table to the logrolling set.logrolling set.
Period
Basic Rent
Period Basic Rent Min Difference 1 yr 18K 2K 2 yrs 17K 2K
Entries in the original logrolling setsupplied by Tenants
Minimum difference in each combination of template variablesin offer matching table
Most concerned logrolling set
1515HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Revision of Reservation PricesRevision of Reservation Prices
Revise reservation prices, if applicable.Revise reservation prices, if applicable.
Proceed to further tradeoff evaluation Proceed to further tradeoff evaluation based on an entry, which has or has not based on an entry, which has or has not been revised.been revised.
Period Basic Rent Min Difference 1 yr 18K 19K 2K 1K 2 yrs 17K 2K
1616HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Further Tradeoff EvaluationFurther Tradeoff Evaluation
Start Date Facilities Facilities Allowance Min Difference 1M Included 2K N/A 2M Included 2K N/A 2M Excluded 0 1K 3M Excluded 0 2K 1M Excluded N/A N/A 3M Included N/A N/A
Combinations not found in the original logrolling set
Combinations not found in counterparty’s offer
Possible options
Evaluation based on Period = 1 year and Basic Rent = 19K
1717HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Tradeoff Evaluation ScenarioTradeoff Evaluation Scenario
A scenario of tradeoff A scenario of tradeoff evaluation can be evaluation can be represented in a tree.represented in a tree.
A party evaluates A party evaluates his/her logrolling sets his/her logrolling sets in turn.in turn.
1818HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Tradeoff Evaluation ScenariosTradeoff Evaluation Scenarios
[M g t F e e = E xc lu d ed , M g t F ee A llo w an ce = 0 K ]
[M g t F e e = In clu d ed , M g t F ee A llo w an c e = 1 K ]
[S ta rt D a te = 1 M , Fa c ilit ies = Inc lu d ed , F a cilit ie s A llo w an c e = 2 K ] (cf. F ig u re 1 5 )
[P e riod = 1 yr, B a sic R e n t = 1 8K ] (cf. F ig u re 1 4 )
...
[P e rio d = 2 yr, B a s ic R e n t = 1 7 K ]
...
[S ta rt D a te = 2 M , F ac ilit ie s = In clu d e d , F a c ilitie s A llow a n ce = 2 K ]
...
[S ta rt D a te = 2 M , F ac ilit ie s = E xclu d e d , F a c ilitie s A llow a n c e = 0 K ]
...
A T rad e o ff E va lu a tio n S c en a rio (II)
Tim
e
A party may A party may arbitrarily change arbitrarily change its evaluation order its evaluation order of logrolling sets.of logrolling sets.A party evaluates A party evaluates tradeoff and tradeoff and revises its revises its reservation prices reservation prices based on their based on their individual logrolling individual logrolling views.views.
1919HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Candidate Acceptable OfferCandidate Acceptable OfferStart Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 20K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 21K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 20K
Successful negotiation results in a set of Successful negotiation results in a set of acceptable offersacceptable offersSelection of each offer leads to a contract.Selection of each offer leads to a contract. … … The lease will start on June 20, 2002 and last for The lease will start on June 20, 2002 and last for
two years. The property will be rented with facilities. two years. The property will be rented with facilities. Tenant is required to pay landlord a monthly rent of Tenant is required to pay landlord a monthly rent of $20,000. The rent excludes the management fee. …$20,000. The rent excludes the management fee. …
2020HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Candidate Acceptable OfferCandidate Acceptable OfferStart Date Facilities Period Mgt Fee Rent
1M Included 2 yrs Excluded 20K
1M Included 2 yrs Included 21K
2M Excluded 1 yr Excluded 19K
2M Excluded 1 yr Included 20K
The first acceptable offer represents The first acceptable offer represents Landlord compromises the rent (21KLandlord compromises the rent (21K20K) but enjoys 20K) but enjoys
the gain (1M early start date & 2 yrs long lease).the gain (1M early start date & 2 yrs long lease). Tenants compromises the lease period (1yrTenants compromises the lease period (1yr2yrs) but 2yrs) but
enjoys the gain (comfortable rent).enjoys the gain (comfortable rent).
This is a win-win situation after a logrolling process.This is a win-win situation after a logrolling process.
2121HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Negotiation ProcessNegotiation Process
select e-Contracttemplate
identifylogrolling issues
define issues and criteria
make offers &counter offers
validateconsistency
introduceauxiliary variables &
specify relations
[all issues have been mapped]
[consistent]
[inconsistent]
creation ofe-Contract
[reach consensus on all reservation prices]
[quit]
map issues tovariables
organizelogrolling views
2222HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
ConclusionConclusionWe have proposed a pragmatic approach to We have proposed a pragmatic approach to negotiation under unmatched logrolling views.negotiation under unmatched logrolling views.It does not require the use of utility functions and It does not require the use of utility functions and normative models.normative models.It does not require any exchanges of logrolling It does not require any exchanges of logrolling views between negotiation parties. This views between negotiation parties. This facilitates privacy of logrolling views, which facilitates privacy of logrolling views, which represents individual’s tradeoff evaluation represents individual’s tradeoff evaluation model.model.A prototype is being built based on the approach A prototype is being built based on the approach proposed.proposed.
2323HICSS36 - sccHICSS36 - scc On the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling ViewsOn the e-Negotiation of Unmatched Logrolling Views
Future WorkFuture Work
To investigate multi-lateral negotiations.To investigate multi-lateral negotiations.
To support changes of logrolling views during To support changes of logrolling views during negotiation.negotiation.
To apply the approach to other work [1,2,3,4,5]. To apply the approach to other work [1,2,3,4,5].
1. S.C. Cheung, Dickson K.W. Chiu and Sven Till, A Data-Driven Methodology to Extending Workflows to E-services over the Internet (HICSS-36), January 2003.
2. Dickson K.W. Chiu, S.C. Cheung and Sven Till, A Three Layer Architecture for E-Contract Enforcement in an E-Service Environment (HICSS-36), January 2003.
3. Dickson K.W. Chiu, Wesley C.W. Chan, Gary K.W. Lam, S.C. Cheung and Franklin T. Luk, An Event Driven Approach to Customer Relationship Management in e-Brokerage Industry (HICSS-36), January 2003.
4. Patrick C.K. Hung, A Primitive Study of Logrolling in e-Negotiation (HICSS-36), January 2003. 5. S.C. Cheung and Dickson K.W. Chiu, A Watermarking Infrastructure for Enterprise Document
Management (HICSS-36), January 2003.
Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers
[email protected]@cs.ust.hk
[email protected]@csiro.au
[email protected]@cse.cuhk.hk
Meta-modelMeta-model
TemplateVariable
Party NegotiationProcess
Accepted Reservation Price
ReservationPrice
makes
1..*
1..*
holds
1..*
1..*
*
1..*
2..*
involves
Issue1
Contract
AuxiliaryVariable
relates toVariable
Accepted Offer
maps to
Offer
e-Contract Conceptual
Model
e-Negotiation Conceptual
Model
1
1..*
1
**
resolves 1..*Task 1
Logrolling Set
Logrolling View
maps to 11