Hepatitis C

A Growing Problem of Pakistan

Group Members

Zoya ImranMariam ArcherNawal Nawaz

Sidra Tul Muntaha

What is Hepatitis C ?

Epidemiology

• Prevalence around the globe

• After Egypt Pakistan has the Highest prevalence rate

of HCV

• App. 4.8% patients are in Pakistan

• About 10 million patients

Prevalence In Different Provinces

Punjab 6.7%Sindh 5%Balochistan 1.5 %KPK 1.1%

RESPONSIBLE

FACTORS

USE OF ALREADY USED SYRINGES

ETIOLOGY

• The study of causation.• Sharing needles• Non-sterile instruments• Donating organs• Blood transfusions• Personal care items• Unhygienic sexual behavior

PHASES OF HEPATITIS C

• Acute:• Tiredness• Jaundice

• Chronic:• Fatigue• Jaundice• Abdominal pain• Joint pain

PATHOLOGY• Science or the study of the structure, origin and

nature of diseases.• Liver, like all organs, responds to injury in a limited no

of ways.

ORIGIN OF HCV

• 6 genotypes• Infection have been identified for all genotypes

except genotype 5.

STRUCTURE OF HCV• Positive single stranded RNA genome• Single open reading frame• Small active proteins

NATURE OF HCV

• Age• Gender• Immune response

Diagnosis and Treatment of hcv infection

Prevalence OF HCV Infection within Pakistan

•In Punjab, 6.7%

•In Sindh, 5%

•In Baluchistan, 1.5%

•In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1.1%

Diagnosis Of HCV Infection

• Screening tests for antibody to HCV (anti HCV) 1. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)2. Enhanced Chemiluminescence innumoassay (CIA)

• Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA)

Continuation…

• Qualitative tests to detect presence or absence of virus (HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction [PCR])

• Quantitative tests to detect amount (titer) of virus (HCV RNA PCR)

TREATMENT OF HCV INFECTION

faqs

1. What should be done for a patient with confirmed HCV infection?

2. When might a specialist be consulted in the management of HCV-infected persons?

3. What is the treatment for acute hepatitis C?4. What is the treatment for chronic Hepatitis C?5. Does chronic Hepatitis C affect only the liver?

Prevention and it’s Prognosis:

• Never share needles• Avoid direct exposure to blood or blood

products

• Don't share personal care items• Choose tattoo and piercing parlors carefully

Can Diet Help Prevent Hepatitis C?

Things Patients should not eat…

Prognosis Of HCV

Important Factors Related to Prognosis are following…..

Hepatitis C Prognosis: How Successful Is Treatment?

Positive Prognosis…

Vaccine Prevention…

Vaccination Of HCV..No Vaccination

Because of three Reasons which are following…..

• Different Genotypes

• HCV mutates very easily

• No effective cell culture system