1

2

Here to talk about the steps involved in avoiding plagiarism.

3

4

5

Key skill in avoiding plagiarism -> know how to reference. Attribution! Huzzah!

Referencing Correctly

• Harvard UTS Guide • Sample Essay – Explain in text references and bibliographies. In text

references – must appear every time you use someone’s work – immediately adjacent to it.

• Interactive PDF – Explain what information you need to reference (keep open for next section on Quotations)

• Online list

• Harvard UTS style – just one of the styles you might need.

Top Tip: Ensure that you keep a detailed list of where you got information from, and

all the information you need to cite it.

6

People often plagiarise because they incorrectly reference or format a quotation -> making it look like they have cut and paste the work of another without

paraphrasing it to deliberately present it as their own work.

Interactive PDF

1. Single quotation marks around the words you have used, which must be immediately followed by and in-text reference with the page number(s) where the quote came from

2. If you’re making a quote of more than about 30 words, you don’t need to use quotation marks, but instead should include the quote as a separate indented paragraph set it smaller type. It must also have the in-text reference and page number.

7

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing involves reading the work of an author, and then interpreting it into your own words to explain their ideas or research. This does not mean altering one or two words -> instead you should be interpreting what the source of the information is saying, and then how this applies to your argument. Again when you paraphrase -> ALWAYS cite -> in-text reference. If you don’t change the sentence structure enough (e.g. you just change 1 or two words) -> this is considered to be plagiarism even if you cite the author. The reason is that it is too close the original structure of the text, and should be a quote.

8

Note-taking

• Accidental plagiarism can happen when you take poor notes.

• When taking notes -> if you copy out paragraphs from texts, or badly paraphrase

in your notes, -> writing your assignment -> not realise that these thoughts or interpretation are not your own -> accidentally plagiarise the source.

• Good note taking can also help you with your referencing. Good note taking will include all the information about your source so that when it comes to writing your article, you can correctly attribute the source of the work (and find it again!)

• Furthermore, Good note taking is a fab academic practice that will help you will help you organise your ideas from your reading, making your life easier. The technique I’m about to show you will also help you think more critically about what you’re reading and link it to other research.

9

Proof reading and multiple drafts Like effective note taking, proof reading is an excellent way to help prevent

plagiarism. Proof reading your work will help you see places where you haven’t correctly cited something, or if you are quoting or paraphrasing too frequently. Multiple drafts of your work also allow you to move further and further away from the original text of the authors you are citing, and more towards your own interpretation of the results.

10

Explain the functions of the different pieces of software.

11

While technically under copyright law you can reuse your own work, there are restrictions and contracts that mean that you shouldn’t or can’t. Not only do most journals require that you put forward original works, but this is also required in your

thesis. Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research: 4.7 Multiple submissions of research findings “It is not acceptable to include the same research findings in several publications, except in particular and clearly explained circumstances, such as review articles, anthologies, collections, or translations into another language. An author who submits substantially similar work to more than one publisher, or who submits work similar to work already published, must disclose this at the time of submission.”

UTS Graduate Student Rules: Section 11 — Graduate Research Study • Part of doing this degree is that to produce an original and distinct contribution to

knowledge or professional practice in your field. Part of this involves a thesis

12

which should not include any work or material previously submitted in full or in part for another award (except as fully acknowledged within the text of the thesis – see the GRS and student rules for this).

GRS Policy: Thesis presentation and submission procedures for Higher Degree by Research students (http://www.gradschool.uts.edu.au/policies-rules/thesis-procedures.html) 5. Inclusion of published work in the thesis • A thesis may incorporate previously published work only if it bears on the subject

of the thesis All publications produced during the candidature need to be acknowledged in the thesis.

• There are disciplinary conventions that need to be taken into account for the inclusion of previously published works in the thesis.

• Students should ensure they have gained permission from the publisher to include previously published work in their thesis. Evidence that this permission has been secured must be provided before lodgement of the thesis with the UTS

Library as per section 8.2 below. More information about this process is available from the UTS Library.

12

That last point (gained permission from a publisher) – that might seem a little odd so I thought I would explain it.

We know that when people are doing their PhD, they often write their individual chapters as journal articles. This is an extremely useful practice, and is encouraged as it helps you test our and get feedback for your ideas. However, what people don’t know is that often when you publish you agree to assign or give away your copyright to the journal in order to have it published. This means you no longer own that body of work and may not have permission to use it again in your thesis. This may seem confusing to you, if you’re new to the world of publishing.

13

Important: Important that students read the copyright advice themselves and direct questions and clarifications to the copyright advisor. https://www.lib.uts.edu.au/about-us/policies-guidelines/copyright-and-uts

It is important to understand that the copyright rules around publishing your work, are very different to those that you use when writing an essay. This applies to writing Journal articles and publishing your thesis online. Educational context When you’re writing an essay, copyright law allows students and researchers -> limited amount of someone else’s work for their studies -> without permission -> for free. This is because your work -> educational context and is for personal learning. In other words it isn’t thought to damage the commercial interests of the copyright holder. However this can often change when you move from writing a work as a student, to

publishing your work. The same rules do not apply -> even when you have correctly cited your work to avoid plagiarism. This is because the audience and purpose of your work has changed. You are no longer using the material for personal learning, but publishing for gain.

14

So what changes? When you make your research available for a commercial or broader publication purpose and it contains someone else’s material you will need to get written permission from the copyright owner of the work. This means if you use an excerpt of someone else’s work quote -> picture -> table to use in your work -> you will need written permission. This also means that if you have assigned the copyright of your journal article over to a publisher, you will need permission to use it in your thesis. Remember: Just like when you write articles, the person who owns the copyright, may not be the person who wrote the article.

Written permission for each section – can take some time.

14

Now there are some exceptions to this rule Fair Dealing: You have used limited amounts of copyright material for the purpose of

criticism or review -> properly referenced and attributed. Matthew our copyright guy says that you need to using a fair Dealing category genuinely and be ready to defend that use. Other Fair Dealing provisions which could be relied on include: ‘parody or satire’ (see sections 41A and 103AA) and ‘reporting the news.’ Most Publishers take a risk averse strategy and insist that authors have either permission to use any third party material (can be as little as 10 copied words!) or that they guarantee their work is copyright compliant (i.e. the author will be responsible for any future copyright litigation arising from the work). If your work doesn’t come under Fair Dealing, then you will need permission if you’re quoting what is considered to be a ‘substantial portion’ of the work. The

Australian Copyright Council describes a substantial portion of the work as: “A part may be considered “substantial” if it is an important essential or distinctive part” (ACC Quotes and Extracts, p. 2). So for instance 4 lines of a 32 line Kipling poem infringed copyright, but 4 lines in 1000 page novel may not.

15

New rule about your thesis at UTS -> must be deposited in our online institutional repository – great for you, lots of citations and visibility. But you will need to consider the following:

• If you use anyone’s work but your own it must be correctly cited and you should

have permission from the copyright holder if applicable. If you don’t have permission, we can suppress those sections of your thesis.

• If you’ve published sections of your thesis as an article or conference paper:

• Before publishing: Inform the editor that you are publishing a section of your thesis and make sure that you have copyright clearance to republish it in our repository.

• You can add an author amendment to the contract that will give you additional rights to use your work and put it in our institutional repository either straight away OR with a 6 month embargo.

• When writing your thesis – acknowledge or cite your original articles If in doubt about anything, talk to your supervisor, GRS, copyright advisor, faculty, and editors etc.

16

17

18