heritage sites of bidar and gulbarga

8/9/2019 heritage sites of bidar and gulbarga

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/heritage-sites-of-bidar-and-gulbarga 1/44

A STUDY ON BAHAMANI SULTANS MONUMENTS

P.G. DEPARTMENT IN TOURISM [M T A]

NAGESH PATIL

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM

According to WTO Tourism encompasses the activities of persons travelling and

staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure,

business and other purposes.

In general tourism is defined as a person travelling from his own residence at least

50Kms (1way) and he has to stay overnight with payable accommodation.

In order to understand tourism systematically it is very important to know various

components which together make tourism happen. There are three major components

in tourism.

They are

1. Transportation

2. Attraction

3. Accommodation

1. Transportation:

There can be no travel if there is no transportation. Travel involves movement of

people from their origin to destination and it is possible only if there is some mode of

transport. Connectivity is very important in tourism development; this could be possible

only if adequate transportation infrastructure is efficient, comfortable and inexpensive. A

tourist in order to get to his destination therefore needs some mode of transport. This

may be a motor car, a coach, an aero plane, a ship or a train which enable a traveler to





reach to a predetermined destination. In many countries tourism is developed only

because of adequate major components. Especially a good transportation facility makes

these countries to become a major tourist destination. The development of technology is

caused for invention of new mode of transportation. Today a man can travel anywhere

in the world with safety and also with inexpensive fare.

2. Attractions:

Attraction is yet another important major component of it may include what it offers

to tourist. The holiday destination may offer natural attractions like sunshine, scenic

beauty and sporting facility. Man made attractions like historical monuments,

archeological sites or any type of entertainment. The destination with attractions and

amenities is the most important as these are very basic for tourism. Unless these are

not there the tourist will not motivated to go a particular place. However since interest

and taste of tourist varies widely, they might choose from a wide range of attractions

available at various destinations all over the world.

Types of attractions:

Traditions: National festivals, Arts and Handicrafts, Music, Folklore, Native life,Costumes.

Cultural: Sites and areas of archeological interest, Historical Buildings, places of

Historical

Significance, Political and Educational institutions, Religious institutions etc

Scenic: National parks, Wild life, Flora and Fauna, Beach resort, Mountain resort etc.

Entertainment: Participation and visiting sports, Amusement and Recreation parks,

Cinemas, Night life, Cruises.

Other Attractions: Climate, Health Resorts and Spas.





3. Accommodation:

Accommodation plays a central role and vary basic tourist destination. WTO on

its definition of tourist has stated that the tourist must spend at least one night in the

destination visited to be qualified as a tourist. The availability of good accommodation

makes a destination very popular tourist attraction.

Accommodations provide hospitality and also tourist feels ³Home Away From Home´.

These are the three major components of tourism which motivate tourist to travel

towards destinations. Along with these three major components there are various minor

components which help to make tourism development at the destination. They include

1. Travel Agent.

2. Tour Operator.

3. Tourist Guide.

4. Car Rental Companies.

5. Shopping Complex.

6. Health Centers etc.

IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM IN INDIAN ECONOMY

Tourism is a powerful economic force providing employment, foreign exchange,

income and tax revenue. The generators of economic impact for a city a state, a country

or a destination area or visitors their expenditure and the multiplier effect. The economic

impact of tourism spending is a function of numbers of domestic and international

visitor¶s expenditure.

Because goods and service provided to tourist are really inputs to the process of

providing the experience demand for them is derived from demand for tourism. Some

goods and services are complimentary and their demand is interrelated in a positive





fashion. Package tours have the characteristics of putting all parts and services

together, so they can become complementary. Competitions occur among tours, tour

operator can maximize profits by selling tour of different values and costs in order to

cater who as many people as possible among demand. The number of people can be

accommodated can be determined from the marginal cost of the tour and the marginal

revenue to be derived from a given price level.

a) Employment Generation:

The WTTC (World Tour and Travel Council) estimated that employment in the

travel and tourism is 8.2% of the total employment. Tourism provides both direct

and indirect employment. Firms such as hotels, restaurants, airlines, cruise liners

and resorts provide direct employment because their employees are in contact with

the tourist and provide tourist the experiences. Employees of firms providing goods

and services to the direct employment firms such as aircraft manufacturing,

construction firms and restaurant suppliers create direct employment.

b) Tourism increases tax revenue :

Tourist must pay taxes like most other people. Because they come from other

regions or countries, their expenditure represent an increased tax based for the

host government in addition to usual sales tax. Tourist sometimes pays taxes less

direct way. Airport taxes ±exit fee, custom duty, and charges applied for granting

VISA, these are just few examples of commonly used methods of taxing tourist. In

some countries for instance the room rate at a hotel can be different for the tourist

than for resident. Apart from these special cases the actual tax collected for both

tourism and residents increase because of tourism expenditure.

c) Income:

Tourism stimulates the economy of the area in which the development occurs.

Most of all in popular tourism destination local community were generating income

by tourist expenditure. In international tourism the rate of expenditure will be more





compared to domestic tourism. Service providers to tourist like local transportation,

linkage, accommodation operator, entertainer, shopping complex etc. they can earn

money from tourism activities.

d) Foreign exchange earnings:

Earning of foreign exchange is one of the most major benefits of tourism. Many

countries including India give preferences to tourism because of its contributions

towards forex. International tourism defines a person must stay at least 24 hours

and less than one year when length of stay of an international tourist increase his

expenditure generates maximum foreign exchange to any host country in any

tourist destination service provided to international tourist, the service provider will

charge high.





Objectives

To study the bahamani sultan history and their contribution.

To study historical monuments of their period.

To study the features of Indo-Islamic architecture.

To check the developmental activity for tourism in both district.

To study the cultural contribution of the bahamani sultan in both district.





Chapter 2

The Bahamani Kings

2.1 Bahamani Kingdom introduction

The Bahmani Sultanate (Also called the Bahmanid Empire) was a Muslim state

of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms.

Bahmanid Sultanate was the first independent Islamic and Shiite Kingdom in South

India.

The sultanate was founded on 3rd of August 1347 by governor Ala-ud-Din Hassan

Bahman Shah, possibly of Tajik-Persian descent, who revolted against the Sultan of

Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq. Nazir uddin Ismail Shah who had revolted against the

Delhi sultanate stepped down on that day in favour of Zafar Khan who ascended the

throne with the title of Alauddin Bahman Shah. His revolt was successful, and he

established an independent state on the Deccan within the Delhi Sultanate's southern

provinces. The Bahmani capital was Ahsanabad (Gulbarga) between 1347 and 1425

when it was moved to Muhammadabad (Bidar).

The Bahmani contested the control of the Deccan with the Hindu Vijayanagar

Empire to the south. The sultanate reached the peak of its power during the vizierate

(1466±1481) of Mahmud Gawan. After 1518 the sultanate broke up into five states:

Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda, known collectively as the Deccan

sultanates.

According to Islamic historians, a rebel chieftain of Saulatabad (an area around

Ellora) which was under Muhammad Bin Tughalaq founded the Bahamani kingdom.

Allauddin Hassan, a man of humble origin assumed the name of Gangu Bahamani in

memory of his patron, a Brahmin. His kingdom comprised of Deccan plateau, including

parts of present day Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. Bahanamis of





Deccan left a important heritage of Indo-Islamic art, language, and spread of Islamic

tradition in South India.

About eighteen kings ruled during the nearly 200 years after which the kingdom

got divided into four smaller ones like Barishahi (Bidar), Kutbshahi (of Golkonda),

Adamshahi( of Ahmadnagar), and Adilshahi (of Bijapur).

2.2 HISTORY OF BAHMANIS OF DECCAN

The Bahmani Deccan on the north was bounded by the Vindhyas included the

whole of Berar and a part of the modern Madhya Pradesh; on south its frontier was

shifting up to Krishna. The eastern kingdom was reached up to Rajah Mundary. On the

western frontier occupation was up to Konkan till the end of the Kingdom.

The Delhi Saltanate King Muhammad bin Tughluq had an effective control over

his Empire in the first phase of his reign which extended to as far south as Madura and

even further. He after 727 AH/1327 AD divided his Capital in two for some time, one at

Delhi and other at Deogir, later named as Quwwatul Islam and then Daulatabad. He

constructed a highway to connect Delhi with Daulatabad which was first of its kind in the

history of India. He did this for the better control over his huge Empire seeing rebellious

activities from south Kings and Amirs. Earliest Deccan rebellion was Sultan's maternal

cousin, Baha-ud-din Gurshasp in 727 AH/1327 AD. He ordered leading Muslim families

of Delhi to migrate to new capital Daulatabad. During the first period 1327-1341 AD

there was perfect peace in the southern India. Decision of second capital was

apparently a great success for the Tughlaq Empire. Very soon the nobles and amirs

have broken the unity of the Empire and establish the independence of the Deccan

which was to last for three centuries and a half.

In 737 AH Shihab-i-Sultani Nusrat Khan, Governor of Bidar claimed himself King.

In 740 AH Ali Shah Nathu proclaimed himself king at Dharur with the title of Ala-ud-din

Ali Shah and was joined by his three brothers Hasan Gangu, Ahmad and Muhammad.





Syed Jalaluddin Ahsan Governor of Kaithal was able to found Royal Dynasty in Madura

in 734 AH. He defeated Narayana after breaking the wall of Mudgal Fort in 1342 AD.

Mudgal Fort pre Bahmani and Post Bahmani New Amirs appointed by Delhi Sultan

carried out a successful revolution and created an independent Kingdom in Deccan in

746 AH. Amirs selected Abul Fatah Nasiruddin Ismail Shah as their King in 746 AH

against Sultan. Zafar Khan defeated Sultan¶s army. Zafar Khan was received by Ismail

Shah. Ismail Shah Asked Zafar Khan to become the King with the title of Sikandar-uth-

thani Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah al-wali. The new King was crowned on Friday

Aug 3, 1347 (24.04.748 AH) in the mosque of Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah Khalji at

Daulatabad. After a long reign Bahmani Saltanate broken into five offshoots, viz. Nizam

Shahi at Ahmadnagar, Imad Shahi at Berar, Barid Shahi at Bidar, Adil Shahi at Bijapur

and Qutub Shahi at Golkunda.

Family Tree of Bahmani Kings

During the 191 years of Bahmani reign following rulers ruled with Gulbarga and

Bidar as their capital:

Gulbarga Period (75 years)

1. Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah 1347 - 1358 AD

2. Muhammad I 1358 - 1375 AD

3. Ala-ud-din Mujahid Shah 1375 - 1378 AD

4. Daud Shah I 1378 - 1378 AD

5. Muhammad II 1378 - 1397 AD

6. Ghiyas-ud-din Tahmatan Shah 1397 - 1397 AD

7. Shams-ud-din Daud Shah II 1397 - 1397 AD

8. Taj-ud-din Firoz Shah 1397 - 1422 AD





Bidar Period (116 years)

9. Shihab-ud-din Ahmad Shah I 1422 - 1436 AD

10. Ala-ud-din Ahmad Shah II 1436 - 1458 AD

11. Ala-ud-din Humayun Shah 1458 - 1461 AD

12. Nizam-ud-din Ahmad Shah III 1461 - 1463 AD

13. Shams-ud-din Muhammad Shah III 1463 - 1482 AD

14. Shihab-ud-din Mahmud 1482 - 1518 AD

15. Ahmad Shah IV 1518 - 1520 AD

16. Ala-ud-din Shah 1520 - 1523 AD

17. Wai-ullah Shah 1523 - 1526 AD

18. Kalim-ullah Shah 1526 - 1538 AD





2.3 FAMILY TREE OF BAHMANI KINGS

ALA-UD-DIN HASAN BAHMAN SHAH(Aug 3, 1347 - Feb 11, 1358 AD)

Hasan Gangu s/o Kaikaus

Capital: Gulbarga

Founder of Bahmani Dynasty of Deccan

Nasir-ud-din Ismail Shah asked Zafar Khan to become the King with the title of

Sikandar- uth- thani Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah al-wali. The new King was

crowned on Friday Aug 3, 1347 in the mosque of Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah Khalji at

Daulatabad. According to one historian Hasan was the nephew of Malik Hizhbar-ud-din

entitled Zafar Khan' Alai, who was killed in 1298 AD when Hasan was only 6 years old.

The first act of the new king was to transfer his title of Zafar Khan to Prince Muhammad.

King adopted the title of Bahman. He sent Qutbul Mulk who conquered Kotgir, Maram,

Mahendri and Akkal Kot. Qir Khan was sent to conquer Kalyan. After the news of this

great victory of Kalyan, King renamed Daulatabad to Fatahabad.

Sikandar was send to Malkher which was held by the Hindu Zamindars who opposed

first but subdued later. Krishna Nayak of Tilangana entered into treaty and became

friend of Sikandar and loyal to the King. Quir Khan revolted and was beheaded by the

king. King renamed Gulbarga as Ahsanabad and made it the capital of Deccan.

Hasan Gangu

Abu'l Muzaffar Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah ( August 3, 1347 - 1358), whose original name

was Hasan Gangu or Hasan Kanku and also bore the title of Zafar Khan was the

founder of the Bahmani sultanate.

Ancestry and early life





Early historians, Tabataba and Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad believe that Hasan was

descended from the Persian king Bahman, son of Isfandiyar. But Firishta emphatically

asserts that this genealogy was fabricated after Hasan's accession to the throne by the

flatterers and poets though he has seen the same genealogy in the royal library at

Ahmadnagar. He believes that his origin was too obscure to admit or being traced. He

thinks that Hasan was an Afghan by birth. He was servant of an astrologer Brahmin

named Gangu of Delhi and was blessed by him. Gangu began his career as a general

serving under the Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq. He received the title of Zafar Khan

after becoming a governor. In 1347 he was made commander of an army in

Daulatabad. On August 3, 1347 Nasir-ud-Din Ismail Shah (Ismail Mukh, whom the rebel

amirs of the Deccan placed on the throne of Daulatabad in 1345) abdicated in his favour

and he set up the Bahmani Kingdom with its headquarters at Ahsanabad (Gulbarga).

The reign

On establishing an independent kingdom Gangu took the title of Abu'l-Muzaffar

Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah. The name Bahmani Kingdom was derived after the Brahmin

caste of Gangu (who had blessed Hasan). Another theory was that the name Bahman

came from Hasan's claim of descent from the Iranian hero Bahman, which also lead to

the dynasty and kingdom having the name Bahmani. He gave Ismail Mukh a jagir near

Jamkhandi and later conferred to him the highest title of his kingdom, Amir-ul-Umara.

But Narayana, a local Hindu chieftain still succeeded in turning Ismail against Bahman

Shah for a short period before he poisoned Ismail.

Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal in 1350 and forced its ruler

Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress of Kaulas. His kingdom was divided into four

provinces and he appointed a governor for each province. During his reign Hasan

fought many wars with Vijayanagar. By the time of his death the kingdom stretched from

north to south from the Wainganga River to Krishna and east to west from Bhongir to

Daulatabad.

He was succeeded by his son Muhammad Shah I after his death in 1358.





The King died on Feb 11, 1358 at the age of 67.

Silver Coins struck in the name of Bahman Shah in 760 AH indicates that he might have

died some time in 760 AH and hence Muhammad Shah I ascended the throne in 760

AD.

MUHAMMAD SHAH I

(Feb 11, 1358 - April 21, 1375)

(Zafar Khan)

Son of Bahman Shah

Capital: Gulbarga

Muhammad Shah ascended the throne on 1-3-759 AH. He is better known as

organizer of Bahmani Kingdom and founder of its institutions. His Silver throne from his

father was replaced by the magnificent Takht-e-Firoza (Turquoise Throne) on March 23,

1363 presented to him by Raya of Tilangana. He constructed Jama Masjid in Gulbarga

Fort and Shah Bazaar Masjid in Gulbarga town. In 764 AH Sultan invaded Tilangana,

Kanya Nayak offered Huns, elephants and horses along with Golkunda Town. Sultan

died on Zi-qada 19, 776 AH / April 21, 1375 AD.

Silver Coins struck in the name of Muhammad Shah I in 778 AH, Silver coin of

777 AH and a Gold coin of 778 AH is also known. No coin of his successor Mujahid

Shah of dated 776 AH are known. Mujahid Shah's Gold coins of 777 AH are known.

This indicates that Muhammad Shah I might have died in 777 AH. And 778 AH issue

may be a posthumously in his Mujahid Shah's reign.





ALAUD-DIN MUJAHID SHAH

(April 21, 1375 - April 16, 1378)

Son of Muhammad Shah

Capital: Gulbarga

Muhammad I was succeeded by his son Ala-ud-din Mujahid Shah at the age of

19. Mujahid Shah was murdered by Masud Khan (son of Mubarak Khan) and Daud

Khan.

DAUD SHAH I

(April 16, 1378 - May 21, 1378)

Son of Mahmud Shah S/o Bahman Shah

Capital: Gulbarga

Immediately on Mujahid's murder Daud Shah proclaimed king of Deccan and all

those present paid homage to him. It is said that Ruh Parwar Agha (Mujahid's sister) got

Daud murdered through a royal slave Bakah while he was attending Friday prayer on

22nd of Muharram, 780 AH in great mosque of Gulbarga Fort.

MUHAMMAD SHAH II

(May 21, 1378 - April 20, 1397 AD)

Son of Mahmud Shah S/o Bahman Shah

Capital : Gulbarga

Ruh Parwar after taking revenge of her brother's death, blinded Sanjar (S/o Daud

I ). She put Muhammad II brother of Daud I on throne. Muhammad Shah II's 19 year

reign was one of the most peaceful periods in the whole Bahmani history. Since he had

no son so he adopted two sons Firoz Shah and Ahmad I of his uncle Ahmad Khan s/o

Bahman Shah. But after the birth of Tahmatan Shah, Muhammad on his death bed





wished that Ghiyasuddin Tahmatan Shah should succeed him and Firoz and Ahmad

should pay homage to him.

Muhammad died of typhoid. The next day died the grand old man of the Deccan Mallik

Saif-ud-din Ghori who had lived through five reigns and who was the Prime Minister of

Bahmani State in the time of storm and three of four rulers.

GHIYAS-UD-DIN TAHMATAN SHAH

(April 20, 1397 - June 14, 1397 AD)

S/o Muhammad Shah II

Capital: Gulbarga

Muhammad's elder son Ghiyas-ud-din Tahmatan Shah succeeded to the throne

without any trouble. Taghalchin (Turkish slave) who wanted to be the Prime Minister

arranged a big feast at which king was also invited. Taghalchin blinded the king and

imprisoned him at Sagar and his step brother Shams-ud-din Daud II was put on the

throne.

SHAMS-UD-DIN DAUD SHAH II

(June 14, 1397 AD - Nov 15, 1397 AD)

S/o Muhammad II

Capital: Gulbarga

The first thing the boy king was made to do was to promote Taghalchin to be the

Malik Naib and Mir Jumla of the kingdom. The manumitted slave girl who was

Shamsuddin's mother was now raised to the rank and title of Makhduma-i-Jahan

(Dowager Queen). Taghalchin tried to persuade Shamsuddin to imprison Firoz and

Ahmad and asked king's mother to have them done to death. On hearing of the

conspiracy the two brothers fled to Sagar. Firoz proclaimed himself king making his

younger brother Ahmad Khan Amir-ul-umra, Mir Fazlil-lah Inju Wakil (Prime Minister).





He had the blind boy Ghiyasuddin Tahmatan with him. He directly attacked into the

Darbar Hall Taghalchin and his son was killed Daud II was blinded and allowed to move

Mecca with his mother. Shamsuddin Daud II died in 1414 AD at Mecca.

TAJ-UD-DIN FIROZ SHAH

(Nov 16, 1397 - Sep 22, 1422)

S/o Ahmad Khan s/o Bahman Shah

Capital: Gulbarga

Firoz Shah was one of the most learned of Indian sovereigns. He was a good

calligrapher and poet (poetic name Uruji or Firozi). Among other public works he under

took the construction of an Observatory on the chain of hills near Daulatabad called

Balaghat in 810 which could not be completed due to his death.

Hazrat Khwaja Syed Muhammad Gesu Daraz was a Sufi (saint) and was deeply

related with the Bahmani kings and the people of Gulbarga. He was the s/o Syed Yusuf

who came to Daulatabad in the reign of Muhammad Tughlaq. Hazrat was born on Jan

30, 1331 and started living near Gulbarga Jama Masjid. He died on Nov 1, 1422 AD at

the age of 105 years. Firoz Shah paid tribute to him. He gave him many villages for his

maintenance.

He knows and can carry translation in Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Telugu,

Kannada, Marathi, Bengali and many other languages. He tamed prince Bukka and

Harihara of Vijayanagar and Narasingha of Kherla in battle.

Firoz's army tried to kill Ahmad Khan (brother of Firoz) but defeated in battle

fought cleverly by Ahmad. Gates of the city was opened for Ahmad and he was taken to

dying king Firoz. Firoz died on Sep 28, 1422.





SHIHAB-UD-DIN AHMAD I

(Sep 22, 1422 - Apr 17, 1436 AD)

S/o Ahmad Khan s/o Bahman Shah

Capital: Bidar

At the beginning of his reign he suffered the shock of the death of Hazrat Khwaja

Syed Muhammad Gesu Daraz. He decided and shifted his capital from Gulbarga to

Bidar between 827-830 AH. He made Khalaf Hasan Basri as his Wakil-e-Saltanate

(Prime Minister).

He constructed the Tomb of Gesu Daraz at Gulbarga.Ahmad Shah attacked

Vijayanagar and over powered Vijayaraya I. In the last year of his reign he appointed his

eldest son Ala-ud-din Zafar Khan to be his heir, giving him the full charge of kingdom.

King died after a short illness

ALA-UD-DIN AHMAD II

(Apr 17, 1436 - May 6, 1458 AD)

S/o Ahmad Shah I

Capital: Bidar

Ahmad I had been very successful as a king and when he died he was popular

even to the extent of being regarded as a saint. His son Zafar Khan who assumed the

title of Ahmad on his accession. He gave preference to newcomers from outside over

the old in his cabinet. This created a great cleavage between them and the Dakhnis (old

comers). He married the daughter of Raja of Sangmeswar and gave her the title of Zeba

Chehra apart from the daughter of Nasir Khan Faruqi of Khandesh Agha Zainab.

There became two party, apparently the old-comers and the new-comers. King

died early due to his wound in his shin (front of lower leg)





Silver Coins struck in the name of Ahmad Shah II has been reported. No coin of Ahmad

Shah I has been reported so for. This confirms that Ahmad Shah II ascended the throne

in when Ahmad I was alive.

ALA-UD-DIN HUMAYUN SHAH

(May 7, 1458 - Sep 4, 1461 AD)

S/o Ahmad Shah II

Capital: Bidar

Ahmad Shah II had nominated his eldest son Humayun heir to his throne. King

made Khwaja Mahmud Gawan, Malik-ut-tujjar, trafdar of Bijapur and Wakil-e-Sultunate

giving him full control of military matters. Humayun was a very short tempered and cruel

man. He made his own cousin Sikandar Khan as Sipahsalar. Sikandar became

rebellion and was crushed to death with the help of Mahmud Gawan. Humayun died on

28th Zi-Qada 865 AH.

Coins struck in the name of Humayun Shah 866 AH indicates that he might have died

some time in 866 AH and hence Ahmad Shah III ascended the throne in 866 AH.

NIZAM-UD-DIN AHMAD III

(Sep 4, 1461 - Jul 30, 1463 AD)

S/o Humayun Shah

Capital: Bidar

On Humayun's death his son Ahmad succeeded to the throne as Nizam-ud-din

Ahmad III at the age of 8. He was escorted to the throne by Shah Muhib-ul-la and Syed-

us-Sadat Syed Hanif. Late king had nominated a council of Regency constituting of

Khwaja-e-Jahan Turk, Mahmud Gawan with the Dowager Queen Makhduma-e-Jahan

Nargis Begum. Master mind which ruled the country during the short reign of Ahmad

Shah III was that of the great queen. All the political prisoners of Humayun period were





released. Ahmad III died on the very night of his marriage on 13th Zi-Qada and was

succeeded by his younger brother Muhammad Khan as Shams-ud-din Muhammad

Shah III.

SHAMS-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD SHAH III

(Jul 30, 1463 - Mar 26, 1482 AD)

S/o Humayun Shah

Capital: Bidar

Shamsuddin Muhammad was between 9 and 10 years when he succeeded his

elder brother. He was escorted to the Turquoise Throne by Shah Mohib-ul-lah (who was

released by his captor Mahmud Khalji of Malwa) and Syed Hanif. Nizam-ul-mulk

murdered Khwaja-e-Jahan Turk (one of the member of the three party committee of

Regency after the death of Humayun) ) at the instance of Queen in the presence of boy

king in 870 AH.

Mohammad Shah III got married at the age of 14 years. Dowager Queen retired

from active role. Malik-ut-tujjar Mahmud Gawan was made Prime Minister. The Prime

Minister ship of Mahmud Gawan saw the Bahmani State attaining high unequalled in

the whole of its history. During this period Parenda Fort, Great College of Bidar and

Madarsa at Bidar. Kherla was besieged in 872 AH. Kapileswar of Orissa was defeated

in 1470 AD. Goa was annexed on 20th of Shaban 876 AH. Queen Dowager died in 877

AH.

Boundaries of Bahmani Kingdom now touching the Bay of Bengal in the east and

the Arabian Sea in the west. Mahmud Gawan was one of the first ministers in Medieval

India to order a systematic measurement of land, fixing the boundaries of villages and

towns and making a thorough enquiry into the assessment of revenue.

King annexed Kanchi on 1st Muharram, 886 AH. This was the southernmost

point ever reached by Bahmani. Nobles conspired against Khwaja Mahmud Gawan and





prepared a false paper on behalf of Khwaja saying he wants Deccan to be partitioned

between him and Purushottum of Orissa. King sentenced Khwaja to death on 5th Safar

886 AH at the age of 73. Later King came to know that Khwaja was innocent. He

appointed his son Mahmud as his heir. He died on 5th Safar 887 AH.

SHIHAB-UD-DIN MAHMUD

(Mar 26, 1482 - Dec 27, 1518 AD)

S/o Ahmad Shah III

Capital: Bidar

The long reign of Mahmud Shah Bahmani, was a period of gradual weakening of

the state. He ascended the throne at the age of 12 years, when new-comers had been

over thrown. New Regency was formed with Queen as president. Qasim Barid was

entitled with Barid-ul-mumalik.

King began to indulge in wine women and song and spent so much money that

he had to extract many jewels from the Turquoise throne at the instigation of Qasim

Barid. Qasim Barid forced Mahmud to make Prime Minister of the kingdom in 897 AH.

Malik Ahmad Nizamul-mulk revolted and made a beautiful palace making it the center

of his newly created capital, which he named after himself, Ahmadnagar in 900 AH.

Qutbul-Mulk was appointed as the Governor of Tilangana in 901 AH /1495-96 AD who

controlled over Warangal, Rajakonda, Dewarkonda and Kovilkonda. Qasim Barid died

in 910 AH and was succeeded by his son Amir Barid. Ahmad Nizam died in 914 AH and

succeeded by his son Burhan. Sultan died on 24th Zil-hij 924 AH.





AHMAD SHAH IV

(Dec 27, 1518 - Dec 15, 1520 AD)

S/o Mahmud Shah

Capital: Bidar

Amir Barid was very clever, He put Mahmud's son Ahmad on throne. Amir Barid was

careful that king should not leave the palace but he actually set about to spoil his life

and morals. New Sultan was forced to break up the ancient crown of the Bahmanis,

worth 15 lakhs of Rupees (Rs. 1,500,000). And sell the jewels in order to provide

himself with the means of ease and pleasure. Sultan died on 1st Muharram 927 AH.

ALA-UD-DIN SHAH

(Dec 28, 1520 - Mar 5, 1523 AD)

S/o Ahmad Shah IV

Capital: Bidar

Amir Barid's wish to become king was rekindled with Ahmad's death. He put the

crown on Ahmad's son Ala-ud-din on 17th of Rabi-us-sani 929 AH after 15 days of

thinking. The new Sultan was wise and courageous. Amir Barid conspired against him

and Sultan was dethroned on 17th Rabi-us-sani 929 AH.

WALI-UL-LAH SHAH

(Mar 5, 1523 - 1526 AD)

S/o Mahmud Shah

Capital: Bidar

Amir Barid put Waliullah son of Mahmud on throne. He was imprisoned in his

own zanana (ladies room) and lived on bread and clothes provided to him by his

master. Amir Barid married the pretty Bibi Sitti, Ahmad's widow who was just 22-23

yrs. Amir Barid was now a royal kinsman and was free to enter the zanana apartment of





the palace. He began to make love with the queen. When Sultan resisted he was

poisoned in the beginning of 932 AH.

Coin of Waliullah struck in 928 AH and no coin of Alauddin Shah of 928 AH

indicates that Alauddin Shah was dethroned in 928 AH and Waliullah ascended the

throne in 928 AH.

Coins struck in the name of Kalimullah in 930 AH indicate that he ascended the throne

in 930 AH and Wali-ullah died in 930 AH.

KALIM-UL-LAH SHAH

(1526 - 1527 AD)

S/o Mahmud Shah

Capital: Bidar

Kalimullah son of Mahmud Shah was the last king of the Bahmani Dynasty. He

was closely guarded by Amir Barid. A new political force had now appeared on the

Indian Horizon in the person of Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur. All the rulers of Deccan

i.e. Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar, and Burhanpur sent their congratulations to the Mughal

conqueror. Kalimullah also wrote letter to Babur to relieve him from Amir Barid. This

news was leaked and out of fear of his life Kalimullah Shah fled to Bijapur in 934 AH /

1527 AD. He was not welcomed there. He left for Ahmadnagar. He was first received

well by Burhan Nizamul Mulk, but never again called in open court. Kalimullah soon

breathed his last in Ahmadnagar. His coffin was brought to Bidar. His date of death

could not be confirmed. After the death of Kalimullah his son Ilhamullah proceeded to

Mecca and never returned.





2.4 MONUMENATS OF BAHAMANI SULTANS

GULBARGA

Massive fort of Gulbarga

Today massive fort of Gulbarga is the prominent attraction for the tourist who

visits Gulbarga they don¶t want to miss the treasure trove of this region, Lakkanna

Dandesha the Prime Minister of Prouda Devaraya was staying here and made Gulbarga

as an important provincial headquarter. The fabulous fort, occupying an area of 200

acres of land & 3 k.m consist of the two round fortifications. The outer wall is of lesser

height while the inner wall is of greater height; there is a 30 feet deep moat around. The

fort carries tene at regular intervals & has 15 bastions with sum of 26 guns, one of

cannons is about 25 feet long, and Arabic and Persian words were carved on the stone

in the premises. Where at the principal entrance to the fort is located a well called

Kamana Bavi, inside the fort is an elevated µRanamandal¶ a huge structure situated in

the center of the fort used for cannons firing position, Ranamandal consists of well

equipped three cannons. There is a flight of steps in Ranamandal with arched doors

and small arches were located in the premises. Inside the fort Horse and elephantstables and other small structure can seen. There is an opinion that in the architecture

of Gulbarga fort there is deep influence of west Asia & European Military Architecture.

Jumma Masjid.

Though the palace & other structures inside the fort are now laid to ground, the

splendid, Jumma Masjid, which is still in well preserved condition, is noteworthy, built &

completed in 1367 by Rafi, an architect hailing from Kwajwin province of Iran, During

the period of Mohammad I. This Masjid is one among the oldest mosque in south India.

Jumma Masjid was built in an area of 40,000 sq.feet & it is a testimony for artistic

temperament, which still surviving in Gulbarga¶s fort this distinctive mosque has a length

of 216 feet (east-west)& a width of 176 feet (north-south), this is only one mosque is

located in India which neither the open courtyard nor hauz fund in a traditional mosque





is noticed in this supported on 140 pillars, this mosque has 250 arches & five large

domes of which the central dome is 63 feet in diameter, domes on the top it seems like

a collection of huge pots. The style of architecture was showing influence of Persian

with stilted domes & narrow doors. Its interior surface is decorated with flowers &

creepers. There are 63 smaller domes also. The impact of Persian architecture tradition

in this monument. Inside the mosque on the 2nd, 8th and 9th rows arched line on the

dome they carved small windows for the ventilation purpose by that light spread

mosque. The plan of the mosque resembles the famous mosque of Cordova city of

Spain. Amazing arched lines shows architectural splendor one can get wonderful

experience by standing the corner of the mosque he will be visible till who stands at

other corner of the arched line.

Inside the fort there is a Vishnu Temple but the statue of Vishnu is missing here.

The temple is in the ruined condition only pillars can be seen still today. Two more

temples can be seen in the fort which is also in the ruined condition. The Swyamprabu

temple, which is situated in eastern side of the fort. There is little opinion that this temple

was built during the period of Lakkanna Dandesha and the temple also built in the 14th

century. The temple pillars carvings which still survive and the same carvings we can

see in Jalasangi temple which is situated few K.M away from Humana bad taluk.

The Gulbarga fort contains large buildings, temples, stables, ammunition go downs,

carriage and several beautiful courtyards. The fort and the buildings in the fort, have

been recognized as national monuments by A.S.I, and are guided by Ancient

Monuments & Archaeology Remains Act 1958 (24oct1958). The fort is repaired by the

A.S.I; Gulbarga Urban Development Authority has stated that land will be identified

where the families of the encroachers will be shifted. Over 150 families are currently

encroaching the fort and they have been quite successful in destroying the historical

monument. Whatever little is left of the fort, will also be totally destroyed it some

measure is not taken immediately.





Haft Gumbaz

Haft Gumbaz or Seven Domes is a mausoleum of the Bahamani Dynasty and is

located in Gulbarga, Karnataka. Situated on the eastern outskirts of Gulbarga, this

magnificent tomb extends from east to west. The tombs include that of Mujahid Shah,

Daud shah, Ghiyath al Din Shah and Shams al Din Shah. This mausoleum of the

Bahamani royal family situated on the eastern outskirts of Gulbarga and it extends from

east to west. From the west, Mujahid Shah (3rd Bahamani Sultan/ 1375-78), and Daud

Shah (4th B.S./1378). To the northeast of these are Ghiyath al Din Shah (6th B.S./1397),

and Shams al Din Shah (7th B.S. / 1397). To the southeast of these is Firuz Shah (8 th

B.S./ 1397-1422), and to the south and northeast there are some anonymous tombs.

A) TOMB OF MUJAHID SHAH

Tombs of seven rulers after the middle period of the Bahamani Dynasty were built

in the outskirts of Gulbarga, separated from the tombs of two predecessors. From the

number of tombs, this place has been called "Haft Gumbaz" or "Seven Domed

Architecture". On the south side of a narrow road, there are nine tombs including two

which are anonymous. This tomb of the 3rd sultan (1375-78) remains at the west end of

the tombs in this area. The tomb is built on a low but a large basement, crowned by a

dome and having 3 arch-shaped entrances in different sizes on each wall except the

west and the north. It is a tomb with considerable dignity, built on a Bahamani style

square plan.

B) TOMB OF DAUD SHAH

This tomb of the 4th sultan, who was in reign for less than one year in 1378,

remains on the east side of the above tomb. This is one of the examples of a specialfeature of rectangular tombs built in Haft Gumbaz, having two connected square

buildings on the same basement. Probably because he was a minor sultan, his tomb is

smaller in scale compared to the above tomb of the 8th sultan.





C) TOMBS OF SHAMS AL-DIN & GHIYATH AL-DIN

Tomb of Shams al-Din

This tomb is built as if it is connected with the tomb of Ghiyath al-Din, sharing the

same basement and two tombs show various similarities. However, the gentle

inclination of the walls is more prominent in this tomb. Like the above tomb, it shows

significant influence from buildings in the Delhi Tughlaq period. This young puppet

sultan, Shams al-Din was also forced to step down from the throne due to an internal

strife. After he was made blind, he was allowed to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca, but he

died there.

Tomb of Ghiyath al-Din

It is a domed tomb built on a square plan on a low basement. It has a battlement

at the edge and small towers at the four corners of the roof. On the same basement on

the east side, there is tomb of his son Shams al-Din Bahamani built with nearly the

same style. Ghiyath al-Din became the 6th sultan in 1397 but he was in power for only 1

month and 26 days. He was made blind and forced to step down from the throne. At the

double-arched entrance, there is a screen of Jali; despite of his tragic life, his tomb

looks more splendid than tombs of the other sultans.

D) TOMB OF FIROZ SHAH BAIHMANI

The masterpiece of the series is the tomb of Taj-Uddin Firuz. Monumentally

conceived and elaborately ornamented, it is a thoroughly developed composition with

geometric patterns in pierced masonry, bands of lotus and arabesques and temple-like

brackets supporting the angled eaves. Firuz, who became sultan succeeding Shams al-

Din in 1397, was divested of his throne by his younger brother Ahmad Khan just before

his death. In the history of Bahamani power, he can be seen as the last ruler in

Gulbarga. In fact, his tomb looks most majestic among all tombs built in Haft Gumbaz,

as if to reflect his position. This tomb, built in Tughlaq style with two domes, is not two

independent buildings adjacent to each other, unlike the tombs of his predecessors in





two generations. It is a single building of extended walls, like the one of his

predecessors, Sultan Daud Shah, back three generations.

This rectangular building has a total of 6 openings, two on the north and southsides and one in the east and west sides. The walls are divided into two tiers in all

directions. All arch-shaped niches in the upper part form openwork windows. The lower

part of the walls, having a double-arch-shaped entrance surrounded by windows of Jali

screen, also has double-arch-shaped niches like the upper part. This tomb having 60

arches in its outer wall which is dived into two distinctive parts 30 small arches on the

upper side of the outer wall and 30 big arches on lower side of the outer walls and

inside there are 12 arches at the both corners of the arches one can find the stone

pillars just like in the temples even that can be seen in the entrance door also, inside

arches are decorated like Torana in the temples (except 1st right and left side arches

which having windows on the top). The south entrance, seeming to be the front, has a

prominent structure and decorations. The arch-shaped entrances and the upper part of

the niches are decorated with a circular pattern, giving dignity to this building. The

mihrab in the west side, lines of arch-shaped niches and squinches inside of the tomb

chamber show a more complex form and display more excellence than other

mausoleums in this region. It is assumed to have been built in 1422.

Chor Gumbaz

It is a majestic tomb remaining in the north side of the old fort city, and is said to

have been built in 1420 for a famous Sufi saint of this area named Bande Nawaz Gesu

Daraz. However, it is said that this tomb was not actually used. The four walls are

divided into two tiers, and on each wall there are arch-shaped entrances and windows

at the centre and two arch-shaped niches with circular patterns at the upper part in rightand left: it is a grand exterior. Small kiosk-like architecture at the four corners of the roof

surrounding dome has an interesting structure, possessing an entrance with a stair.

What is more remarkable is the squinch seen inside and the double lines of lotus petals

under the ceiling, and small arch-shaped niches forming a small line above the lotus

petals. This unique decoration is not seen in any other buildings.





Kwaja bande nawaz Dargah

At the age of 80 Khwaja Bande Nawaz comes to Gulbarga and stayed more

than 22 years after the 2 year of the demise, the construction of Dargah was started and

it was completed during the period of Ahmed Shah Waliya (1422-36) the construction of

Dargah took nearly seven years. In the Dargah complex some big and small tombs

were looks like architectural jewels of Bahamani period. Though of great dimension, the

simple walls of this Dargah are decorated with sentences of Quran painted in Gold. The

painting on its wall and domes are in Turkistani and Iranian style and the saints

corporeal remains are preserved in the Dargah. Besides this is located Dargah of the

saint¶s son. In the library located nearby there are about 10,000 books on history,

philosophy, religion etc, in Urdu, Persian and Arabic languages. Nearby it, are Mosque,

the Sarai and the college established in 1687 by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The

annual Urs in memory of saint takes place.

Urs

People from various walks of life, irrespective of caste and creed, assemble even

today to celebrate the Urs - death anniversary - (which takes place on the 15, 16 and 17

day of Zul-Qa`dah of Muslim calendar at the famous Bande Nawaz Dargah in Gulbarga

every year. His descendents still live in Gulbarga. Almost all family members along with

several hundred thousand devotees from near and far irrespective of religion and beliefs

gather to seek blessings.

The present head of the family amongst his descendents is Dr. Syed Shah Mohammed

Gesu Daraz Khusro Al Hussaini, who has written many books about his great forefather.

Firozabad fort

Firozabad is a place of historical importance situated 34 km south of Gulbarga,

the Taluk headquarters, and 20 km south-west of Shahbad, located on the right bank of

the river Bhima adjacent to State Highway No. 19. So far a 12¶s Century inscription

(damaged) of the Kalyana Chalukya period and 13 inscriptions of the period of the





Bahamani and Adilshahi rulers are reported from here. Firoz Shah Bahaman (1397-

1422), the Bahamani Sultan, built this city and its fort on the advice of his courtiers for

transferring his capital from Gulbarga but the capital could not be transferred. Jami

Masjid and Khalifattur Rahman Dargah of the Bahamani period are located here and the

beginnings of Indo-Islamic style may be noticed in these monuments. Some of the

decorative, works adorning the roof of certain monuments here is very attractive and

beautiful. But for various reasons this city could not become the capital and instead the

capital was shifted to Bidar. Accordingly this place lost its political importance.

Shahbajar Masjid

This mosque show evidence of a strong influence from the Delhi tughluq period &also some Iranian elements were introduced. This mosque built in the north side of the

Gulbarga fort, is the earlier of two mosques built under Muhammad shah reign. It has an

imposing figure & various similarities with the great mosques in the Firozabad palace

complex in Delhi can be seen. Its prayer room is crowned by 90 small inconspicuous

domes, in juxtaposition to the imposing dome on the main gate in the in the east. The

inside prayer room has 15-arch shaped entrances & is 6 spans in depth. Pillars between

arches are painted in white with no decoration; it is a simple structure but the simplicity

itself creates an imperial atmosphere. The space from here to the east gate is filled by a

yard & no side rooms or corridors can be seen (matsuo area).





BIDAR

Bidar Fort

The Bidar fort, constructed on the edge of the plateau, has a haphazard

quadrangular layout plan of 0.75 miles (1.21 km) in length and 0.5 miles (0.80 km)

breadth. The peripheral length of the fort walls measure 4,500 yards (4,100 m). The

walls, bastions, gates and barbicans of Bidar, though in ruins, are well preserved and

considered as some of the most stylish in India. It is surrounded by a triple moat.

There are seven gates in the fort. The dominant main gate exhibits Persian style

architecture. The µGumbad Darwaza¶ depicts arches with stilted size, also in Persian

style. The µSherza Darwaza¶ of Bidar Fort, the second gate of entry, depicts two images

of tigers carved on its fascia; according to Shia belief, the tiger decorations are

indicative of Ali who was also known as Asadullah-Al Ghalib that assured protection to

the building from enemy attack. The other gates are the Fateh Gate on the south (has

octagonal towers and drawbridge); the Talghat Gate in the east; the Delhi Gate and the

Mandu Gate. The prominent bastion at the entry is known as the ¶Munda Burj¶ with guns

positioned on it.

It is said that the Bahmani Sultanate claimed lineage of the Sasanians and the

motifs on their buildings, particularly the crowns of the arches that they built depicted a

crescent and occasionally a disk that was closely reminiscent of the crowns of the

Sassanian emperors.

Mohammad Gawan Madrasa

One of the attractions of the old town of Bidar is the remains of the ancient

theological college, Mohammad Gawan Madrasa. Built in 1472 by Gawan, a Persian

exile and scholar of the Bahmani court, this was one of the greatest centers of Islamic

learning of its time, attracting students from all over. This Persian-style, massive three-

storied building was once surmounted by large bulbous domes and its walls are





adorned with exquisite colorful tile work and inscriptions from the Quran. It once housed

a world-famous library, a mosque, a laboratory, lecture halls, quarters for the teaching

faculty and a students¶ hostel. Though it suffered extensive damages, a large portion of

the building still remains unharmed.

Ashtur: the Bahmani tombs

As you look from the fort's east walls, a cluster of eight bulbous white domes

floats alluringly above the trees in the distance. Dating from the fifteenth century, the

mausoleums at Ashtur , 3km east of Bidar (leave the old town via Dulhan Darwaza

gate), are the final resting places of the Bahmani sultans and their families, including the

son of the ruler who first decamped from Gulbarga, Alauddin Shah I. His remains by far

the most impressive tomb, with patches of coloured glazed tiles on its arched facade,

and a large dome whose interior surfaces writhe with sumptuous Persian paintings.

Reflecting sunlight onto the ceiling with a small pocket mirror, the chowkidar picks out

the highlights, among them a diamond, barely visible among the bat droppings.

Royal artistic patronage of the later Bahmanis is best exemplified in the royal and saintly

funerary complexes at Ashtur, located a few kilometres east of the Bidar fort. Bahmani

rulers and royalty are buried here in a series of mausoleums located in a pleasant

grove. In general both the political and artistic environment in Bidar during the later

Bahmani rule reflected increased contacts with the Persian and Central Asian world.

The tomb of Allaudin's father, the ninth and most illustrious Bahmani Sultan,

Ahmad Shah I, stands beside that of his son, decorated with Persian inscriptions.

Beyond this are two more minor mausoleums, followed by the partially collapsed tomb

of Humayun the Cruel (1458-61), cracked open by a bolt of lightning. Continuing along

the line, you can chart the gradual decline of the Bahmanis as the mausoleums diminishin size, ending with a sad handful erected in the early sixteenth century, when the

sultans were no more than puppet rulers of the Barid Shahis.

AhmadI

This ruler was responsible for shifting the Bahmani capital from Gulbarga to Bidar.

His early 15th century tomb shows him to be a great patron of art and architecture. Its





walls have three rows of arched recesses, seven on the top, and four on the middle and

lower rows. The crenellated parapet has corner finials. This scheme is repeated on the

16-sided drum at the base of the dome. The inside walls and ceiling of the tomb are

decorated with gold, vermilion, and turquoise painted arabesques and calligraphy. The

paintings, as well as the style of the architectural elements, pointed arches, for example,

are of obvious Persian inspiration.

AlauddinAhmadII

This tomb belongs to Ahmad I's successor. Persian influence has decreased, for

example, arches no longer have the distinctly sharp profile. The facade of this tomb has

five arched recesses of unequal height arranged symmetrically. The arches and wall

edges have basalt outlines, a regular feature of the later architecture of Bidar.

Multicoloured tilework that once covered the walls and the dome, remains only in

fragments.

Humayun

Sultan Humayun was the third of the later Bahmanis. The partially collapsed state

of his tomb allows us to simultaneously view of the interior and exterior of the tomb. This

shows the grave, entrance arches, and the recessed arch on the inside wall to be

remarkably aligned. The inside decoration also shows a crenellation that runs along the

base of the dome.

ShamsuddinMuhammad

This late 15th century tomb repeats the earlier scheme of triple tiers of arches

recesses and bold crenellations both on the parapet and the base of the flattish dome.

There is a complete absence of decoration on the walls.

Chaukhandi

Bahmani rulers at Bidar also encouraged religious links with the Middle-East.

During Ahmad I's rule a formidable Shia saint, Shaykh Khalilullah arrived at Bidar. His

mausoleum is located a short distance west of the Ashtur necropolis. This unusual two-

storeyed octagonal building stands at the top of a hill and is approached by a wide





flights of stairs. A high crenellated parapet has corner finials. Each face has two tiers of

arched recesses with a rectangular opening at the centre.

A closer view of the building shows that the central arched recesses are flankedby panels that include diagonal squares and arches all outlined in masonry bands

carved in a variety of patterns. Some of the arched recesses in the lower story have

open part-hexagonal enclosures, with elaborate crenellated parapets. A similar

enclosure at the rear of the building is closed and has a spherical dome.

Tomb

The interior of the mausoleum viewed from a ledge on the roof shows the square

tomb chamber inside the octagonal shell. The chamber has a spherical dome and

crenellated parapet with corner finials. Triple arched recesses on its facade have

elaborate tassels andapexdecoration.

Gateway

The Chaukhandi complex is entered through an imposing gateway with a pointedarch. Double tiers of arches flank this central arch. A parapet of high trefoil elements isflanked by short turrets. In front of the gateway is a large, paved courtyard.





2.5 Current Situation Of Tourism In Monumental Areas

Bidar and Gulbarga have enough resources to tourism happen with its royal forts,

mosques and large tombs of Bahamani Sultans period. The places are completely a

heritage site attractions and promotion of heritage tourism in the areas is not a big task.

The present situation of tourism in these areas not that much developed because of

government negligency.

Astur tomb are receiving some attention from the government and renovation

work are in progress which we can identity as they are protected in a compound wall.

The tourist are willing to visit the place but the route is not well destined by department

of tourism. Bidar has heritage places like fort and Madarasa which are well preserved

and renovation also taking place inside the fort which attracting many tourist around the

country. The ASI has provided some sort of publicity to the fort by constructions its

canteen inside the fort through this many people attracting towards it and utsava also

generated some amount and tourist to this place. The guide facility around these place

also keeping interest in tourist to move around the fort.

Gulbarga some important monuments of Bahamani Sultans who have ruled here

to 75 years. The fort has some attractions but the tourism promotion is not that much

developed because of lack of awareness about opportunities which occur after its

development. The fort is worst affected by the people living inside. The tourist are not

feel to visit the site because of their security. The Haft Gumbaz is like Heritage village

where every monument is well preserved and tourist are preferring this site most after

visit to the place. It is the place which bring some sort of tourist from around the country

KBN is also another such attraction site which attracts many tourist during the urs every

year because of spirituality well awareness around the country.

Chor Gumbaz with its unique kiosk architecture attracts tourist and its renovation

work in progress and bound to attract tourist many move tourist in future. The Firozabad

fort which is a rein fort and is neglected by the regional tourism office and it continues to

do so. Very less number of tourist visit as there were no proper channel to get their. The





chand bibi tomb also in same condition because of negligence by both tourism

department and local people.

Totally, these regions were half developed and need to be developed more in

sustainable way. If does so then there is no doubt to be called there as one of the major

heritage sites of India.





3.1 FINDINGS

During the study of these monuments I came to know the followings

Through the study these monument came to know the history and architecture of

bahamani dynasty.

The kiosk like architecture is unique among the dynasty architecture.

Access to monument area is not well defined by local tourism department in

Gulbarga.

Gulbarga fort is worst affected and continuously affect by the people residing

inside the fort.

There were no qualified tourist guides to guide throughout the monumental area.

There is no sign of renovation work for ruin fort wall.

Behavior of local people towards tourist is not an encouraging sign.

Bidar has developed and promote all site of historical importance by creating

awareness among the local people.

The monuments are well protected by the construction of wall around the site.

Renovation work is under progress at all sites in Bidar.

Compared to Gulbarga, Bidar has developed its attraction sites promoting local

tourism to place by allocating separate buses for these sites.

Infrastructure development Like are access to site, hotels and lodging facilities

are coming into existence rapidly in Bidar.

A good awareness program me like Bidar utsav promotes to happen tourism.

The two places are like heritage hubs of Karnataka and tourist willing to travel to

discover more.





3.2 SUGGESTIONS

Some the findings are not encouraging for tourism to make possible largely.

I would to make to give some suggestions to local people, department of tourism

and government of Karnataka.

Local people should understand the importance of old monument for the

promotion of tourism.

Renovation work at every site should be done in a sustainable way without

affecting its old glory.

The accommodation facilities should be created like yatri nivas at the places

for the comfort of tourist.

The government should declare the two places as heritage site and promote

these by including in the heritage circuit places.

Local tourism department should highlight this monument by giving

awareness programmers and printing journals on these monuments in the

newspapers, radio and local channels.

The professional tourist guides must be appointed near the monument, which

will increase the curiosity of tourist to know more and discover more facts. Separate parking facilities should be made available to avoid the disturbances

at the site.

Signboards and nameplates should be given for each attraction of the site,

which will help tourist to easy recognisition.

Government should promote helitourism these places, which might increase

development in various fields like hotels etc.





3.3 CONCLSION

Bahamni dynasty has contributed greatly to architecture to flourish in this area

through their huge fort, mosques and domes. The Indo Islamic architecture style is one

among the most typical architecture, which gain importance all over the world. We can

find Indo Islamic architectural monument in this region, which are not found, is any other

such region throughout Karnataka.

The cultural diversity is another such important aspect of this region where

Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Buddha religion are equally treated and there is no doubt to be

called as communal harmony region of country.

The region may be a prime destination for all tourists if promoted because of rich

architecture, religious diversity, climate and deferent tourism spots.





BIDAR FORT

INNER VIWE OF BIDAR FORT





ASHTUR THE BAHMANI TOMBS

CHAUKHANDI





MO HAMM ADGAWAN M ADRASA

MASSIVE FORT OF GULBARGA (JUMMA MASJID)





MASSIVE FORT OF GULBARGA (JUMMA MASJID)

RANMANDAL IN GULBARGA FORT

K.B.N DARGA





SHAHBAJAR MASJID




HAFT GUMBAZ TOMB OF FIROZ SHAH BAIHMAN

heritage sites of bidar and gulbarga

Documents

Transcript of heritage sites of bidar and gulbarga