Herbaria and Database Systems Michael G. Simpson.
-
Upload
vanesa-tester -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
4
Transcript of Herbaria and Database Systems Michael G. Simpson.
Herbaria and Database SystemsMichael G. Simpson
What is an herbarium?
A place where preserved plant collections are
kept,
usually pressed and dried plant specimens attached to a sheet of paper
= herbarium specimen
Function or purpose of herbaria?
Maintain plant specimens
Act as centers of plant systematics research
Reference book for herbaria?
Index Herbariorum
Homlgren, P. K., N. H. Holmgren, and L. C. Barnett, eds. 1990. Index herbariorum, part I: The herbaria of the world, 8th ed. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
http://www.nybg.org/bsci/ih/ih.html(continuously updated)
Index HerbariorumHerbarium Year Founded Acronym Specimens
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris France 1635 P,PC 9,500,000
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, U.S.A. 1891 NY 7,000,000
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, U.K. 1841 K 7,000,000
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Genève, Switzerland 1824 G 6,000,000
Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Russia 1823 LE 5,770,000
Missouri botanical Garden, Saint Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. 1859 MO 5,400,000
The Natural Hisotry Museum, London, England, U.K. 1753 BM 5,200,000
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 1864 GH 5,005,000
(incl. A,AMES,ECON,FH,NEBC)
Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria 1807 W 5,000,000
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden 1739 S 4,400,000
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1848 US, USNC 4,368,000
Institute de Botanique, Montpellier, France 1845 MPU 4,000,000
Université de Lyon, Villeurbane, France 1924 LY 4,000,000
Universitatis Florentinae, Museo botanico, Firenze, Italy 1842 FI 3,650,000
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany 1895 JE 3,000,000
Herbarium Specimen?
Size and format of herbarium
specimen?
Herbarium Label?
Herbarium Curator?
Person responsible for running the herbarium.
1) Maintaining collection.
2) Processing new collections to the herbarium.
3) Distributing loans.
4) Resource for plant identification.
Accession number?
Permanent number associated with each specimen.
Usually written with herbarium acronym:
SD 121596
SDSU 13655
UC 218486
Storing and handling specimens?
Herbarium cabinet /compactor, with sealed door.
Genus folders stored,may be color-coded: alphabetical or by classification system.
Handle carefully, gen. don’t turn upside-down.
Annotation Label?
1) Verifies or changes identity of specimen.
2) Documents removal of plant material
Different types of data?
Removing plant material?
1) Get Permission
2) May reconstitute in boiling water or detergent solution.
3) Flowers, pollen, ovules, tissues, DNA.
Herbarium Loan?
Insect control?
Data Information System?
Inputting, organization, and accessing of information.
Data may answer questions in plant taxonomy.
Data Information Systems: FieldsTaxonomic Number
Group
Family
Genus
Species
Species Author
Infraspecific Rank
Infraspecific Name
Infraspecific Author
Collection Number
Determination Date
Certainty of identification
Country
State
District
Locality
Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Habitat Description
Date of Collection
Collector: First Name
Collector: Last Name
Associate Collectors
Phenology
Accession Number
Accession Source
Supplemental Information
Types of data?
Collector
Plant featuresFlower color, phenology, plant habit, size, etc.
Geography (specific latitude/longitude)Maps
HabitatSubstrate type, topography
Community associates
Rarity
Floras versus Monographs?
Flora - treatment documenting all plants of a given region,e.g., Flora of Palomar Mountain State Park
Monograph - treatment documenting all taxa of a given taxonomic groupe.g., Monograph of the genus Tephrosia