1

FORMELSAMLING

ALLMÄN KEMI FÖR

83

Bi 208,98

4f145d106s26p3

JOM 2010

2

Jämviktslära

ba

dc

c BADCK

][][][][

=

gasn

cp RTKK ∆= )(

]][[]][[ 3−+−+ == OHHOHOHKw

pH = -log[H3O+] = -log[H+]

[ ][ ][ ]

[ ][ ][ ]HA

HAHA

OHAKa

+−+−

== 3

[ ][ ]

[ ]BOHBHKb

−+

=

baw KKK ×=

[ ][ ] %100joniseradProcent

0×=

+

HAH

[ ][ ]SyraBaspKpH a log+= Henderson-Hasselbalch

För )()()( aqxXaqmMsXM yn

xm−+ +↔ gäller:

[ ] [ ]xymnsp XMK −+= Löslighetsprodukt

Elektrokemi ∆G = -nFEcell ∆Go = -nFEo Eo

cell = Eokatod -Eo

anod (galvanisk cell) -nFE = -nFEo + RTlnQ

3

QnFRTEE o ln−= Nernsts formel

KnFRTEo

cell ln=

n(e-) · F = I · t Faradays lag Termodynamik ∆U = q + w w = -P∆V (P konstant) q = C∆T ∆H = ∆U + P∆V ∆G = ∆H – T∆S ∆Stot = ∆S + ∆Ssurr

TH

Ssurr

∆−=∆

∆G0 = -RT lnK ∆G = ∆G0 + RT lnQ

−

∆=

211

2 11lnTTR

HPP vap Clausius-Clapeyron

−

∆=

21

0

1

2 11lnTTR

HKK

Gaser PV = nRT (ideala gaser) Lösningar S = kH⋅P Henrys lag P1 = X1 P0

1 Raoults lag Kinetik

RTEAk a−= lnln

Arrhenius ekvationen

−=

'11'lnTTR

Ekk a

4

Konstanter och omräkningsfaktorer Internationellt (av Codata) rekommenderade värden baserade på mätresultat tillgängliga 1986 c = 2.99792⋅108 m⋅s-1 h = 6.6261⋅10-34 J⋅s NA = 6.0221⋅1023 mol-1 e = 1.6022⋅10-19 C F = 96485 C⋅mol-1

= 96485 J⋅V-1⋅mol-1 me = 9.10939⋅1031 kg = 5.48580⋅10-4 u mp = 1.67262⋅10-27 kg = 1.00728 u mn = 1.67493⋅10-27 kg = 1.00866 u R = 8.3145 J⋅K-1⋅mol-1 = 0.083143 L⋅bar⋅K-l⋅mol-l = 0.082058 L⋅atm⋅K-l⋅mol-l = 62.364 L⋅Torr⋅K-1⋅mol-l R⋅ln 10 = 19.1449 J⋅K-l⋅mol-l R⋅ln 10/F = 0.198423 mV⋅K-l 1 bar = l05 Pa = 105 N⋅m-2 1 atm = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa 1 Torr = 1/760 atm = 1.333224 mbar = 133.3224 Pa 1 Å = l0-10 m 1 L = 10-3 m3 1 u = (1/NA) g = l.6605⋅10-27 kg 1 eV = l.6022⋅10-19 J 0 °C = 273.15 K

t/°C 0 18 20 25 30 37 50 100 RT ln 10/kJ·mol-1 5.2294 5.5740 5.6123 5.7080 5.8038 5.9378 6.1867 7.1439 RT ln 10/mV F

54.199 57.771 58.168 59.160 60.152 61.541 64.120 74.041

Ekvivalenta energier E/kJ·mol-1 E/kcal·mol-1 E/eV E/J T/K ν/cm-1

1.0 0.23901 0.010364 1.6605⋅1021 120.27 83.59 4.1840 1.0 4.3364⋅10-2 6.948⋅10-21 503.2 349.8 96.49 23.061 1.0 1.6022⋅10-19 1.1604⋅104 8066.0 6.022⋅1020 1.4393⋅1020 6.242⋅1018 1.0 7.243⋅1022 5.034⋅1022 8.314⋅10-3 1.9872⋅10-3 8.617⋅10-5 1.3807⋅10-23 1.0 0.6950 1.196⋅10-2 2.859⋅10-3 1.240⋅10-4 1.986⋅10-23 1.439 1.0

~

5

6

7

8

CP,m, J/K·mol

9

10

11

12

+1.50

13

+1.50

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Atommassor

aluminium 26.98154 magnesium 24.305 antimon 121.75 mangan 54.9380 argon 39.948 molybden 95.94 arsenik 74.9216 natrium 22.98977 barium 137.34 neodym 144.24 beryllium 9.01218 neon 20.179 bly 207.2 nickel 58.71 bor 10.81 niob 92.9064 brom 79.904 osmium 190.2 cerium 140.12 palladium 106.4 cesium 132.9054 platina 195.09 dysprosium 162.50 praseodym 140.9077 erbium 167.26 rhenium 186.2 europium 151.96 rodium 102.9055 fluor 18.99840 rubidium 85.4678 fosfor 30.97376 rutenium 101.07 gadolinium 157.25 samarium 150.4 gallium 69.72 selen 78.96 germanium 72.59 silver 107.868 guld 196.9665 skandium 44.9559 hafnium 178.49 strontium 87.62 helium 4.00260 svavel 32.06 holmium 164.9304 syre 15.9994 indium 114.82 tallium 204.37 iridium 192.22 tantal 180.9479 jod 126.9045 tellur 127.60 järn 55.847 tenn 118.69 kadmium 112.40 terbium 158.9254 kalcium 40.08 titan 47.90 kalium 39.098 torium 232.0381 kisel 28.086 tulium 168.9342 klor 35.453 uran 238.029 kobolt 58.9332 vanadin 50.9414 kol 12.011 vismut 208.9804 koppar 63.546 volfram 183.85 krom 51.996 väte 1.0079 krypton 83.80 xenon 131.30 kvicksilver 200.59 ytterbium 173.04 kväve 14.0067 yttrium 88.9059 lantan 138.9055 zink 65.38 litium 6.941 zirkonium 91.22 lutetium 174.97

21

Periodiska systemet

18

8A

2 He 10

Ne 18

Ar

36

Kr

54

Xe 86

Rn

17

7A

9 F 17

Cl

35

Br

53

I 85

At

71

Lu

103

Lr

16

6A

8 O

16

S

34

Se 52

Te

84

Po

69

Tm

102

No

15

5A

7 N

15

P

33

As 51

Sb 83

Bi

69

Tm

101

Md

14

4A

6 C

14

Si

32

Ge

50

Sn 82

Pb

68

Er

100

Fm

13

3A

5 B

13

Al

31

Ga

49

In

81

Tl

67

Ho 99

Es

12

2B

30

Zn

48

Cd 80

Hg

112

66

Dy 98

Cf

11

1B

29

Cu 47

Ag 79

Au

111

65

Tb

97

Bk

10

28

Ni

46

Pd 78

Pt

110

64

Gd

96

Cm

9 8B

27

Co 45

Rh 77

Ir 109

Mt

63

Eu 95

Am

8

26

Fe

44

Ru 76

Os

108

Hs

62

Sm

94

Pu

7 7B 25

Mn

43

Tc

75

Re

107

Bh

61

Pm

93

Np

6 6B

24

Cr

42

Mo

74

W

106

Sg

60

Nd 92

U

5 5B

23

V

41

Nb 73

Ta

105

Db

59

Pr

91

Pa

4 4B

22

Ti

40

Zr

72

Hf

104

Rf

58

Ce 90

Th

3 3B

21

Sc 39

Y

57

La

89

Ac

2 2A

4 Be 12

Mg

20

Ca 38

Sr

56

Ba 88

Ra

1 1A

1 H 3 Li

11

Na 19

K

37

Rb 55

Cs 87

Fr