Population & Population & Settlement Settlement

RevisionRevisionPopulation & MigrationPopulation & Migration

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World Population DistributionWorld Population Distribution Reasons for population distributionReasons for population distribution Population distribution case studiesPopulation distribution case studies Population PyramidsPopulation Pyramids Population Change (includes Population Change (includes

keywords)keywords) MigrationMigration

World Population World Population Distribution Distribution

Population Distribution Population distribution means the pattern of

where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely

populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live. These are

usually places with hostile environments e.g. Antarctica. Places which are densely populated are

habitable environments e.g. Europe. Population Density

Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is an average number. Population density is calculated by

dividing the number of people by area. Population density is usually shown as the number of people

per square kilometre.

Reasons for differences - Reasons for differences - PhysicalPhysical

Physical Factors High Density Low Density

Relief (shape and height of land)

Low land which is flat e.g. Ganges Valley in India

High land that is mountainous e.g. Himalayas

Resources

Areas rich in resources (e.g. coal, oil, wood, fishing etc.) tend to densely populated e.g. Western Europe

Areas with few resources tend to be sparsely populated e.g. The Sahel

Climate

Areas with temperate climates tend to be densely populated as there is enough rain and heat to grow crops e.g. UK

Areas with extreme climates of hot and cold tend to be sparsely populated e.g. the Sahara Desert

Reasons - HumanReasons - HumanHuman Factors High Density Low Density

Political

Countries with stable governments tend to have a high population density e.g. Singapore

Unstable countries tend to have lower population densities as people migrate e.g. Afghanistan.

SocialGroups of people want to

live close to each other for security e.g. USA

Other groups of people prefer to be isolated e.g. Scandinavians

Economic

Good job opportunities encourage high population densities, particularly in large cities in MEDCs and LEDCs around the world.

Limited job opportunities cause some areas to be sparsely populated e.g. Amazon Rainforest

BrazilBrazil

JapanJapan

QuestionsQuestions Explain why any two areas of the world Explain why any two areas of the world

are densely populated, give reasons why are densely populated, give reasons why two other areas are sparsely populatedtwo other areas are sparsely populated

Why might it be misleading to give an Why might it be misleading to give an average figure for population density of a average figure for population density of a whole country, give two named examples.whole country, give two named examples.

To what extent do you think its true to say To what extent do you think its true to say that on a global scale physical factors are that on a global scale physical factors are more important than human factors in more important than human factors in influencing population density and influencing population density and distributiondistribution

Population Change Population Change http://math.berkeley.edu/~galen/phttp://math.berkeley.edu/~galen/popclk.htmlopclk.html

Change - WhyChange - Why

Keywords p75 revision guideKeywords p75 revision guide Birth RateBirth Rate Death RateDeath Rate Life ExpectancyLife Expectancy Infant MortalityInfant Mortality

Demographic Transition Demographic Transition ModelModel

StagesStages Stage 1Stage 1

Birth rate and death rate are high - low natural Birth rate and death rate are high - low natural increase - low total population increase - low total population

Stage 2 Stage 2 Birth rate is high - death rate is falling - high Birth rate is high - death rate is falling - high natural increase (population growth) natural increase (population growth)

Stage 3Stage 3Falling birth rate - low death rate - high natural Falling birth rate - low death rate - high natural increase (population growth) increase (population growth)

Stage 4Stage 4Birth rate and death rate is low - low natural Birth rate and death rate is low - low natural increase - high total population increase - high total population

The Demographic Transition Model does not take The Demographic Transition Model does not take into account migration. into account migration.

Population Pyramids Population Pyramids MEDCMEDC

Population Pyramid Population Pyramid LEDCLEDC

QuestionsQuestions

What is a Population Pyramid?What is a Population Pyramid? What features of a population What features of a population

pyramid for the UK suggests it is an pyramid for the UK suggests it is an MEDCMEDC

What is the dependency ratio?What is the dependency ratio? How is the ratio likely to be different How is the ratio likely to be different

in MEDCs and LEDCsin MEDCs and LEDCs

MigrationMigration What is migration?What is migration? Migration is the movement of people from Migration is the movement of people from

one place to another.one place to another.There are many different types of migration.There are many different types of migration.

Internal migrationInternal migration is when people migrate is when people migrate within the same country or region - for within the same country or region - for example, moving from London to Plymouth. example, moving from London to Plymouth.

International migrationInternational migration is when people is when people migrate from one country to another - for migrate from one country to another - for example, moving from Mexico to the USA. example, moving from Mexico to the USA.

Immigration/EmigrationImmigration/Emigration

There are two key migration terms There are two key migration terms that you need to learn:that you need to learn:

EmigrationEmigration is when someone leaves is when someone leaves a country. a country.

ImmigrationImmigration is when someone is when someone enters a country. enters a country.

Why MigrateWhy Migrate People migrate for many different reasons. These People migrate for many different reasons. These

reasons can be classified as either reasons can be classified as either economiceconomic, , socialsocial, , politicalpolitical or or environmentalenvironmental::

Economic migration may involve moving to find work Economic migration may involve moving to find work or follow a particular career path. or follow a particular career path.

Social migration may involve moving somewhere for Social migration may involve moving somewhere for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends. friends.

If someone is a political migrant they may be moving If someone is a political migrant they may be moving to escape political persecution or war. to escape political persecution or war.

Environmental causes of migration include natural Environmental causes of migration include natural disasters such as flooding. disasters such as flooding.

Some people Some people choosechoose to migrate, some are to migrate, some are forcedforced to to migratemigrate

Push and pull factors are Push and pull factors are often used to explain why often used to explain why

people migrate: people migrate: Push factorsPush factors are the reasons why people are the reasons why people

leave an area, ie what pushes them away leave an area, ie what pushes them away from their home. Push factors include: from their home. Push factors include: lack of services,lack of services, lack of safety,lack of safety, high crime,high crime, crop failure,crop failure, drought,drought, flooding,flooding, poverty and war. poverty and war.

Pull factors are the reasons why people move Pull factors are the reasons why people move to a particular area, ie what pulls them to a to a particular area, ie what pulls them to a

new place. Pull factors include: new place. Pull factors include:

higher employment,higher employment, more wealth,more wealth, better services,better services, good climate,good climate, safer,safer, less crime,less crime, political stability,political stability, more fertile land,more fertile land, lower risk from natural hazards. lower risk from natural hazards.

Case StudiesCase Studies

Describe the reasons why mexicans have Describe the reasons why mexicans have migrated, especially those living in villagesmigrated, especially those living in villages

How important is illegal migration?How important is illegal migration? What sorts of jobs do migrant workers What sorts of jobs do migrant workers

occupy?occupy? What are the reasons why labour was What are the reasons why labour was

needed in Germany after 1945?needed in Germany after 1945? Where did people move from to come to Where did people move from to come to

Germany?Germany?