Slide 1

HEREDITY CHAPTER 4

Slide 2

You have Characteristics or traits. Acquired Traits Reading Skills Inherited Traits eye color

Slide 3

In sexual reproduction, offspring produced, are NOT identical to their parents. Each parent contributes a cell that contains genetic information

Slide 4

Heredity is the passing of gene from parent to offspring. Most traits are not coded for by just one gene

Slide 5

Different forms of the same gene are called Alleles

Slide 6

There are 46 chromosomes in humans-23 Pairs X and Y are the sex chromosomes 1 X and 1 Y=Males 2X = females

Slide 7

Gregory Mendel is the man. He made important discoveries about heredity. He was monk and studies each trait on a pea plant separately. First Generation Second Generation

Slide 8

Alleles interact to produce traits Phenotype is what we see Dominate Recessive

Slide 9

Genotype is alleles an organism has. You might see them, you might not.

Slide 10

PUNNETT SQUARES Patterns in Heredity can be predicated. Each parent has 2 alleles for a particular gene So Punnett Squares show one way alleles combine to make offspring

Slide 11

In the Punnett Square, each offspring would express the phenotype of dominate alleles.

Slide 12

Percentages and fractions can express the probability of an outcome. Probability is the likelihood of a specific outcome

Slide 13

The purpose of the Punnett Square is to show the probability of each combination of alleles for one offspring A Punnett square only indicates the probability of different outcomes.not specific ones!

Slide 14

There are two steps necessary for sexual reproduction: Meiosis I Meiosis II

Slide 15

Two cells combine for sexual reproduction: N N 2N OFFSPRING / Zygote / Diploid Gamete / Haploid Gamete / Haploid

Slide 16

Gametes are found in reproductive organs of plant and animals cells. Fertilization is the process that takes place when a sperm and egg combine.

Slide 17

DNA AND RNA DNA provides information to the cell to make proteins Remember Proteins: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Amino Acids

Slide 18

MOLECULES PROTEIN Molecules Some amino acids are small 129 Amino Acids Some amino acids are large 3685 Amino Acids DNA and RNA are made up of Nucleic Acids Molecules There are FOUR different types of nucleotides Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Slide 19

DNA Remember in Mitosis In Interphase the DNA replicates During replication each strand of DNA is used as a template to produce a copy of the other strand

Slide 20

RNA RNA uses DNAs sequences of bases to link amino acids (Protein Molecule) into chains that form proteins. RNA like DNA is made up of Nucleotides (Nucleic Acid Molecule )

Slide 21

3 TYPES OF RNA tRNA: transfer RNA- it picks up Amino Acids and transfers them to where the chain begins mRNA: messenger RNA- forms a copy of DNA translates rRNA: ribosomal RNA- brings together the two other types of RNA to form a chain of Proteins ( amino acids)

Slide 22

RNA BASE PAIRS Cytosine Guanine Adenine Uracil

Slide 23

DNA Transcription (writing copying) mRNA RNA Translation tRNA Protein

Slide 24

PROJECT: DNA

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

ATOMS THAT MAKE UP DNA Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus