Russian Journal of Herpetology Vol. 9, No. 2, 2002, pp. 81 - 104

HERPETOFAUNA OF VIETNAM, A CHECKLIST. PART I. AMPHIBIA

Nikolai L. ~ r l o v , ' Robert W. ~ u r ~ h ~ : Natalia B. ~nanjeva, ' Sergei A. ~ ~ a b o v : and Ho Thu cuc4

Submitted May 9, 2002.

All the species of amphibians and reptiles of Vietnam including new records and recently described spe- cies are listed in the checklist. At present the fauna of amphibians of Vietnam includes 147 species which divided into 35 genera and 9 families.

Key words: Amphibia, Vietnam, checklist.

INTRODUCTION Distribution. Yunnan and Hubei provinces, China and northwestern Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces).

During the last decade interest in the fauna of ~ ~ d ~ ~ h i ~ ~ , and vietnam in particular, has been [Tian and Hu, 1985; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Ye

et a]., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, intensive. Bourret (1942) listed 78 species of Viet- 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al,, 20001, namese amphibians; Nguyen and Ho (1996) indi- cated 82 species; and 1nge; et al. (1999)'en-erated 100 species. At present, Vietnam is known to have Family Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850 147 species of amphibians divided into 35 genera and

Brachytarsophrys Tian et Hu, 1983 9 families, plus several undescribed species. The checklist, Part I of the Herpetofauna of Vietnam, a Brachytarsophrys feae (Boulenger, 1887).

checklist, summarizes the diversity of Vietnamese Megalo~hQ'sfEae A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus.

amphibians. Future lists will summarize the diversity Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva. Ser. 2, 4 3 12.

of reptiles. Type locality. East of Bhamo, Kakhien Hills, Upper Burma (= northern Myanmar).

Class Amphibia Linnaeus, 1758 Distribution. Northern Myanmar; northern Vietnam; Order Anura Rafinesquue, 1815 and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (Xizang Autonomous Region, Family Bombinatoridae Gray, 1825 Sichuan and Yunnan provinces), China.

Bombina Oken, 1816. [Taylor, 1962; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois. 1980; Frost, 1985;

Bombina microdeladigitora Liu, Hu et Yang, 1960 Ye et al., 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; ~ h a o and yang, 1997; ~ a o and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov

Bombina microdeladigitora C.-C. Liu, S.-Q. Hu, and ,I,, 20001, F.-H. Yang 1960, Acta Zool. Sinica, 12(2), 157.

Type locality. Huang-tsiao-ling (= Huangcaoling), Ching-tung (= Jingdong County), Yunnan province, China; 2240 m.

Brachytarsophrys intermedius (Smith, 1921) Megalophiys intermedius M. A. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1921,439.

' Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitet- skaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: azemiops@zin.ru

Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal On- tario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada. E-mail: amyl@rom.on.ca (Amy Lathrop); drbob@rom.on.ca (Robert W. Murphy)

Tula Exotarium, Oktyabr'skaya ul., 26, Tula 300002, Russia. E-mail: rept@tula.net

Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; Nghia Do, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Type locality. Langbian (= Lang-Bian) Plateau (Lam Dong province), Southern Annam, Vietnam; 1500 m.

Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Dac Lac, Gia Lai, and Kon Tum provinces).

Note. Specimens from Buon Luoi (area of Kon Ha Nyng), indicated as Braclz~vtarsophlys carinensis (Inger et all., 1999) must be assigned to Brachvtarsophlys intermedius.

[Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1980; Frost, 1985; Rao and Yang, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

1026-2296/2002/0902-0081 O 2002 Folium Publishing Company

82 Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838 Leptobrachium banae Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998. Leptobrachium banae A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy, N. L. Orlov, and C. T. Ho, 1998, Russ. J. Herpetol., 5(1), 58 - 59.

Type locality. Gia Lai province, Vietnam (14O20'29" N, 108O28'46" E, 850 m, forested hills about 2 km to the east of KO Rong village, Kannack district, Gia Lai province).

Distribution. known only from the type locality from Tay-Nguyen Plateau in the southern part of Annam. [Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Leptobrachium chapaense (Bourret, 1937). Megophys hasseltii chapaensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 4(14), 18 - 20.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin, 1500 m (Lao Cai province, Vietnam).

Distribution. Southeastern mountain regions of Ton- kin and northern Annam (Vietnam); Hengduan Shan Mountains (Yunnan, China); northern Laos; northern Thai- land; Karin region of Myanmar; western Meghalaya (India).

Note. The type species of Leptobrachiurn is Leptobra- chiurn hasseltii [type locality: "Java," Indonesia; designa- ted lectotype by Dubois and Ohler, 19981. Leptobrachiurn hasseltii occurs only on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo (Indonesia); the Philippine form is not conspe- cific with that from Java [Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Durneri- lia, 4(1):24]. Specimens from Vietnam; China (Yunnan and Guangxi); India; Laos; Myanmar and Thailand previ- ously assigned to L. hasseltii must be refrred to L. chapaen- se. Leplobrachiurn hainanense Ye et Fei, 1993 occurs on Hainan Island only. [Bourret, 1937, 1939, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1980; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Dubois and Ohler, 1998; Lathrop et al., 1998; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Leptobrachium pullum (Smith, 1921) Megalophrys hasseltii var. pullus M. A. Smith, 192 1, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1921,440.

Type locality. Arbre Broyi [Lang Biang (= Lang Bian Plateau), Lam Dong province, southern Annam, Vietnam].

Distribution. Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, and southern Vietnam [Lang Bian Mountain Plateau (Lam Dong prov- ince, southern Annam)].

Note. Specimens of L. pullum from Buon Luoi Vil- lage, Kannack District, Gia Lai province (Inger et al., 1999, pp. 4-5) are Leptobrachiurn xanthospilurn.

[Bourret, 1939, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1980, 1983; lnger, 1983; Manthey and Grossmann, 1997; Dubois and Ohler, 1998; Lathrop et al., 1998a; lnger et al., 1999; Matsui et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Leptobrachium xanthospilum Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998 Leptobrachium xanthospilum A. Lathrop, R. W. Mur- phy, N. L. Orlov, and C. T. Ho, 1998, Russ. J. Herpe- tol., 5(1), 57 - 58.

Type locality. Gia Lai province, Vietnain (14'20'29" N, 108'28'46" E, 850 in) [forested hills about 2 km to the east of KO Rong Village, Kannack District, Gia Lai province].

Distribution. Known only from Gia Lai province, southern Vietnam. [Lathrop et al., 1998; lnger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et a]., 2000.1

Leptolalax Dubois, 1980 Leptolalax bourreti Dubois, 1983. Leptolalax bourreti A. Dubois, 1983, Alytes, 2(4), 150 - 151.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Vietnam, 220211N, 103"501 E.

Distribution. Northern Vietnam. [Bourret. 1942; Dubois, 1980; Dubois, 1983; Nguyen and Ho, 1996: Frost. 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et a]., 20001.

Leptolalax nahangensis Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998 Leptolalax nahangensis A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy, N. L. Orlov, and C. T. Ho, 1998, Amphibia-Reptilia, 19,260 - 266.

Type locality. 7 km to east of of Pac Ban village (22O19'94" N, 105"25'79" E, 314 m), Na Hang Nature Re- serve, Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam.

Distribution. Tuyen Quang province, northern Vietnam. [Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001

Leptolalaxpelodytoides (Boulenger, 1893) Leptobrachitrrn pelodytoides G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 2(13), 345.

Type locality. Thao, Karin Bia-Po, Karin Hills, Burma (= Myanmar); restricted to Thao, by lectotype designation.

Distribution. Hong Kong, Yunnan, Sichuan, Zhej- iang, Guangxi, and Fujian provinces (China), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia (Malaya Peninsula). [Boulenger, 1893, 1908; Pope, 1931; Pope and Boring, 1940; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1980,1981, 1983; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Lathrop et al., 1998b; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et a]., 20001.

Leptolalaxpluvialis Ohler, Marquis, Swan et Grosjean, 2000 Leptolalax pluvialis A. Ohler, 0 . Marquis, S. Swan, and S. Grosjean, 2000, Herpetozoa, 13(1/2), 74, 76 - 78.

Type locality. Fan Si Pan mountain range (22'19' N, 103'47' E, 1900 m), Lao Cai province, Vietnam.

Distribution. Known from Lao Cai province, north- western Vietnam. [Orlov et al., 20001.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amph

Leptolalax sungi Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov et Ho, 1998 Leptolalax sungi A. Lathrop, R. W. Murphy, N. L. Or- lov and C. T. Bo, 1998, Amphibia-Reptilia, 19, 254 - 260.

Type locality. Tam Dao (21'27'31" N, 105O38'61" E, elevation 925 m), Vinh Phu province, Vietnam.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality. [Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 2000.1

Leptolalax tuberosus Inger, Orlov et Darevsky, 1999 Leptolalax tuberosus R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana Zool., 92, 5 - 7.

Type locality. Kon Cha Rang mountain area, An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam (14'20' N, 108'28' E, 1000 - 1200 m).

Distribution. Known only on the southern part of Tay-Nguyen Plateau, southern Vietnam. [Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Megophrys Kuhl et van Hasselt, 1822 Megophrys brachykolos Inger et Romer, 1961 Megophrys brachykolos R. F. Inger and J. D. Romer, 196 1, Fieldiana Zool., 39, 533-538.

Type locality. The Peak (= Shan Teng), Hong Kong Island, 300 - 400 m, China.

Distribution. Hong Kong and Lantau islands and adja- cent peninsula on mainland China; northeastern Vietnam. [Inger and Romer, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999: Orlov et a].. 20001.

Megophrys jingdoilgensis Fei et Ye, 1983 Megophrys jingdongensis L. Fei and C.-Y. Ye, 1983, in L. Fei, C.-Y. Ye and Y.-Z. Huang, Acta Herpetol. Sinica. New Ser., 2(2), 5 1 .

Type locality. Jingdong County, Yunnan province, China; 2600 m.

Distribution. Yunnan, China; northwestern Vietnam (Lao Cai province).

Note. Some authors consider this form a subspecies of Megophrys omeimontis jingdongensis. [Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Megophrys kuatirrtertsis (Pope, 1927) Megalophrys kuatunensis C. H. Pope, 1929, Am. Mus. Novitates, 352, 1-2.

Type locality. Kuatun (= Guadun) Village, Chungan Hsien (= Choangan), northwestern Fukien (= Fujian) prov- ince, China; 5500 - 6000 feet (1670 - 1830 m).

Distribution. Fujian, Hunan and Zhejiang, China; northern Vietnam.

Note. Closely related to Megophrys boettgeri and Megophrys minor, according to Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nut. Hist., 61,444. [Pope, 1931; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Orlov et al., 20001.

Megophrys lateralis (Anderson, 1871) Ixalus lateralis J . Anderson, 187 1, J. Asiat. Soc. Ben- gal, 40(2), 29.

Type locality. Western Yunnan (China) by D. R. Frost, 1985, Amphibian Species of the World: 415. (The type locality is not defined since Anderson visited Yunnan province in China as well as Burma (= Myanmar) where this species is known [Zhao and Adler, 19931.

Distribution. China Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, and Hong Kong provinces; eastern India; Bangla- desh; Myanmar; Laos; Northern Thailand; Vietnam.

Note. Fei and Ye (2000) stated that in the original de- scription of Ixalus laterails Anderson did not include obvi- ous Megophys-like characters, suggesting the description was not of a Megophys, but Philautus, of which Ixalus is a junior synonym. They propose the species name, Mego- phys lateralis, be returned to an earlier synonym, Mego- phys major Boulenger 1908. [Bourret, 1937, 1942; Pope and Boring, 1940; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Duna, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Fei, 1999; Fei and Ye, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001

Megophrys longipes Boulenger, 1886 "1885" Megalophrys longipes G. A. Boulenger, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1885,850.

Type locality. The mountains of Perak, Straits of Ma- lacca, Malaysia (Malaya), 3300 feet (1000 m).

Distribution. Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia (Ma- laya), Laos and Vietnam. [Bourret, 1942; Pope, 1931; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Orlov et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Megophrys minor Stejneger, 1926 Megophrys minor L. Stejneger, 1926, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 39, 53.

Type locality. Kwanhsien (= Guan Xian, now Duj- iangyan Shi), 55 km northwest of Chengtu (= Chengdu), Szeshwan (= Sichuan) province, China, 3000 feet (915 m). "On mountain, about 3000 feet (915 m) altitude, above Kwanghsien, 55 km northwest of Chengtu [= Chengdu], Szechwan [= Sichuan], China."

Distribution. Guizhou, Xizang (= Tibet), Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangxi, China; northwestern Vietnam. [Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Megophrys pachyproctus Huang, 1981 Megophrys pachyproctus Y.-Z. Huang, 198 1, in Y.-Z. Huang and L. Fei, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 6(2), 1-3.

Type locality. Gelin of Medo Xian (= Medog County), Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), China; 1530 m.

Distribution. From the type locality and northwestern Vietnam.

Note. See in Ophryophrynepachyprocta. [Frost, 1985, 2000; Duellmann, 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Huang et al., 1998; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

84 Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Megophrys palpebralespinosa Bourret, 1937 Megophiys palpebralespinosa R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Irzstr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 16.

Type locality. Chapa, Tonkin (Vietnam). Distribution. Northern Vietnam; Yunnan, China.

[Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20001.

Megophryspawa (Boulenger, 1893) Leptobrachium pawum G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova, 2(13), 344.

Type locality. Karin Bia-Po, Yado, Burma (= Myan- mar), [designated by L. 0. Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova, 69,2 1 11.

Distribution. Central and eastern Nepal; Sikkim, Dar- jeeling (West Bengal), Assam and Meghalaya (India); Ban- gladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; southern Xizang Auto- nomus Region (= Tibet) and Yunnan (China); northwestern Vietnam. [Boulenger, 1908; Bourret, 1942; Capocaccia, 1957; Liu and Hu, 1961; Duhois, 1982; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Shah, 1995; Dutta, 1997; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Oph-ryophryne Boulenger, 1903 ~ ~ h r y o ~ h r y n e microstoma Boulenger, 1903 Ophryophryne microstoma G. A. Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 12(7), 187.

Type locality. Man-Son (= Mao-Son) Mountains (Lang Son province), Tonkin, Vietnam; 3000 - 4000 feet (915- 1220111).

Distribution. Central and Northern Vietnam (southern border of distribution in Dac Lac and Lam Dong prov- inces); Southern Yunnan and Guangxi, China. [Liu and Hu, 1962; Yang et al., 1991; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20001.

Ophryophrynepachyproctus Kou, 1985 Ophryophryne pachyproctus Z.-T. Kou, 1985, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, 4, 4 1.

Type locality. Zhushihe, Mengla County, Yunnan province, China; 1000 m.

Distribution. Southwestern China and northern Viet- nam. Reported to be present in northern and eastern Laos.

Note. Ophiyophiynepachyproctus Kou, 1985 is a ju- nior homonym of Megophrys pachyproctus Huang, 198 1 [Duellman (1993) considers Ophiyophryne a subgenus of Megophiys, suggested by Dubois (1980). Further he con- siders in connection with distinct generic status the both names as acceptable]. We consider Megophiys and Oph- iyophiyne as distinct genera and accordingly 0. pachy- proctus and M. pachyproctus as valid names of two differ-

Ophryophrynepoilatli Bourret, 1937 Ophryoph~yne poilani R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 8.

Type locality. Dong-Tam-Ve (Quang Tri province, central Annam), Vietnam; 800 m.

Distribution. Known only from Vietnam in the central and southern part of the Annam mountains and Tay- Nguyen Plateau at the elevations between 600 and 1500 m (Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Quang Tri provinces); reported to occur also the adjacent part of Chyong Shon range (= An- nam mountains) in eastern Laos and northeastern mountain regions of Cambodia. [Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Duellman, 1993; Inger et al.. 1999; Orlov et al., 20001.

Hbrissaphora Liu, 1945 Hbrissaphora ailaonica Yang, Chen et Ma, 1983 Vibrissaphora ailaonica D.-T. Yang, H.-J. Chen, and D.-S. Ma, 1983, in D.-T. Yang, D.-S. Ma, H.-J. Chen, and F.-L. Li, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 8, 325-327.

Type locality. Xujiaba, Mount Ailao, Jingdong County, Yunnan, China; 2400 m.

Distribution. Yunnan, China, and northwestern Viet- nam. [Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dubois and Ohler. 1998; Fei, 1999; Ho et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000 (as Lepto- brachium echinatum); Orlov et al., 20001.

Family Bufonidae Gray, 1825

Bufo Laurenti, 1768 Bufo asper Gravenhorst, 1829 Bufo asper Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1, 58.

Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Southern Myanmar; Malaya Peninsula

(Thailand and Malaysia); Sumatra, Borneo and Java (Ma- laysia and Indonesia); discovered in southern Vietnam on the border of Gia Lai and Dac Lac provinces to the north- west of Plei Tung Thang Town at approximately 700 m; apparently, reported to occur in southern Laos and Cambodia. [Taylor, 1962; Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1966, 1972; Berry, 1975; Frost. 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1996; Manthey und Grossmann, 1997; Rao et al., 1998; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Bufo cryptotympatricus Liu et Hu, 1962 Bufo cryptotymparzicus C.-C. Liu and S.-Q. Hu, 1962, Acta Zool. Sinica, 14 (Suppl.), 87.

Type locality. San-men of Hua-ping, Lung-shen-hsien (= Longsheng County), Kwangsi (= Guangxi), China; 870 m.

Distribution. Southern China and northern Vietnam. [Hu et al., 1984; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 20001.

ent taxa. [Duhois, 1990; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993;

Bufo galeatus Giinther, 1864

Duellman, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov Bufo galeatus A. Giinther, 18643 Reptiles of British et al., 20001. India, London:42 1.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia 85

Holotype. BM 1947.2.2 1.13 (formerly 60.8.28.25). Type locality. Gamboja (= Cambodia). Distribution. Indochina and Hainan Island (China).

[Bourret, 1942; Hu et al., 1984; Zhao and Adler; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Liu et a]., 2000; Ziegler and Herrmann, 20001.

Bufo macrotis Boulenger, 1887 Bufo macrotis G. A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Getzova. Ser. 2, No. 5, 422.

Type locality. Bhamo, Teinzb, and Me-tan-ja in the Kakhien Hills, Burma (= Myanmar). Restricted to Teinzh by lectotype designation (Capacaccia, 1957).

Distribution. Indochina. [Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799 Bufo melatzostictus J. G. Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph., Jena, l , 2 16.

Type locality. "India orientali." Distribution. Southwestern and southern China in-

cluding Taiwan and Hainan, throughout southern Asia to Sri Lanka and Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bali (Indonesia). [Okada, 1931; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Hu et al., 1984, 1985; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et a]., 1993; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Liu et al., 2000; Ziegler and H e m a m , 2000; Semenov, 20011.

Bufopageoti Bourret, 1937 Bufo pageoti R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Itzstr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 9.

Type locality. Tonkin: Fan-Si-Pan, 2500 m, (pr6s Chapa, province de Laokay) [Sa Pa District, Lao Cai prov- ince, Vietnam].

Distribution. Northern Vietnam. [Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.

Species of Bufo genus doubtfully reported from Vietnam

Bufo andrewsi Schmidt, 1925 Bufo andrewsi K. P. Schmidt, 1925, Am. Mus. Novitates, 175, 1

Type locality. Likiang, Yunnan province, China; 8500 feet (2590 m).

Distribution. Southwestern China: Sichuan and Yun- nan northward to Shaanxi and Henan; also reported from Zhejiang and Guangxi provinces. There is a report about discovery in northern Vietnam.

Note. It is likely that Bufo andrewsi record from northwestern Vietnam was based on the erroneous determi- nation an possibly refers to Bufo cryptotvmpanicus. [Hu et al., 1984; Matsui, 1986; Borkin and Matsui, 1987 "1986"; lnger et al., 1990; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Macey et al., 1998; Frost, 20001.

Bufo tienhoensis Bourret, 1937 Bufo tienhoensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 11.

Type locality. Tonkin: Col de Tien-Ho, sur la route de Hanoi a Langson (= Lang Son province) [Vietnam]; 300 m.

Distribution. Northern Vietnam. Note. Considered as junior synonym of Bufo melano-

stictus by Dubois and Ohler (1999).

[Bourret, 1937; Bourret, 1912; Frost, 1985; Frost, 20001.

Family Hylidae Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily Hylinae Rafinesque, 1815

Hyla Laurenti, 1768 Hyla annectans (Jerdon, 1870) Pokpeclates annectans T. C. Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asi- atic Soc. Bengal, 1870, 84.

Type locality. Khasi Hills, Assam, India. Distribution. Southern Asia from southeastern Hima-

layas region (India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, and Meghalaya) through northern Burma and Thailand to Vietnam and southern China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, and Guangxi provinces).

[Bourret, 1942; Pope, 1931; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Inger et al., 1990; Ye et al., 1993; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Chanda, 1994: Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.

Hyla chinensis Giinther, 1859 Hyla arborea var. chinensis A. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London, p. 108.

Type locality. China; given by Boulenger, 1582, Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London, p. 382, as "China," "Formosa," and "Chusan?."

Distribution. Central and southeastern China includ- ing Taiwan, northward to Henan; northern Vietnam.

[Pope, 1931; Okada, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 19991.

Hyla simplex Boettger, 1901 Hyla chinensis var. simplex 0. Boettger, 1901, Ber. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Gesellsch., 1901(2), 53.

Type locality. Phuc-Son (= Phuc San, Ha Tinh prov- ince), Annam, Vietnam.

Distribution. Southern China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Hainan Island); Vietnam and northeastern Laos.

[Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ziegler und Weitcus, 19991.

86 Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Family Ranidae Rafinesque, 1814 Subfamily Raninae Rafinesque, 1814

Atnolops Cope, 1865 Amolops chapaensis (Bourret, 1937). Rhacophorus buergeri chapaensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Inst. Publ. Hanoi, 4,44 - 46.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa, Lao Cai province, northwestern Vietnam).

Distribution. Yunnan (China); northern Vietnam. [Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Yang, 1991; Duell- man, 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.

Atnolops chunganensis (Pope, 1929) Rana chunganensis C. H . Pope, 1929, Am. Mus. No- vitates, 352, 3.

Type locality. Kuatun (= Guadun) village, northwest- em Chungan Hsien (= Chongan County), Fukien (= Fujian) province, China; 4500 - 5000 feet (1370 - 1520 m).

Distribution. Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and Yunnan, China. Discovered in northern Vietnam on the Fan Si Pan Mount (Sa Pa, Lao Cai province) at an elevation of about 1900 m. [Liu, 1950; Pope, 1931; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang, 1991; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.

Amolops cremnobatus Inger et Kottelat, 1998 Amolops cremnobatus R. F . Inger and M. Kottelat, 1998, The Rqfles Bull. 2001. Nut. Univ., 46(1), 29-34.

Type locality. Laos, Khammouan Prov., Nam Phao River, just downstream from the border post on Lak Sao-Vinh Road (1 8'23' N, and 105"09'20" E).

Distribution. Khammouan province, Laos; Ha Tinh and Nghe Anh provinces, Vietnam. [Frost, 20001.

Amolops ricketti (Boulenger, 1899) Rana ricketti G. A. Boulenger, 1899, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1899, 168.

Type locality. Kuatun mountains (= Guadun), about 435 krn from Foochow (= Fuzhou Shi), Chongan County, Fokien (= Fujian), China; approximately 3000 - 4000 feet (914 - 1220 m).

Distribution. Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui, Hubei, Hu- nan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsi, Guangxi, and Fujian, China, 400 - 1300 m elevation; northern Vietnam. [Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 193 1; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Yang, 1991; Zhao and Adler; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Semenov, 20011.

Atnolops spinapectoralis Inger, Orlov et Darevsky, 1999 Amolops spinapectoralis R. F . Inger, N. L. Orlov and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana. 2001. New Ser., 92, 12-13.

Type locality. Kon Cha Ran, (60 km northwest of the town of Kannack - 14'20' N, 10S036' E) An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam; 1000 nl.

Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces). [Frost, 2000; Bain and Truong, 20021.

Amolops viridimaculatus (Jiang, 1983) Staurois viridimaculatus Y .-M. Jiang, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica. New Ser., 2(3), 71.

Type locality. Dahaoping, Tengchong County, Yun- nan, China; 1980 m.

Distribution. Yunnan, China and northern Vietnam. [Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.

Chaparana Bourret, 1939 Chaparana delacouri (Angel, 1928) Rana delacouri F . Angel, 1928, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nut., 34(2), 3 19.

Type locality. Bac-Kan (= Backan or Bac Can), Ton- kin, (= Northern Vietnam).

Distribution. Northern Vietnam. [Angel, 1928; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Duellman, 1993; Frost, 1985,20001.

Chaparana fansipani (Bourret, 1939) Rana (Chaparana),fa11sipani R. Bourret, 1939, Ann. Bull. G&n. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1939(4), 3 1 .

Type locality. Mount Fan-si-pan (= Fansipan or Fan Si Pan), near Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin (=Northern Vietnam).

Distribution. Northern Vietnam. [Bounet, 1939. 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Duellman, 1993; Ohler et al., 20001.

Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) Rana cyanophlyctis J . G. Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph., 1, 137.

Type locality. Eastern India. Distribution. Southern Iran and Afghanistan; Paki-

stan; India; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Malaya Peninsula and south- em Vietnam (Minh Hai province). [Bounet, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; lnger and Dutta, 1986; Dubois. 1987 "1986," 1992; Chanda, 1994; Shah, 1995; Dutta, 19971.

Hoplobatrachus Peters, 1863 Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1835) Rana tigerina rugulosa A. F . A. Wiegmann, 1835, Nova Acta Acad. Caesar. Leop. Carol., 17, 258.

Type locality. Cape Syng-more [= Kap Shui Mun, Lantau island, Hong Kong, China]

Distribution. Myanmar; sonthen] China including Taiwan (north to Yangtze River); Indochina; introduced in Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia). [Okada, 1931; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois. 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Yang. 1997; Fei, 19991.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia 87

Huia Yang, 1991 Huia nasica (Boulenger, 1903) Rana nasica G. A. Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 12(7), 187.

Type locality. Mao Son Mountains (Mau Son or Man Son, Lang Son province), Tonkin, Vietnam; 3000 - 4000 feet (915 - 1220 m).

Distribution. China: Yuman, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces; Thailand; Laos and Vietnam. [Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991 (as Huia sp.); Yang, 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 19991.

Limnonectes Fitzinger, 1843 Limnonectes blythii (Boulenger, 1920) Rana macrodon var. blythii G. A. Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20,43 - 45.

Type locality. Burnla (= Myanmar); Annam (= central Vietnam); Siam (= Thailand); Malay Peninsula (Malaysia and Thailand); Sumatra, Borneo (Indonesia); Philippines.

Distribution. Myanmar; Malaysia; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines; Sumatra and Borneo (In- donesia). [Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Berry, 1975; Dring, 1979; Frost, 1985, 2000; Emerson and Ward, 1998; Inger et al., 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Limnonectes cancrivorus (Gravenhorst, 1829) Rana cancrivora J . L. Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. 2001. Vratislav., 1, 4 1 .

Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Malay Peninsula; Philippines Islands;

Greater and Lesser Sundas Archipelago from Sumatra to Flores; Guangxi province and Hainan Island (China); southern Vietnam.

Note. Dubois and Ohler (2000) refer this species to Feiewaria genus. [Boulenger, 1920; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Liu et al., 1973; Berry, 1975; Dring, 1979; Frost, 1985, 2000; Ye et al., 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 19991.

Limnotrectes dabanus (Smith, 1922) Rana macrognathus dabana M . A. Smith, 1922, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 4, 22 1 .

Type locality. Daban, Langbian plateau, Southern Annam; 200 m.

Distribution. Southern Vietnam; Phu Quoc Island in Gulf of Thailand; discovered on the bodred between Viet- nam and Cambodia. [Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Frost, 20001.

Limnonectes khammonensis (Smith, 1929) Rana khammonensis M . A. Smith, 1929, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 10(3), 296.

Type locality. Nape, Khammon (= Kham mon or Khammuan) Plateau, west of Vinh, Amam, Laos; 900 m.

Distribution. Annam (Vietnam) and adjacent Laos. [Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 1985,20001.

Limnonectes kohchangae (Smith, 1922) Rana kohchangae M . A. Smith, 1922, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 4, 223 - 225.

Type locality. Koh Chang (= Chang Island) in the In- ner Gulf of Siam (= Thailand).

Distribution. Koh Chang, Koh Kut, Koh Mehsi and on the mainland at Ok Yam, Thailand; southern Vietnam and Cambodia. [Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and Ho, 19961.

Limnonectes kuhlii (Tschudi, 1838) Rana kuhlii J . J . von Tschudi, 1838, Class$ Bati-ach. Neuchdtel:40.

Type locality. Java, Indonesia. Distribution. Meghalaya and Assam (India); Southern

China including Taiwan Island; Indochina; Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Sulawesi (Indonesia).

Note. On the island of Hainan a closely-related forn~ is Limnonectes fragilis (Liu and Hu, 1973); and it is possibly, the same form that is found in central Annam. [Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 193 1; Okada, 193 1; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Liu et al., 1973; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.

Limnonectes limnocharis (Boie, 1834) Rana limnocharis H . Boie, 1834, Nova Acta Acad. Caesar. Leop. Carol., 17(1), 225.

Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Southern China including Taiwan, Hai-

nan, and Hong Kong Islands, northward to Shandong in the east and Gansu in the west; Indochina; Nepal; Pakistan; In- dia; Sri Lanka; southern Japan; Philippines; Greater Sunda Islands and the Lesser Sundas as far east as Flores.

Note. Dubois and Ohler (2000) concern this species to the genus Fejewaria. [Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Inger, 1954, 1966; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Toda et al., 1998; Dubois and Ohler, 2000; Frost; Ohler et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Semenov, 20011.

Limnonectes toumano#i (Bourret, 1941) Rana toumanofi R. Bourret, 1941, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1941,23.

Type locality. Mimot, Cambodge (= Cambodia). Distribution. Occurs along the tributaries of the Me-

kong and Krong (= Sraepok) rivers in Cambodia and south- em Vietnam (Dak Lac [Yok Don National Park on the Dak Ken River]) and Dong Nai province; 300 - 400 m. [Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"].

Occidozyga Kuhl et van Hasselt, 1822 Note. There is a complicated history of the under-

standing of the composition of genera Occidozyga and Phlynoglossus. We consider all the forms of these groups from Vietnam to belong to Occidozyga.

88 Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

0ccidoz.yga laevis (Giinther, 1859 "1858") Oxyglossus laevis A. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London, p. 7.

Type locality. Philippine Islands. Distribution. Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Bali,

Sumbawa, Flores (Indonesia); Philippines; Thailand; Ma- laysia; Vietnam. [Bourret, 1937, 1942; Inger, 1954, 1966; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Taylor, 1962; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000 (as Phrynoglos- sus laevis)].

Occidozyga lima (Gravenhorst, 1829) Rana lima J. L. C . Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1, 4 1.

Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. from West Bengal (India) and Myanmar

to Yunnan and southeastern Fujian, Hainan Island and Hong Kong (China); Vietnam; Malaya Peninsula; Java (Indonesia). [Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et a]., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000; Semenov, 20011.

0ccidoz.yga martensii (Peters, 1867) Phrynoglossus martensii W. Peters, 1867, Monats- ber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867, 29.

Type locality. Bangkok, Siam (= Thailand). ' Distribution. Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam;

southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hainan Island). [Pope, 1931; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et a]., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et a]., 1999; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000 (as Phrynoglossus martens)].

Occidozyga vittatus (Anderson, 1942) Oxyglossus laevis var. vittata L. G. Anderson, 1942, Ark. Zool., 34(A), 1.

Type locality. Dalat and Thua Luu, Lam Dong prov- ince, Annam, Vietnam.

Distribution. Southern Annam, Vietnam. Note. The species is placed in either Occidozyga and

Phrynoglossus Peters, 1867 (Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867:29). We consider all the forms of these groups from Vietnam to belong to Occidozyga. [Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 20001.

Paa Dubois, 1975 Paa boulengeri (Giinther, 1889) Rana boulengeri A. Giinther, 1889, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist. Ser. 6,4(2 I), 222.

Type locality. Ichang, Rupeh (= Hubei province, China).

Distribution. Southwestern and southern China, in- cluding Guangxi and Guangdong provinces; Vietnam. [Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Frost, 1985. 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1990; Yang et a]., 1991: Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei. 19991.

Paa bourreti (Dubois, 1987 "1986") Rana (Paa) bourreti A. Dubois, 1987 "1986," Alytes, 5,46.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Vietnam; 22'20' N, 103"501 E.

Distribution. Mountainous region in northern Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces) and northern Thailand. [Dubois, 1992; Frost, 2000; Ohler et a]., 20001.

Paa spinosa (David, 1875) Rana spinosa A. David, 1875, J. Trois Voy. Explor. Empire Chinois, 2,253.

Type locality. Ouang-Mao-Tsak (= Wangmaozhai), a mountain village in Jiangxi near the Fujian border, China.

Distribution. Southern China including Hainan Island and northern Vietnam. [Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 193 1 ; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Chang, 1947; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang eta]., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et a]., 19931.

Paa verrucospinosa (Bourret, 1937) Rana spinosa verrucospinosa R. Bourret, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 26.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Fan Si Pan mountain (Lao Cai province), and Tam-Dao (Vinh Phu province), Vietnam.

Distribution. Northern and central Vietnam; mountain regions of Tonkin and Annam; 250 - 2300 m. [Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.

Paa yunnanensis (Anderson, 1878) Rana yunnanensis J. Anderson, 1878, Anat. Zool. Res. Yunnan, 839.

Type locality. Hotha (= Husa), Yunnan province, China; 5000 feet (1520 m).

Distribution. Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan, China; northern Vietnam and northern Myanmar. [Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Dubois, 1987 "1986," 1992; Inger et al., 1990; Yang et a]., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei. 1999; Frost, 20001.

Rana Linnaeus, 1758 Rana adenopleura Boulenger, 1909 Rana adenopleura G. A. Boulenger, 1909, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 4(8), 492.

Type locality. Fuhacho Village (= Maobu or Wu- cheng, Nantou County), Formosa (= Taiwan), China; ap- proximately 4000 feet (1220 m).

Distribution. Southern China including Taiwan and Hainan; Iriomotejima and Ishigakijima, Yaeyama group Is- lands, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan; northern Vietnam. [Pope, 1931; Liu and Hu, 1961; Liu et a]., 1973; Matsui and Utsunomiya, 1983; Frost, 1985. 2000; Kuramoto, 1985; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 19931.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia

Rana andersonii Boulenger, 1882 Rana andersonii G. A. Boulenger, 1882, Catal. Ba- trach. Salient. Coll. Brit. MLLS., London, p. 55.

Type locality. Hotha (= Husa) Valley, southwestern Yunnan province, China.

Distribution. Northern Myanmar; Southern China in- cluding Hainan; Vietnam.

Note. Rana andersonii is represented by the complex of forms which taxonomic status is the subject of recent in- vestigations (Bajn, 1998; Fei et al., 2001). [Boulenger, 1920; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1939, 1937, 1941, 1942; Liu, 1950; L.iu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Fei et al., 1991 "1990"; Yang et al., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ziegler and Herr- mann, 2000; Bain, 1998; Fei et al., 2001; Ohler et al., 20001.

Rana attigua Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999 Rana attigua R. F . Inger, N. L. OrIov, and I. S. Da- revsky, 1999, Fieldiana. Zool. New Ser., 92, 14.

Type locality. Buon Luoi, An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam; 14'20' N, 108'36' E; 750 m.

Distribution. South Vietnam (Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces). [Frost, 2000; Bain and Truong, 20021.

Rana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937) Hylarana chapaensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 34 - 35.

Type locality. Chapa (- Sa Pa), N. Tonkin (= northern Vietnam).

Distribution. Northern Vietnam. [Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Frost. 2000; Ohler et al., 20001.

Rana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) Hyla erythraea H. Schlegel, 1837, Abbild. Anzph., DQsseldorf, pp. 1 - 141(27).

Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Java, Borneo, (Indonesia); Negros and

Panay Islands (Philippines); Laos; Catnbodia; Thailand; Malaysia; Myanmar; West Bengal and Orissa (India); southern part of Vietnam, from Quang Tri provinces to Upper Mekong River. [Bourret, 1942; lnger, 1954; Taylor, 1962; lnger, 1966; Beny; Frost, 1985,2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ziegler and Herr- mann, 20001.

Rana glandulosa Boulenger, 1882, Caral. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:73.

Type locality. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). Distribution. Southern Thailand; Malaysia (Malaya

Peninsula and Borneo); Southern Vietnam. [Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Frost, 1985, 2000; Beny, 1975; Dubois, 1992; Ye et al., 19931.

Rana grahami Boulenger, 1917 Rana graharni G. A. Boulenger, 1917, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 20(8), 415.

Type locality. Yunnan fu (= Kunming Shi), Yunnan province, China.

Distribution. Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, China; Northwestern Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces); 1400 - 2000 m. [Pope and Boring, 1940; Liu and Hu, 1961: Liu et al., 1962; Frost. 1985, 2000: Fei et al., 1991 "1990"; Yang et a]., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993: Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 20001.

Rana guentheri Boulenger, 1882 Rana guentheri G. A. Boulenger, 1882, Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London, p. 48.

Type locality. Amoy (= Xiamen Shi, Fujian province, China) and China.

Distribution. Southern China (north to Yangtze River) including Hainan and Taiwan; Vietnam; Laos. [Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Fei, 1999; Sernenov, 2001; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.

Rana johnsi Smith, 1921 Rana sauteri var. johnsi M . A. Smith, 1921, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1921,423 - 440 (434).

Type locality. Sui Kat, Annam (Lam Dong province), Southern Vietnam.

Distribution. Guangxi province, China and Vietnam. [Smith, 1921; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Fei et al., 1991 "1990"; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; lnger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.

Rana lateralis Boulenger, 1887 Rana lateralis G. A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 5,483.

Type locality. Kaw-ka-riet (= Kokarit), east of Moulmein, Tenasserim, Burma (= Myanmar).

Distribution. Cambodia; Thailand; southern Myan- mar; southern Laos and Vietnam (Lam Dong, Dac Lac and Gia Lai provinces). [Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 20001.

Rana livida (Blyth, 1855) Polypedates lividus E. Blyth, 1855, J. Asia?. Soc. Bengal, 24,718.

Type locality. Tenasserim Valley, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. India (Darjeeling [West Bengal], Sik-

kim, Meghalaya, and Assam [Eastern Himalayas]); Myan- mar; Malaysia; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; China (Guangxi, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hu- nan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Hainan Island).

Note. Field and DNA studies of Rana livida have de- monstrated the presence of cryptic species in almoust every population investigated in Vietnam. Apparently this is one of the most intricately organized complexes among the am- phibians of Vietnam under study. [Bourret, 1942; Liuand Hu, 1961, 1962; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Semenov, 20011.

90 Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Rana nracrodactyla (Giinther, 1859 "1858") Hylarana macrodac~la A. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:72.

Type locality. Hong Kong and China [Restricted to Hong Kong (China) by Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43,421 - 4231.

Distribution. Hong Kong; Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan (China); Indochina. [Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Semenov, 20011.

Rana maosonensis (Bourret, 1937) Hylarana maosonensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 36.

Type locality. Mao-Son (= Mau Son), Tonkin (Lang Son province, Vietnam).

Distribution. Northern Vietnam [(inhabits mountain regions of north - eastern provinces of Vietnam (Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Yen Bai, Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Ha Bac, Quang Ninh, Hai Hung, Ha Tay, Son La, Ninh Binh, and Hoa Binh provinces); 200 - 1500 m]. [Bourret. 1942; Frost, 1985, 1999, 2000; Dubois, 1992; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; lnger et al., 1999; Semenov, 20011.

Rana margaretae Liu, 1950 Rana margaretae C.-C. Liu, 1950, Fieldiana. Zool. Mem., 2, 303.

Type locality. Panlungshan (= Mount Panlong), Kwanhsien (= Guan County, now Dujiangyan Shi), Szech- wan (= Sichuan), China; 1070 m.

Distribution. Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, southern Shaanxi (China; 390 - 1500 m) and northern Vietnam [Fan Si Pan Mount (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces), 1900 - 2500 m]. [Liu, 1950; Frost, 1985, 2000; lnger et al., 1990; Fei et a].. 1991 "1990": Dubois, 1992; Ye et a]., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 19991.

Rana milleti Smith, 1921 Rana milleti M. A. Smith, 1921, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1921,432.

Type locality. Dalat, Langbian Plateau (= Langbian Plateau Mountain), southern Annam, (Lam Dong province, Vietnam).

Distribution. Southern Vietnam. [Bourret. 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000: Dubois, 1992; Inger et al., 19991.

Rana montivaga Smith, 1921 Rana montivaga M. A. Smith, 1921, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1921,436.

Type locality. Dalat, Langbian Plateau (= Langbian Plateau Mountain), southern Annam, (Lam Dong province, Vietnam); 1500 m.

Rana nigrovittata (Blyth, 1855) Limnodytes nigrovittatus E. Blyth, 1855, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,7 18.

Type locality. Mergui, Tenasserim, Burma (= Myan- mar).

Distribution. Nepal; Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (India); Yunnan (China) and Indochina. [Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 196 1 ; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost. 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Dutta, 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Semenov, 20011.

Rana schmackeri Boettger, 1892 Rana schmackeri 0. Boettger, 1892, Katal. Batrach. Samml. M u . Senckenb. Natuforsch. Gesellsch., Frankfurt am Main: 1 1.

Type locality. Kao-cha-hien (= Gaojiayan), near Ichang (= Yichang Shi), Hubei province, Central China.

Distribution. Southern and Central China including Hainan Island; Vietnam. [Chang and Hsu, 1932; Liu and Hu, 1961 ; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Frost, 20001.

Rana taipehensis Van Denburgh, 1909 Rana taipehensis J. Van Denburgh, 1909, Proc. Ca- liJ: Acad. Sci. Ser. 4 , 3 , 56.

Type locality. Taipeh (= Taipei), Formosa (= Taiwan), China.

Distribution. Nepal; Orissa, Assam, West Bengal, and Meghalaya (India); Myanmar; Southern China including Taiwan and Hainan Islands; Thailand; Laos and northern Vietnam (Tonkin and northern Annam). [Pope, 193 1; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961 ; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et a]., 1991; Dubois, 1992; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Dutta, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 19991.

Species of Rana genus doubtfully reported from Vietnam

Rana alticola Boulenger, 1882 Rana alticola G. A. Boulenger, 1882, Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:62.

Type locality. Shillong, Assam, India and Moulmein, Tenasserim, Burma (Myanmar).

Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Assam, Darjeeling [West Bengal] and Sikkim); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thai- land; northern Vietnam.

Note. Probably, the find from Mao-Son (Tonkin), in- deed, relates to Huia ?zasica (Bourret, 1942: 350). [Boulenger, 1920; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Dubois, 1992; Chanda, 1994; Dutta, 1997; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack. 20001. , ~,

Distribution. Southern Vietnam [(Lam Dong and Gia Lai provinces); 700 - 2000 m]. Rana leptoglossa (Cope, 1868)

[Smith, 1921; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, H~lorana leptoglossa E. D. Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. 1992; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et a]., 19991. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20, 139-140.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia 9 1

Type locality. Assam (India). Distribution. Assam and Meghalaya (India); Myan-

mar; Thailand and Vietnam. [Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Frost, 20001.

Note. Probably, the find from Annam, indeed, relates to Rana nigrovittata (Bourret, 1942:3 15). [Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1992; Frost, 20001.

Rana miopus Boulenger, 1918 Rana miopus G. A. Boulenger, 191 8, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 3, 1 1 - 12.

Type locality. Khao Wang Hip, Nakhon Si Thanma- rat (Thailand).

Distribution. Thailand and West Malaysia; southern and northern Vietnam (Dac Lac and Lang Son provinces) [Tran et al., 198 1:385; Nguyen and Ho, 1996:206].

Note. Inger et al. (1999:43) suppose that this species for Vietnam is pointed out by mistake. [Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et al., 19991.

Taylorana Dubois, 1987 "1985" Taylorana hascheanus (Stoliczka, 1870) Polypedates hascheanus F. Stolickzka, 1870, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 39(2), 134 - 228 (147).

Type locality. "Higher forests [about 1000 feet (300 m) a.s.l.1 in the island of Penang," Malaysia.

Distribution. Myanmar; Laos; Thailand; Malaysia; Cambodia; Vietnam (central and northern regions of the Annam mountains); Andaman Islands (India); Bunguran (Natuna Islands) and Java [Indonesia]. [Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dutta, 1997; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Family Rhacophoridae Hoffman, 1932 Subfamily Rhacophorinae Hoffmann, 1932

Chirixalus Boulenger, 1893 Chirixalus doriae Boulenger, 1893 Chirixalus doriae G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 13,341.

Type locality. Karin Bia-po and Thao, Burma (= Northern Myanmar). Restricted to Karin Bia-po by lecto- type designation (Capacaccis, 1957).

Distribution. Northern Myanmar; Thailand; Yunnan, China (Guangxi, Hainan Island); Laos; central and horthern Vietnam [southern part of Truong Son Mountains and Tay-Nguyen Plateau (Kon Tum and Gia Lai provinces), in- habits mountain regions of Tonkin; 400 - 1200 m] and Cambodia. [Ahl, 193 1; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; Tan, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Duhois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Chirixalus laevis (Smith, 1924) Philautus laevis M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1924,230.

Type locality. Sui Kat, Langbian (= Lang Bian) Plateau, Southern Annam (Lam Dong province, Vietnam); 1000 m.

Distribution. Gia Lai, Dac Lac and Lam Dong prov- inces; 700 - 1200 m, Vietnam. [Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Chirixalus nongkhorensis (Cochran, 1927) Philautus nongkhorensis D. M . Cochran, 1927, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washigton, 40, 179.

Type locality. Nongkhor, southeastern Thailand. Distribution. Myanmar; Thailand; southern Vietnam

[Gia Lai province (Tay-Nguyen Plateau); 700 m]; Laos and Cambodia. Ohler et al. (2000) note this species for north- western Vietnam (Lao Cai province: 1210-1660 m).

[Ahl, 1931; Pope, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger et al., 1999 Frost, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Chirixaluspalpebralis (Smith, 1924) Philautus palpebralis M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1924,233.

Type locality. Langbian Peaks (= Lang Bian Moun- tain), South Annam (central Vietnam); 2000 m.

Distribution. Southern Annam, Vietnam; Yunnan province, China. [Ahl, 193 1; Bourret, 1939, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Chirixalus vittatus (Boulenger, 1887) Ixalus vittatus G. A. Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova, 2(5), 421.

Type locality. Bhamo, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam [(inhabits

mountain regions of Annam and Tonkin); 600 - 1900 m]; Thailand; China (Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong prov- inces and Hainan Island). [Smith, 1924; Ahl, 193 1; Pope, 193 1; Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Liem, 1970, Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Nyctixalus Boulenger, 1882 Nyctixalus pictus (Peters, 1871) Ixalus pictus Peters, 1871, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1871, 580.

Type locality. Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo). Distribution. Borneo (Malaysia and Indonesia); Pala-

wan Island (Philippines); Malaya Peninsula; south Vietnam (discovered in the province Dac Lac to the southeast of Duc Xuyen; 800 m).

[Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1966; Brown and Alcala, 1970; Beny, 1975; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia 93

Fig. 3. Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903).

Philautus Gistel, 1848 Philautus abditus Inger, Orlov et Darevsky, 1999

Philautus abdihrs R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana, New Ser., 92,26.

Type locality. Buon Luoi Village, Kannack Town, An Khe District, Gia Lai province; 700 m.

Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Tay-Nguyen Pla- teau, Gia Lai province; 600 - 1200 m). [Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philautus albopunctatus Liu et Hu, 1962 Philautus albopunctatus C.-C. Liu and S.-Q. Hu, 1962, Acta 2001. Sinica, 14 (Suppl.), 99.

Type locality. Yang-liu-chong, Mount Yao (= Dayao Shan), Kwangsi (= Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), China; 1350 m.

Distribution. China (Guangxi and Tibet); Northern Vietnam mao Bang; Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces). [Liu and Hu, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philautus banaensis Bourret, 1939 Philautus banaensis R. Bourret, 1939, Ann. Bull. GLn.

Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1939(4), 34. Type locality. Bana (= Ba Na Town, Qang Nam-Da-

nang province), Annam, Vietnam.

Distribution. Central Vietnam [Hai Van Pass and the foot of the eastern slope of the Amam mountains in Qang Nam-Danang province (Ba Na Town) and Thua Thien-Hue province (Bach Ma Town)]. [Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philautus carinensis (Boulenger, 1893) Ixalus carinensis G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nut. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 13,339.

Type locality. Karin Bia-po, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Karen Hills, Myanmar; northwestern

Vietnam [Fan Si Pan Mount (Lao Cai and Lai Chau prov- inces); 1400 - 2000 m]. [Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Ohler et a]., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philautus gracilipes Bourret, 1937 Philautus gracilipes R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gdn. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 52.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin (= Northern Vietnam).

Distribution. China (Yunnan); Vietnam [Hoang Lien Mountains in Lai Chau, Lao Cai, and Yen Bai provinces; 1500 - 2500 m. Although reported from Kon Turn prov- ince (Nguyen and Ho, 1996:215-216), additional data re- quired].

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia 95

[Bourret, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 1999; Ohler et a]., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philairtus grjdlus Smith, 1924 Philautus gryllus M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924,23 1 .

Type locality. Langbian Peaks, 2000 m, Langbian Pla- teau (= Lang Bian Mountain), Southern Annam (Lam Dong province, Vietnam); 2000 m.

Distribution. Vietnam [Southern Annam (Lam Dong, Dac Lac, Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces) and Tonkin Re- gion (Lao Cai, Cao Bang, Vinh Phu and Bac Thai prov- inces)]. [Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philautus jinxiuensis Hu, 1978 Philautus jinxiuensis S.-Q. Hu, 1978 in S.-Q. Hu, L. Fei and C.-Y. Ye, Mater. Helpetol. Res., Chengdu, 4, 20.

Type locality. Mount Yao (= Dayao Shan, or Yao- shan), Jinxiu County, Guangxi Zhiang Autonomous Ke- gion, China.

Distribution. Guangxi and Hunan, China; northeast- em Vietnam (province Lang Son). [Hu et al., 1981; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philautus longchuanensis Yang et Li, 1979 Philauttrs longchuanensis D.-T. Yang and S.-M. Li, 1979 in D.-T. Yang, C.-Y. Su, and S.-M. Li, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 4(2), 186.

Type locality. Gongdong, Longchuan Xian (= Long- chuan County), Yunnan province, China; 1600 m.

Distribution. China (Gaoligong Shan and Hengduan- shan mountains, Yunnan province, 1350 - 1600 m); north- western Vietnam (Lai Chau province). [Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Philautus maosonensis Bourret, 1937 Philautus maosonensis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gkn. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 5 1 .

Type locality. Mao-son (= Mao Son or Mau Son), Tonkin (Lang Son province, Northern Vietnam).

Distribution. Northern Vietnam (400 - 1500 m in Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Cao Bang, and Lang Son provinces).

Vinh Phu and Bac Thai provinces) and Hoang Lien Moun- tains (Lao Cai and Lai Chau provinces); 700 - 1400 m]. [Ahl, 1931; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Incertae cedis for Philautrrs genus Philautus odontotarsus Ye and Tei, 1993

Note. See in Rhacophorus verrucosus.

Polypedates Tschudi, 1838 Polypedates colletti Boulenger, 1890 Polypedates colletti G. A. Boulenger, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890,36.

Type locality. Langkhat, Sumatra (Indonesia). Distribution. Malaysia and Thailand (Peninsular Ma-

laya); Sumatra and Bomeo (Indonesia) and Islands of the South China Sea; southern Vietnam (discovered in the southern province Minh Hai). [Ahl, 193 1; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Orlov et al., 20011.

Polypedates dennysii (Blanford, 1881) Rhacophorus dennysii W. T . Blanford, 1881, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1881,224

Type locality. China. Distribution. Myanmar; southern regions of China;

northern and northeastern Vietnam (discovered in Cao Bang, Bac Thai, Lang Son, Vinh Phu, Hai Hung, and Ha Bac provinces; 200 - 1500 m. All discoveries in northern Vietnam are situated to the east of the Red River). [Liu and Hu, 1961; Inger, 1966; Liem, 1970; Frost, 1985,2000; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Fei, 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.

Polypedates dorsoviridis (Bourret, 1937) Rhacoplzorus schlegeli dorsoviridis R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. Gkn. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 47.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin (=North Viet- nam); 1500 m.

Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Hoang Lien Moun- tains in provinces Lao Cai and Lai Chau). [Boturet, 1937, 1942; Liu, Hu et Yang, 1962 (as P. nigropuncfa- [us); Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991 (as P. nigropuncfafus); Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.

Polypedates duboisi (Ohler, Marquis, Swan et Grosjean, 2000) Rhacophorus duboisi A. Ohler, 0. Marquis, S. Swan, and S. Grosjean, 2000, Herpetozoa, 13(1/2), 81.

[Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et Type locality. Fan Si Pan mountain range (22"16'N, al., 1999; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011. 103"501 E, 1900 m), near Sa Pa, Lao Cai province, Vietnam.

Philautusparvulus (Boulenger, 1893) Distribution. Northwestern ~ i e t n a m and southern Yunnan (China).

Ixalus pamlus Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Note. Species from Fan Si Pan Mountain (in Orlov Stor. Nat. Genova. Ser. 2, NO. 13,339. et al., 2001) described as PoIvpedates omeimontis Steine-

Type locality. Karin Hills, Bunna (= Myanmar). ger, 1924 should be assignedVio Polypedates duboisi (oh- Distribution. Myanmar; northern Thailand and north- ler, Marquis, Swan et Grosjean, 2000). Polypedates ping-

ern Vietnam [(discovered on the ranges of Tam Dao (in bianensis, described from Pingbian county, Yunnan prov-

96 Nikolai L. Or lov e t al.

ince Kou, Hu and Gao, 2001 is conspecific with Polypeda- tes dtlboisi. [Kou, Hu and Gao, 2001 (as P, pingbionensis); Orlov et al., 2001 (as P. otneimortris)].

Polypedates dugritei David, 1872 Polypedates dugritei A. David, 1872, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 7 , 95.

Type locality. Mouping (= Baoxing County), Sichuan province, China.

Distribution. Southern Sichuan and Yunnan prov- inces in China and nortwesthern Vietnam [Fan Si Pan (northern part of Hoang Lien Mountains), Lao Cai prov- ince; 1800 - 2000 m.

Note. Polypedates dugrirei is likely a complex of cryptic species that is yet to be fully resolved. Recently, similar Chinese forms have been described as new species: Polypedates zhaojuensis Wu and P, puerensis He, 1999. [Barbour, 1920; Liu, 1950; Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.

Polypedates feae (Boulenger, 1893) Rhacophorus feae G. A. Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Sfor. Nat. Genova. Ser. 2, No. 13,338.

Type locality. Thao, northern Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Myanmar; China (Yunnan); northern

Thailand; Laos; northwestern Vietnam (mountain regions of Lao Cai and Lai Chau [Fan Si Pan and Phoung Chang mountains]; 1400 - 1500 m); southern Vietnam (Ngock Linh Mountain, Kon Tum province; 1500 - 2000 m); and possibly Annam mountains bordering Laos and Vietnam. [Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Inger, 1966; Liem, 1970; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.

Polypedates hungfuensis (Liu e t Hu, 1961) Rhacophorus hungfiuensis C.-C. Liu and S.-C. Hu, 196 1 , Tailless Amphibians of China:269.

Type locality. Hongfu Mountain (= Hongfoshan), Guan county (= Dujiangyan Shi), Sichuan province, China.

Distribution. China (Sichuan and Guangxi prov- inces); northwestern Vietnam (Fan Si Pan Mountain, Lao Cai province). [Liu and Hu, 1961; Jiang, Hu and Zhao, 1987; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.

Polypedates leucornystax (Gravenhorst , 1829) Hyla leuconzysfax J . L. C. Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vrafislav., 1, 26.

Type locality. Java (Indonesia). Distribution. From eastern India to southern China

(including Taiwan and Hainan Islands) to the Philippines and Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Indonesia; introduced to Oki- nawa Island (Japan).

Note. Polypedates leucomystnr is likely a complex of cryptic species, involving the following taxa: P. leucomys-

tax leucornystax (Gravenhorst, 1829); P. leucomystax sex- virgahls (Gravenhorst, 1829); P. rnacroris (Boulenger, 189 1); P. megacephalus Hallowell, 1861; P. mutt~s Smith, 1940. [Okada, 1931; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu, 1950; Inger, 1954; Liu and Hu; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000a; Orlov et al., 2001; Seme- nov, 20011.

Polypedates rnegacephalus Hallowell, 1861 "1860" Polypedates megacephalus E . Hallowell, 186 1 "1860," Proc. Acad. Nut. Sci. Philadelphia, 12, 507.

Type locality. Hong Kong, China. Distribution. Southern China including Taiwan, Hong

Kong and Hainan, in the west it reaches Xizang (= Tibet), in the north reaches Gansu; northeastern India, northern Vietnam (in the northern provinces of the country it inhab- its montane and submontane regions); introduced to Oki- nawa Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. [Stejneger, 1925; Pope, 193 1; Inger, 1966; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Matsui et al., 1986; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; lnger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.

Polypedates nrutus (Smith, 1940) Rhacophorus mutus M . A. Smith, 1940, Rec. Indian Mus., 42,473.

Type locality. N'Chang Yang, northern Burma (= Myanmar).

Distribution. Northern Myanmar; Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Ilainan Island, China; northern Laos; north- ern Vietnam (throughout northern Vietnam from the borders with southern China to the northern Annam mountains). [Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.

Rltacophotus K u h l a n d v a n Hasselt, 1822 Rhacophorus annarnensis Smith, 1924 Rhacophorus annamensis M . A. Smith, 1924, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924,229.

Type locality. Daban (= Da Ban), Phan Rang (= Ninh Thuan) province, Southern Annam, Vietnam; 200 m.

Distribution. Southern Annam (within the provinces Ninb Thuan, Lam Dong, Dac Lac, Kon Turn and Gia Lai at elevations from 200 up to 1500 m), Vietnam.

Note. Juvenile R. annarnensis are very similar to R. no- later Smith, 1924, as was noted by Bourret (1942) and Wolf (1936). Up to the age of two years the body of R. an- narnensis is lightly colored with numerous black blotches, which corresponds to the description of the single specimen of Rhacophorus nolater. M. Matsui shares a similar opinion (University of Kyoto, Japan; personal communication). The transformation to the adult color pattern occurs approxi- mately when SVL is 3 W 0 mm. [Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1954; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. P a r t I. Amphibia 9 7

Rhacophor~rs appendiculatus (Giinther, 1859 "1858") Po(~peda tes appendiculatzcs A. Giinther, 1859 "1858," Catal. Batrach. Salient. Coll. Brit. Mus., London:79.

Type locality. Philippines; Java; Singapore; East India. Distribution. Malaysia; Thailand; Laos; Sumatra and

Borneo (Indonesia); Philippines; Arunachal Pradesh (In- dia); Vietnam (southern and central regions north to Quang Nam Danang province; 400 - 2000 m). [Annandale, 1912; Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Inger, 1954; Berry, 1975; Dring, 1979; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Brown and Alcala, 1994; Chanda, 1994; Duaa, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Fei, 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.

Rlracophorus baliogaster Inger, Or lov et Darevsky, 1999 Rhacophorus baliogaster R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov, and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiann, New Ser., 92, 30 - 32.

Type locality. Buon Luoi Village, An Khe District, GiaLai Provimce, Vietnam; 700 m; [140201 N, 108'36' El.

Distribution. Gia Lai province (600 - 1200 m), Southern Vietnam. [Frost, 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.

Rhncophorus bimaculatus (Peters, 1867) Leptomantis bimaculatus W. S. H. Peters, Monats- ber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867,32.

Type locality. Aguson Valley, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

Distribution. Thailand; Laos; Vietnam (Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces); Borneo (Indonesia) and Philippines.

Note. Rhacophoms bimaculatus with R. hoanglienen- sis, R. orlovi, and Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus Manthey et Steiof, 1998 form a complex of closely-related species. [Bourret, 1942; Berry, 1975; Inger et al., 1999; Frost, 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.

Rhacoplrorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927 Rhacophorus bipunctatus E. Ahl, 1927, Sitzungsber. Gesellsch. Naturforsch. Freunde, 1927,46.

Type locality. Khassya (= Khasi Hills, Meghalaya) and Assam, India.

Distribution. Eastern Himalayan region of India: Me- ghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Tripura; Karin Hills of Myanmar; Peninsular Malaya (Thailand and Perak, Malaysia); Laos and Vietnam (Annam Mountains and Tay-Nguyen Plateau - from the province Ha Tinh in the north to the province Gia Lai in the south; altitude 400 - 2000 m); Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan and Hainan, China.

Rhacophorus calcanerrs Smith, 1924

Rhacophorus calcaneus M. A. Smith, 1924, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1924,228.

Type locality. Langbian Peaks (3 Lang Bian Moun- tain, Lam Dong province), Southern Annam, Vietnam.

Distribution. Southern Vietnam (southern regions of the provinces Lam Dong, Gia Lai and Kon Turn; 700 - 2000 m). [Ahl, 193 1; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 20011.

Rhacophorus exechopygus Inger, O r l o v e t Darevsky, 1999 Rhacophorus exechopygus R. F. Inger, N. L. Orlov, and I. S. Darevsky, 1999, Fieldiana, New Ser., 92, 35.

Type locality. Tram Lap, An Khe District, Gia Lai province, Vietnam; 900 m.

Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces). [Frost, 2000; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 2001; Bain and Tmong, 20021.

Rhacophorus hoanglienensis Orlov, La throp , M u r p h y et Ho, 2001 Rhacophonrs hoanglienensis N. L. Orlov, A. Lath- rop, R. W. Murphy et T. C . Ho, 2001, Russ. J. Herpe- tol., 8(1), 41 -43.

Type locality. Fan Si Pan Mountain, northern part of Hoang Lien Mountains, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam; 1400 m altitude; 22O18'59" N, 103O49'35" E.

Distribution. Lao Cai province, Vietnam.

Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler et Kohler, 200 Rhacopliorus orlovi T. Ziegler and J. Kohler, 2001, Sauria, 23(3), 38.

Type locality. from the lowland moist forest reserve Ky Anh-Ke Go (vicinity of 18'01' N, 10G004' E), 350 m, Ha Tinh province, southern North Vietnam.

Distribution. Nghe An, Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces, northern part of Annam Mountains, Vietnam.

Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840) Hyla reinwardtii H. Schlegel, 1840, Abbild. An~ph., Diisseldorf: 105.

Type locality. Java and Sumatra, Indonesia; Asia. Distribution. Sumatra and Java (Indonesia); Malay

Peninsula (Malaysia; Thailand and South Myanmar); Yun- nan and Guangxi, China; Laos; Cambodia and Vietnam (al- titude 200 - 1800 m). [Van Kampen, 1910, 1923; Ahl, 1931; Liu and Hu, 1961; Berry, 1975; Dubois, 1982, 1987 "1986"; Frost, 2000, 1985; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Orlov et al., 2001; Semenov, 20011.

[Ahl, 1927,1931; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; ~ h ~ ~ ~ ~ / , ~ ~ ~ ~ verrucosus Boulenger, 1893 Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991 (as R. rhodopits); Manthey and Grossmann. 1997: Fei. 1999 (as R. rhodoousk Ineer et al.. Rhaco~homs verrucosus G. A. BOulen!?er, 18933

x ,, L.

1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000bl Orlov kt a]., 20011. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 2(13), 337.

98 Nikolai L. Or lov et al.

Type locality. Thao, Burma (= Myanmar). [Ahl, 1927 (as Rhacophorus frul~storjeri), 1931; Wolf, 1936; Distribution. India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar; Bourret, 1942; Liern, 1970; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and Ho,

Northenl Laos; Northern Vietnam. 1996 (as Rhacophorus leporosus); Orlov, 1997; lnger et a]., 1999; Orlov and Rybaltovsky, 1999; Orlov el al., 20011.

Note. Ineer et al. (1999) discussed oroblems of simi- \ ,

larity and distribution of the species group Rhacophorus verrucosus, which includes R. appendiculatus (Giinther, 1858), R. bisacculus Taylor, 1962; R. microtynipanum (Giinther, 1859 "1 858") [= Philaurus microtyn~panum]; R. cavirostris (Gunther, 1868) [= Pltilaufus caviros~ris] are distributed in Sri Lanka (Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001). Phila- utus odonrotarsus Ye and Fei, 1993 is recorded for Yunnan province, China (Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001) and Lao Cai province, Vietnam (Ohler et al., 2000). We consider this species in northern Vietnam as Rhacophorus verrucosus. [Ahl, 1931; Wolf, 1936; Bourret, 1942; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov and Ho, 2000b; Ziegler and Henmann, 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.

Theloderma Tschudi, 1838 Theloderma asperum (Boulenger, 1886) (Fig. 1 ) Ixalus asper G . A. Boulenger, 1886, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1886,415.

Type locality. Hill Garden, Larut, Perak, Malaysia; 3300 feet (1000 m).

Distribution. Southern Xizang, China; Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, India; Myanmar; Malaysia; Thailand; Laos and Vietnam (common in the northern and central re- gions of the country, southward to Ha Tinh province; 150 - 2300 m). [Ahl, 1927, 1931; Smith, 1930; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Liern, 1970; Frost, 1985, 2000; Chanda, 1994; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Duna, 1997; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Orlov, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ziegler and Hemnann, 2000; Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001; Orlov et al., 20011.

Theloderma bicolor (Bourret, 1937) (Fig. 2 ) Rhacophorus leprosus bicolor R. Bourret, 1937, Ann. Bull. G2n. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1937(4), 42.

Type locality. Chapa (= Sa Pa), Tonkin, (Lao Cai province, Vietnam).

Distribution. Northwestern Vietnam [Fan Si Pan Mount (Hoang Lien Mountains), Sa Pa District, Lao Cai province; 1400 - 1800 m].

Note. Theloderma bicolor is very similar to Theloder- ma corticale (Boulenger, 1903) and T. knlangsiensis (Liu et Hu, 1962). [Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Orlov, 1997; Ohler et al., 2000; Orlov et al., 20011.

Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903) (Fig. 3) Rhacophorus corticalis G . A. Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 12(7), 188.

Type locality. Man-son Mountains (= Mao-son, Man Son, or Mau Son Mountains, Lang Son province), Tonkin (= Northern Vietnam), 3000 - 4000 feet (915 - 1220 m).

Distribution. Northern Vietnam (discovered in Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Cao Bang, and Lang Son provinces; 700 - 1500 m).

Theloderma gordoni Taylor, 1962 (Fig. 4 ) Theloderma gordoni E . H . Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kan- sas Sci. Bull., 43, 5 1 1 .

Type locality. Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai province, Thailand; above 4000 feet (1220 m).

Distribution. Thailand and Vietnam [south in Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces (700 - 1300 m) and in the north in Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, Cao Bang, and Lang Son provinces (600 - 1500 m)].

[Frost, 1985, 2000; Orlov, 1997; lnger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.

Thelodel.rna stellatum Taylor, 1962 (Fig. 5) Theloderma stellatum E. H . Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kan- sas Sci. Bull., 43, 5 14.

Type locality. Khao Sebab (Khao Sebab Mount), circa 18 krn NE of Chanthaburi (Chanthaburi Town) near the waterfall, Chanthaburi province, Thailand.

Distribution. Eastern Thailand; south of central Viet- nam (southern Annam: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, and Dac Lac provinces; 300 - 1500 m); southern Laos and Cambodia.

[Frost, 1985, 2000; Orlov, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Orlov et al., 20011.

Family Microhylidae Giinther, 1858 (1843) Subfamily Dyscophinae Boulenger, 1882

Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 Calluella guttulata (Blyth, 1855). Megalophrys guttulata E . Blyth, 1855, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,7 1 7.

Type locality. P e p , Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Southern Myanmar; northern Malaysia;

Thailand; Cambodia; southern Laos; southern Vietnam (Dac Lac, Gia Lai, and Kon Tum provinces; 400-1000 m).

[Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Inger et al., 19991.

Calluella yunnanensis (Boulenger, 191 9 ) Kalluella yunnanensis G . A. Boulenger, 1919, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 3(9), 549.

Type locality. Yunnan Fou (= Kunming Shi), Yunnan province, China.

Distribution. Guizhou (Yunkwei Plateau), Yunnan and Sichuan, China; Vietnam (Lao Cai and Lai Chau prov- inces).

[Parker, 1934; Liu, 1950 (Calluella ocellata); Liu and Hu, 1961; Frost, 1985, 2000; lnger et al., 1990; Yang et al., 1991; Ye el al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 19991.

Herpetofauna o f Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I . Amphibia 99

Subfamily Microhylinae Gunther, 1859 "1858" (1843)

GlylPhoglossus Giinther, 1869 "1868" Glyphoglossus molossus Gunther, 1869 "1868" G!~phoglossus molossus A. Gunther, 1869 " 1 868," Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1868,483.

Type locality. Pegu, Bulma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; south-

em Vietnam (the south of Cia Lai province to Mekong River; 200 - 600 m). [Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Nguyen and 130, 19961.

Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 Kalophryn~ls interlineatus (Blyth, 1855 "1854") Eizgystoma (?) interlineatum Blyth 1855 ( "1 854"), J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 23, 732.

Type locality. Pegu, Burma (= Myanmar). Distribution. Southern China including Hainan

Island; Myanmar; Indochina; in Vietnam it is known from Cao Bang province in the north to the delta of Mekong in the south; 150 - 900 m. [Pope, 1931; Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Inger, 1954; Liu and Hu, 1961; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Matsui eta]., 1996; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 19991.

Kaloiila Gray, 1831 Kaloula baleata (Miiller, 1836) Bombinator baleatus F . Muller, 1836, in Van Oort and Muller, Verh. Batavia. Genootsch. Wetensch., 16, 96.

Type locality. Krawang, Java (Indonesia). Distribution. Andaman lslands (India); Malaysia;

Thailand; Sulawesi, Sumatra, Borneo, and Lesser Sundas (Indonesia); Philippines; discovered in the south of the country on Tay-Nguyen Plateau [(An Khe district, Cia Lai province); 900 - 1000 m]. [Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985,2000; Dutta, 19971.

Kaloula mediolineata (Smith, 1917) Callzrla mediolineata M . A. Smith, 19 17, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 2, 224.

Type locality. Prachuap Kirikan, S. W. Siam (= Thai- land).

Distribution. Southwestern Thailand; southwestern Vietnam (Dac Lac province). [Parker, 1934; Bounet. 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 20001.

Kaloulapulchra Gray, 1831 Kaloulapulchra J . E. Gray, 1831,2001. Misc., 1, 38.

Type locality. China. Distribution. Southern China including Hainan Is-

land; Indochina; Bangladesh; Sumatra, Borneo, and Sulawesi (Indonesia); widely distributed in Vietnam inhab-

iting seaside lowlands and montane regions; ascends up to 1200 In a.s.1. [Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Liu and Hu, 1961; Taylor, 1962; Liu et a]., 1973; Berry, 1975; Dubois, 1987 "1986"; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et a]., 1993; Zliao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 2000; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.

Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 Ilficroliyla annamensis Smith, 1923 Microhyla annamensis M . A. Smith, 1923, J. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, 6 , 47.

Type locality. Sui Kat, Dran, Lang-bian Plateau (= Lang Bian Mountain, Lam Dong province), South Annam, Vietnam; 1000 m.

Distribution. Khao Sebab, Thailand; Southern Viet- nam (Lam Dong, Dac Lac, Cia Lai, Kon Tum, and Quang Nam-Danang provinces; 400 - 2000 m). [Parker, 1934; B o ~ u ~ e t , 1942; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Inger et al., 19991.

Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, "1855" 1856) Engystoma berdmorei E. Blyth, 1856, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,720.

Type locality. Pegu, Bumla (= Myanmar). Distribution. Yunnan (China); Myanmar; Thailand;

Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Malaysia; Sumatra and Borneo (Indonesia); Meghalaya (India); Bangladesh. [Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Inger, 1966; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen Sang and Ho, 1996; Dutta, 1997; Inger et al., 1999; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.

Microhyla butleri Boulenger, 1900 Microhyla butleri G. A. Boulenger, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nut. Hist., 6(7), 188.

Type locality. Larut Hills, Perak, Malaya (= Malay- sia); 4000 feet (1220 m).

Distribution. Southern China including Hainan and Taiwan; Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam; Thailand; Malaysia. [Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Chang, 1947; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Berry, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et al., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Microhyla fusca Anderson, 1943 Microliyla fusca L. G. Anderson, 1943, Ark. Zool., 34A, 9.

Type locality. Dalat (= Da Lat, Lam Dong province), southern Annam, Vietnam [11°56' N, 108°25'E].

Distribution. Southern Vietnam (Lang Bian Moun- tain, Lam Dong province). [Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987; Duellman, 19931.

Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911 Microhyla hevmonsi T . Vogt, 19 1 1 , Sitzungsber. Gesellcsh. Naturforscli. Freunde, 191 1, 18 1 .

100 Nikolai L. Orlov et al.

Type locality. Kosempo (= Chiahsien), Formosa (= Taiwan), China.

Distribution. Southern China including Hainan and Taiwan: Indochina; Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Indo- nesia). [Pope, 193 1 ; Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Chang, 1947; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Chan, 1977; Frost, 1985,2000; Dubois, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duell- man, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Ohler et a]., 2000; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Microhyla ornata (DumCril and Bibron, 1841) Engystoma ornatum A.-M.-C. Dumeril and G. Bib- ron, 1841, Erpetol. Gin., 8, 745.

Type locality. Malabar, India. Distribution. Ryukyu Islands, Japan; southern China

including Taiwan and Hainan; Indochina; Myanmar; Ban- gladesh; India (West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizo- ram, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, and Kerala); Sri Lanka; Nepal. [Pope, 1931; Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Chang, 1947; Inger, 1947; Liu, 1950; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Frost, 1985, 2000; Dubois, 1987; Yang et al., 1991; Duellman, 1993; Ye et al., 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Chanda, 1994; Shah, 1995; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Dutta 1997; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 1999; Grossmann and Tillack, 20001.

Microhyla picta Schenkel, 1901 Microhyla picta E. Schenkel, 1901, Verh. Natur- forsch. Ges., 13, 151 - 152.

Type locality. Wahrschenlich Cochinchina (now part of Southern Vietnam), Vietnam.

Distribution. Southern Vietnam. [Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 19961.

Microhylapulchra (Hallowell, 1861 "1 860") Engystoma pulchrum E. Hallowell, 1861 "1 860," Proc. Acad. Nut. Sci. Philadelphia, 12, 506.

Type locality. Between Hong Kong and Whampoa (= Huangpu or Huang Pu), Guangdong province, China.

Distribution. Southern China including Hainan Is- land; Indochina. [Parker, 1934; Bourret, 1937, 1942; Chang, 1947; Taylor, 1962; Frost, 1985,2000; Yang et al., 1991; Duellman, 1993; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 1999; Ziegler and Henmann, 20001.

Micryletta Dubois, 1987 Micryletta erythropoda (Tarkhnishvili, 1994) Microhyla erythropoda D. Tarkhnishvili, 1994, J Bengal Nut. Hist. Soc. New Ser., 13,24.

Type locality. Forest Ma Da, province Dong Nai, ~ i e t n a m .

Distribution. Dong Nai, Southern Vietnam.

[Frost, 20001.

Micryletta inornata (Boulenger, 1890) Microhyla inornata G. A. Boulenger, 1890, Proc. 2001. Soc. London, 1890,37.

Type locality. Deli and Langkat, Sumatra (Indonesia). Distribution. Myanmar; Malaysia (Malaya Penin-

sula); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Southern and Central Vietnam; Sumatra (Indonesia); Southern Yunnan (China). [Bourret, 1942; Taylor, 1962; Beny, 1975; Pillai, 1977; Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Duellman, 1993; Nguyen and Ho, 1996; Fei, 19991.

Order Gymnophiona Rafinesque, 1814 Family Epicriidae Fitzinger, 1843

(= Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968)

Zchthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 Zchthyophis bannanicus Yang, 1984 Ichthyophis bannanica D.-T. Yang, 1984, Acta Her- petol. Sinica, 3(2), 73 75.

Type locality. Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, China; 600 m.

Distribution. Yunnan, China and Vietnam (mountain regions of Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, and Cao Bang provinces, 50&1500 m [Undoubtedly, the actual distribution of this species in northern Vietnam is considerably wider what is confirmed by inquiries of the local Vietnamese farmers]). [Bourret, 1937 (as I. glutinosus); Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Ad- ler, 1993; Zhao and Yang, 1997; Fei, 19991.

Ichthyophis sp. Note. Other forms have been discovered in northeast-

em Vietnam and mountain regions of southern Annam. The taxonomic status of these forms is under study. They ap- pear to be new species.

Order Caudata Scopoli, 1777 Family Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820

Paramesotriton Chang, 1935 Paramesotriton deloustali (Bourret, 1934) Mesotriton deloustali R. Bourret, 1934, Ann. Bull. Gin. Instr. Publique Hanoi, 1934(4), 83.

Type locality. Tam Dao (Tam Dao Village in Tam Dao Mountain), Tonkin, Vietnam; 900 m.

Distribution. Northern Vietnam, montane regions of Vinh Phu, Bac Thai, and southern part of Cao Bang prov- inces; 600 - 1900 m. [Bourret, 1937, 1942; Frost, 1985,2000; Nguyen and Ho, 19961.

Paramesotriton guangxiensis (Huang, Tang et Tang, 1983) Trituroides guangxiensis Z.-Y. Huang, Z.-Y. Tang, and Z.-M. Tang, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica. New Ser., 2(2), 37.

Type locality. Mount Paiyang, Ningming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 478 m.

Herpetofauna of Vietnam. A Checklist. Part I. Amphibia 101

Distribution. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; northeastern part of Cao Bang province, Vietnam; 400 - 600 m.

[Frost, 1985,2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Fei, 19991.

Echinotriton Nussbaum et Brodie, 1982 Echinotriton asperrimus (Unterstein, 1930) Qlototriton asperrim~ls W. Unterstein, "1 929" 1930, Sitzungsber. Gesellsch. Naturforsch. Freunde, 1930, 3 14.

Type locality. Yao shan (= Dayao Shan), Kwangsi (= Guangxi), China; 1500 m.

Distribution. Guangxi, Guangdong, Gansu, Sichuan, and Hubei provinces and Hainan Island, China; Northern Vietnam.

Note. Nussbaum et al. (1995) discussed reasons for transferring this species from Echinotriton to Tylotriton. Zhao et al. (2000) recognized this species as belonging to Echinotriton.

[Bourret, 1942; Liu et al., 1973; Zhao and Hu, 1984; Frost, 1985, 2000; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Nussbaum et al., 1995; Fei, 1999; Zhao et al., 20001.

Tylototriton Anderson, 1871 Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871 Tylototriton verrucosus J. Anderson, 1 87 1 , Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871,423.

Type locality. Hotha (Husa, Longchuan County) val- ley, Western Yunnanprovince, China; 5000 feet (1520 m).

Distribution. China (Yunnan); northern Myanmar; In- dia (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Darjeeling [West Ben- gal]); Bhutan; eastern Nepal; northem Thailand (Chieng Dao to Phu Luang); northwestemn Vietnam (Lai Chau province).

[Bourret, 1942: Frost, 1985, 2000; Yang et al., 1991; Zhao and Adler, 1993; Shah, 1995; Dutta, 1997; Fei, 1999; Frost, 2000; Zhao et al., 20001.

Acknowledgements. We are very grateful to Viet- nam's Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) for the organization of the fieldwork in Vietnam, to Roman Khalikov and Oksana Titschenko for their kind as- sistance in the prepapation of the manuscript. Fieldwork was supported by funds provided to Robert W. Murphy from the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) Foundation, ROM Member's Volunteer Committee, ROM Centre for Biodi- versity and Conservation Biology, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (gmat No. A3145), and Mr. Keith Beckley & Dr. Martha Richardson. For assistance in the filed we thank Nguyen van Sang, Rafael de Sa, Leslie Lowcock, Tom Mason, Eugene M. Ry- baltovsky, and the undergraduate and graduate students from the University of Toronto. We especially thankful to Raoul Bain and Amy Lathrop for fruitful comments and corrections of the previous version of this paper.

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