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Transcript of Herbert Van de Sompel Los Alamos National Laboratory – Research Library DC 2002 - Florence,...
![Page 1: Herbert Van de Sompel Los Alamos National Laboratory – Research Library DC 2002 - Florence, October 14 th 2002 the things I work on (and/or think about)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070401/56649f1e5503460f94c35e4f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Herbert Van de Sompel
Los Alamos National Laboratory – Research Library
DC 2002 - Florence, October 14th 2002
the things I work on (and/or think about)
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herbert van de sompel
• Open Archives Initiative• NISO OpenURL• and ... something on work of the LANL Digital Library Research & Prototyping team
outline
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the Open Archives Initiative http://www.openarchives.org
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herbert van de sompel
• libraries are there to faciliate access to
scholarly information
core motivation
we were trying hard, but ...
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herbert van de sompel
library position
A RPUB
D I S
LIB
the input is far from optimal
optimizing the output
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herbert van de sompel
• serials crisis: increasing journal prices limit,
rather than broaden, access to scholarly research
• IP drain: faculty signs away copyright
• publication delay: journal system can not cope
with increasing volume of scholarly output
• criticism of peer-review: suppresses ideas, outcome criticized
• inertia: system is self-stabilizing
the journal system
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herbert van de sompel
• libraries are there to faciliate access to
scholarly information
core motivation
we were trying hard, but ...
could there be other (better) ways?
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herbert van de sompel
preprint systems
• xxx e-print archive (Physics - 1991 - Los Alamos - Ginsparg)
• RePEc (Economy - Surrey U - Krichel)
• NCSTRL (Computer Science - Cornell U - Lagoze)
• NDLTD (Theses - Virginia Tech - Fox)
• CogPrints (Cognitive Sciences - Southampton U - Harnad)
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herbert van de sompel
• libraries are there to faciliate access to
scholarly information
core motivation
• libraries as institutions are there to
guarantee access to information
local perspective global perspective
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herbert van de sompel
alternative library position?
A R
capture & share the input…
LIB ?
using the global network
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herbert van de sompel
action!
technology
law
economy
sociologyscholarly communication
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herbert van de sompel
technology
law
economy
sociology
establish a technological basis that
allows addressing the other issues.
action!
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herbert van de sompel
• UPS Prototype [1999]: • Van de Sompel, Krichel, Nelson• cross-repository searching• SFX linking• insights regarding lack of interoperability• recommendation: metadata harvesting
• launch Open Archives Initiative• Ginsparg, Luce, Van de Sompel
action!
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Luce * Van de Sompel * Ginsparg
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herbert van de sompel
since then …
• OAI: • Lagoze, Van de Sompel and lots of great people• Santa Fe Convention [2000]• OAI-PMH v.1 [2001]• OAI-PMH v.2 [2002]
• OAI-PMH:• simple, generic protocol to harvest structured data• HTTP based• responses are valid XML instance documents• unqualified Dublin Core as mandatory metadata format /use of other metadata formats encouraged
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herbert van de sompel
since then …
• scholarly communication:• deconstructed communication system• SPARC white paper on institutional repositories
A R
registration
awareness
archiving
certification rewarding
value chain
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herbert van de sompel
and … ?
• OAI-PMH:• successful• used in different communities (scholarly communication, library collections, museums, e-learning, ...)• project funding opportunities• fundamental piece of information infrastrucuture (Clifford Lynch)
great
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herbert van de sompel
and … ?
• scholarly communication:• OAI-PMH and associated tools make moving to action easier• work of the OAI has helped raise awareness:
• some national forums discussing transformation of scholarly communication • OAI Workshop CERN
• modest attempts to new communication models (Caltech, CDL, BMC, ...)• the big change didn’t happen
so & so
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herbert van de sompel
should we still act?
• the initial motivations remain valid• consortium buying starts to reveal its inherent dangers• the IP issue becomes ... scary
• increasing amount of IP cases• copyright debate steered by intermediaries (Big Media), no longer something between creators and consumers
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occurrences of the phrase “intellectual property” per 100,000 U.S. Federal Cases
01020
30405060
708090
1900-1919
1930-1939
1950-1959
1970-1979
1990-1999
"IntellectualProperty"/100KCases
“Professor Hank Greely” Cited in Lessig, L. The future of ideas: the fate of the commons in a connected world. NY, Random House, 2001. P. 294.
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seems to resonate better with scholarly communication
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herbert van de sompel
should we still act? yes!
• the OAI will go back to its eprint roots• build upon the OAI-PMH to move beyond interoperability at the level of discovery:
• references• usage logs• cerfitication metadata• rights metadata
• some of the work conducted by OAI, some coordinated with other projects
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NISO OpenURLhttp://library.caltech.edu/openurl/
http://www.openurl.info
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herbert van de sompel
• libraries are there to faciliate access to
scholarly information
core motivation
we were trying hard, but ...
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herbert van de sompel
OPAC
linking
FTXT
FTXTe-printA&I
A&I
interlink related information
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herbert van de sompel
OPAC
linking
FTXT
FTXTe-printA&I
A&I
information providers linking it their way
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herbert van de sompel
• links not context-sensitive • appropriate copy problem
• didn’t cover complete collection
• links dependent on business agreements between information vendors
• libraries no say in linking => in danger of loosing part of the “organizing information” task
problems
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herbert van de sompel
• libraries are there to faciliate access to
scholarly information
core motivation
we were trying hard, but ...
could there be other (better) ways?
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herbert van de sompel
link source
link destination
link to referenced work .
resource
resolution of metadata into link
reference
conventional linking
resource
link
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herbert van de sompel
link source.
resource
resolution of metadata & identifiers into services
reference
OpenURL linking
hook
OpenURL
resolver
provision of hook
linklink
destinationlink
linkdestination
linklink
destination
transportation of metadata & identifiers
Operated by Library
OpenURL
linklink
destination
appropriate
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herbert van de sompel
the OpenURL framework
FTXT
FTXT
A&I
localOpenURLresolver
OpenURL
OpenURLO
penU
RL O
penUR
L
• by value or by reference delivery of metadata on users’ request
• linking server • describes context
OPAC
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herbert van de sompel
• draft OpenURL specs early 2000
• lots of interest from libraries, information providers
• adopted by important information providers
• NISO standardization of OpenURL started 2001
• Integration of OpenURL framework and DOI-based linking
• SFX server marketed by Ex Libris
• other parties start marketing OpenURL resolvers (e.g. Fretwell-Downing, Endaevour, Openly, ...)
deployment of the OpenURL framework
great
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herbert van de sompel
http://www.mysfx.org/menu?• id=doi:10.111/12345&• genre=article&• aulast=Weibel&aufirst=Stu&ISSN=35345353 &year=2001&volume=14&issue=3&spage=44&• pid=2829393&• sid=OCLC:Inspec
draft OpenURL syntax
• Specific for web-based scholarly information• Hardwired metadata tags• Not extensible
so & so
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herbert van de sompel
• context: web-based information• can something like the OpenURL framework be extended to resources that are referenced on the Web in general?
• all kinds of referenced resources• provide context-sensitive services about referenced resources
• the Bison-Fute model (Van de Sompel, Beit-Arie - 2001)
=> basis for NISO standardization
generalizing
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herbert van de sompel
http://www.mysfx.org/menu?• id=doi:10.111/12345&• genre=article&• aulast=Weibel&aufirst=Stu&ISSN=35345353 &year=2001&volume=14&issue=3&spage=44&• pid=2829393&• sid=OCLC:Inspec&
draft OpenURL syntax
Resolver
Referent
Referrer
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herbert van de sompel
Entities explicitly present in OpenURL:• Referent (subject of the OpenURL)• Resolver (OpenURL resolver)• Referrer (the service writing the OpenURL)
• Entities stuffed into pid of OpenURL:• Requester• Referring Entity• Service Type
draft OpenURL syntax
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herbert van de sompel
Information construct that contains descriptions of
• Referent (the thing that is being referenced)
• Entities that make up the context in which the referent is referenced:
• ReferringEntity (the object that references the referent)
• Requester (the party initiating the transportation of the ContextObject)
• ServiceType (goal of transportation)
• Resolver (the system that can be target of transportation of the ContextObject)
• Referrer (the system providing the ContextObject)
NISO OpenURL ContextObject
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herbert van de sompel
http://www.mysfx.org/menu?• id=doi:10.111/12345&• genre=article&• aulast=Weibel&aufirst=Stu&ISSN=35345353 &year=2001&volume=14&issue=3&spage=44&• pid=2829393&• sid=OCLC:Inspec&
draft OpenURL syntax
identifier
metadata
identifier
identifier
private data, pointer to metadata
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herbert van de sompel
Referent can be described:• identifiers• by-value metadata ~ name=value pairs ~ fixed formats • pid
• private data• pointers to metadata
• Resolver described by means of:• BASE-URL ~ identifier in http namespace
• Referrer described by means of:• sid ~ serviceId:dbaseID syntax ~ identifier
draft OpenURL syntax
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herbert van de sompel
descriptors ~ NISO standardization
Entities in the ContextObject can be described by means of the following descriptors:
• identifiers ~ many namespaces
• by-value metadata ~ many namespaces
• by-reference metadata ~ many namespaces
• private data
• => extensibility to all kinds of genres of referenced resources via Registry
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herbert van de sompel
• ContextObject is an abstract notion
• Can be represented in different ways
• Different representations can apply different
constraints to the abstract ContextObject notion:
• Key/Value
• XML
• RDF
ContextObject representation
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herbert van de sompel
• Key/Value representations• property list format • &-delimited, URL-encoded list of Key/Value pairs
• XMLrepresentations (XML Schema definition)• XML representation that matches Key/Value constraints
NISO ContextObject representation
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herbert van de sompel
rft_id = ori:doi:10.1126/science.275.5304.1320&rft_id = ori:pmid:9036860rft_val_fmt = ofi:pl:jarticle aulast = Bergelson auinit = J year = 1997 volume = 275 spage = 1320 epage =1323 rfe_id = ori:doi:10.1006/mthe.2000.0239rfr_id = ori:dbid:elsevier.com:ScienceDirectreq_id = uri:mailto:[email protected]_ver = z39.88-2002ctx_tim = 2002-03-20T08:55:12Z
Key/Value representation
Referent
ReferringEntity
Referrer
Requester
admin
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herbert van de sompel
XML representation
Click here
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herbert van de sompel
Transportation of ContextObjectvia HTTP(S) GET/POST == OpenURL
ContextObject may be transported using other protocols (OAI-PMH, SOAP, …). But
that’s not an OpenURL
So, what’s this NISO OpenURL?
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Herbert Van de Sompel
Los Alamos National Laboratory – Research Library
DC 2002 - Florence, October 14th 2002
questions?