FLORIDA’S HF RADAR NEEDS AS PART OF A COORDINTED COASTAL OBSERVING SYSTEM

Clifford R. Merz1, Robert H. Weisberg1, Yonggang Liu1,

Lynn K. (Nick) Shay2

1University of South Florida ,College of Marine Science 140 7th Ave South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701

2Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami

4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149

Integrated HF Radar Network in the Gulf of Mexico Monday October 27, 2014

2-4 pm Webinar

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WFS-FC-GS Linkages: Impacts on Ecosystems What happen in the Gulf does not stay in the Gulf! - may affect

ecosystems along the entire SE.

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Drifter Trajectories between 1978 - 2013 [Figure courtesy R. Lumpkin. Data source: www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/index.php]

US HF Radar Network

• Operated by > 30 institutions and used by > 40 government/private entities for:

• Coast Guard: Search &Rescue: Oil spill •  Water Quality; Criminal Forensics

•  Commercial marine navigation • Harmful algal blooms

•  Marine fisheries •  Emerging – Tsunami

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Existing Operational HF Radar Sites In Florida

•  Quality control - Radar level •  Radial velocity level and Total vector velocity level

•  1, 2, 6 km data

Univ. of San Diego’s/Scripps Institution of Oceanography Coastal Observing Research and Development Center (CORDC)

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Existing Combined USF/CMS HF Radar/Mooring Network Test Bed

The USF/COMPS/Ocean Circulation Group (OCG) presently operates:

•  Three (3) LR SeaSonde CODAR (1 RX

and 1 TX Antenna, Direction Finding) Systems [Redington Shores 2003,

Venice 2004, and Naples 2005, Florida];

•  Two (2) WERA (12 RX antenna and between 1-4 TX antenna, Phased Array)

Systems [Ft De Soto, Venice] on the WFS since 2010.

•  With the Venice site containing the only co-located and operational CODAR and

WERA systems in the US.

The USF CODAR HF radar systems currently operate at 4.90 MHz and the

WERA HF radar systems operate between 12.275 – 13.20 MHz, with a

higher resolution coverage area within the larger CODAR footprint.

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Example of USF Test Bed Data Results

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Comparison of (a),(c) hourly and (b),(d) 36-h low-pass filtered CODAR and ADCP radial current time series at mooring C10 for (top) RdSr, and (bottom) Veni sites. Statistics are shown in the top-right corner of each panel: rmsd, r2, b, and c, with their 95% confidence levels in the parentheses estimated following Emery and Thompson (2001, p. 253). Fig. 4*

Comparison of (a),(c) hourly and (b),(d) 36-h low-pass filtered WERA and ADCP radial current time series at mooring C10 for (top) FtDs, and (bottom) Veni sites. Statistics are shown in the top-right corner of each panel: rmsd, r2, b, and c, with their 95% confidence levels in the parentheses estimated following Emery and Thompson (2001, p. 253). Fig. 7*

*Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, 1363–1382, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00107.1, May 2014

Real-Time Performance – Sample CODAR Surface Current Field

•  HF Radar observational challenges on the WFS are

sometimes manifested in low data returns, especially in the

summer, where the low energy environment and its

corresponding lack of sufficient wave energy in the band

necessary for Bragg scattering at the selected transmitted

frequency. •  However, when energy is

present like during a storm event, the returns are strong as shown

in the following plots.

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Submesoscale Vorticies (Jan 05) From WERA

Surface Current and Wave Response to Hurricane Jeanne (2004) (Wave Analysis Provided by Lucy Wyatt)

In Gulf and SE Must Hurricane Proof Sites!

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SECOORA/GCOOS HF Radar Gap Analysis Build Out Plan

FLORIDA SITE SUMMARY (Operated by Sub-regional groups of Academic Based Operators)

Coastal HF Radar Sites: 10 Existing Sites and 24 Proposed New Sites. ü  Total (24) Coastal HF Radar Capital (@250K) Cost : $6 Million

ü  Total (34) Coastal HF Radar Operation and Maintenance (@$45k/yr.) Cost : $1.53 Million

Major Ports (JAX, PC, EVR, MI, TPA @ 2/port): 10 Proposed New Sites. ü  Total (10) Major Ports HF Radar Capital (@250K) Cost : $2.5 Million

ü  Total (10) Coastal HF Radar Operation and Maintenance (@$45k/yr.) Cost : $0.45 Million

Figure courtesy of S. Watson and V. Subramanian. Data Source: http://gcoos.tamu.edu/?p=8229.

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HF Radar is One element of a Coastal Ocean Observing System (COOS). Coastal ocean ecology is governed by the 3D circulation, and this requires

moorings, glider/profilers, models, and other elements along with HF Radar. Only a comprehensive COOS will support:

»  Oil spill tracking and prediction efforts. »  HAB tracking and prediction efforts. »  Search and Rescue (SAR) Operations. »  Commercial and Recreational Fishing needs. »  Safe and Efficient Navigation.

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Conceptual USF Coordinated Phased Growth Plan Conceptual USF Coordinated Phased Growth Plan

Recent USF HF Radar Publications •  Merz, C.R., Liu, Y., Gurgel, K-W., Petersen, L., and Weisberg, R. H. Effect of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)

Noise Energy on WERA Performance Using the “Listen Before Talk” Adaptive Noise Procedure. Coastal Ocean Observing Systems: Advances and Syntheses, Elsevier Publisher, Awaiting publication.

•  Dzvonkovskaya, A., Merz, C.R., Liu, Y., Weisberg, R.H., Helzel, T., and Petersen, L. Initial Surface Current Measurements on the West Florida Shelf Using WERA HF Ocean Radar with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Synthetic Aperture. Proc. of MTS/IEEE OCEANS’14, Newfoundland, Canada, September 2014.

•  Dzvonkovskaya, A., Helzel, T., Petersen, L., Merz, C. R., Liu, Y., and Weisberg, R. H. Initial Results of Ship Detection and Tracking Using WERA HF Ocean Radar with MIMO Configuration. Radar Symposium, pp. 1-3, doi:10.1109/IRS.2014.6869265, June 2014.

•  Liu, Y., Weisberg, R.H., and Merz, C.R. Assessment of CODAR Seasonde and WERA HF radars in mapping surface currents on the West Florida Shelf. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, 1363–1382, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00107.1, May 2014.

•  Gomez, R., Helzel, T., Peterson, L., Merz, C., Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. Real-time Quality Control of Current Velocity Data on Individual Grid Cells in WERA HF Radar. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2014 Conference Proceedings, Taipei, Taiwan, April 2014.

•  Merz, C.R., Weisberg, R.H., Liu, Y., Evolution of the USF/CMS CODAR and WERA HF Radar Network. MTS/IEEE Oceans 2012 Conference Proceedings, Hampton Roads, VA. pp. 1-5, October 2012.

•  Liu, Yonggang, Weisberg, R.H., Vignudelli, S., Roblou, L., Merz, C.R., Evaluation of the X-TRACK Coastal Altimetry Estimated Currents with Moored ADCP and HF radar Observations on the West Florida Shelf, Advances in Space Research, Elsevier, September 2011. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117711006776).

•  Liu, Yonggang, Weisberg, R.H., Merz, C.R., Lichtenwalner, S., Kirkpatrick, G.J., HF Radar Performance in a Low-Energy Environment: CODAR SeaSonde Experience on the West Florida Shelf, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Volume 27, pp 1689-1710, October 2010.

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Recent UM HF Radar Publications •  Archer, M., , L. K. Shay, and J. Martinez, 2014: Evaluation of surface wave and current measurements from a high frequency

radar using an in-situ mooring. IEEE OES 11th Current Waves and Turbulence Measurement Workshop, St. Petersburg, FL, 2-6 March, 2015, (Extended abstract: submitted).

•  Archer, M., L. K. Shay and J. Martinez-Pedraja, 2014: Sensing oceanic cyclones and anticyclones across a western boundary current using WERA high frequency radars. Asian Oceanic and Geophysics Society, 28 Jul- 4 Aug, Sapporo, Japan (Abstract).

•  Archer, M. R, L. Shay, B. Jaimes and J. Martinez-Pedraja, 2014: Observing frontal instabilities of the Florida Current using high frequency radar. . Coastal Ocean Observing Systems: Advances and Syntheses, Elsevier Publisher, Submitted.

•  Haus, B. K., L. K. Shay, P. Work, G. Voulgaris, R. J. Ramos, and J. Martinez-Pedraja. 2010: Wind speed dependence of single site wave height retrievals from high frequency radars. J. Atmos. Oceanogr. Tech., 27, 1381-1394.

•  Martinez-Pedraja, J., L. K. Shay, B. K. Haus and C. Whelan, 2013: Interoperability of SeaSonde and Wellen Radars in mapping surface currents. J. Atmos. Oceanogr. Tech., 30, 2662-2675.

•  Parks, A. B., L. K. Shay, W. E. Johns, J. Martinez-Pedraja, and K.-W. Gurgel. 2009: HF radar observations of small-scale surface current variability in the Straits of Florida, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C08002, doi:10.1029/2008JC005025. •  Shay, L. K., 2013; Resolving submesoscale surface current variability along a western boundary current by HF radar. Gordon Research Conference on Coastal Ocean Circulation, 9-14 June, University of New England, Biddeford, MN, (Invited Abstract). •  Shay, L. K., J. Martinez-Pedraja, B. K. Haus, and C. Whelan, 2013: Combining SeaSonde and WERA high frequency radars to map coastal ocean circulation. Asian Oceanic and Geophysics Society, 24-28 June, Brisbane, Australia (Abstract). •  Shay, L. K., and J. Martinez-Pedraja , 2014: Coastal ocean current and wave response to hurricane Jeanne using high

frequency radar: Implications for storm surge modeling. World Meteorological Organization, International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones Landfall Processes-3, Jeju Island, South Korea, 2 -10 December 2014, Extended abstract (8pp.) Accepted.

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Thank you.

Questions?

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