HEMOGLOBIN, 7(6) , 603-610 (1983)

SPECIAL FEATURE

HEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS I N M E X I C O

I n f o r m a t i o n on t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f abnormal hemoglobins i n Mexico i s d e r i v e d from two sources; ( a ) surveys per formed i n seve ra l d i f f e r e n t p o p u l a t i o n groups; I n d i a n s and h y b r i d p o p u l a t i o n s r e s i d i n g i n v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e Mexican Repub l i c as w e l l as i n a smal l sample o f people of I t a l i a n ances t r y ; and ( b ) t h e s t u d y o f p a t i e n t s w i t h hemo ly t i c anemia

I n d i a n Popu la t i ons Surveys. The I n d i a n p o p u l a t i o n i n Mexico speaks n e a r l y 50 d i f f e r e n t languages, and Swadesh ( 1 ) u s i n g t h e g l o t o - c h r o n o l o g i c a l t echn ique has qrouped them i n t o f i v e ma jo r c a t e q o r i e s : Tarasco, Macro-Mixteco, Macro-Nahua, Macro-Maya, and Macro-Yuma. L i s k e r and coworkers (2,3) surveyed a t o t a l o f 3311 "pure" Ind ians , be long ing t o 20 l i n g u i s t i c groups and found t h r e e s u b j e c t s he te rozy - gous f o r Hb S, and, i n two Nahua o f Puebla and one Mazatec f rom Oaxaca, t h e y found a n o n p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d v a r i a n t t h a t was c a l l e d Hb Mexico (4,5). v a r i a n t , Hb Chiapas (6).

o f t h e da ta o f Cabannes and coworkers ( 7 ) , who found 20 B-thalassemia t r a i t cases i n 413 Maya Ind ians , t h a t t h e abnormal hemoglobins a r e v i r - t u a l l y absent i n Mexican Ind ians , and t h a t t h e spo rad ic f i n d i n g o f Hb S i s due t o admix tu re w i t h A f r i c a n s u b j e c t s b rough t t o Mexico as s laves d u r i n g t h e Spanish domina t ion o f t h e coun t ry . The Cabannes ( 7 ) da ta should be analyzed c a u t i o u s l y s i n c e t h e y d i f f e r f r o m those found by o t h e r a u t h o r s i n t h e Mayan and o t h e r Amerindian groups (8 ) . t h e 6- tha lassemia homozygous s t a t e i s v e r y r a r e among them ( 9 ) .

h y b r i d p o p u l a t i o n s i n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e c o u n t r y . c a l c u l a t e d t h a t i n 1640, about 150,000 s l a v e s were b rough t t o Mexico and t h a t t h e ma jo r p r o p o r t i o n was o f Bantu o r i g i n ( 1 0 ) . The A f r i c a n i m m i g r a t i o n t o Mexico t o o k p l a c e m a i n l y th rough t h e East ( G u l f o f Mexico) Coast and, t o a l e s s e r e x t e n t , by t h e West ( P a c i f i c Ocean) Coast, t h rough Acapulco. L i s k e r and coworkers ( 2 , 3 ) and o t h e r s ( 1 1 ) s t u d i e d seve ra l communit ies a t b o t h t h e East and \Jest Coasts and were a b l e t o demonstrate a v a r i a b l e i n c i d e n c e o f Hb S he te rozygo tes and o t h e r hemoalobip a b n o r m a l i t i e s i n ove r t h r e e thousand i n d i v i d - u a l s f rom b o t h r e g i o n s ( F i g u r e 1 ) .

I n one i n d i v i d u a l o f t h e Chol group t h e y found a second new (Tab le I . )

From t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i t can be sa id , w i t h t h e p o s s i b l e excep t ion

Moreover,

H y b r i d P o p u l a t i o n S u r v w . Severa l surveys have been made i n I t has been

Rcc@,Lvcd: M u c h I S , 19b3; Accepted: A u g u t 16, 7 9 8 3 .

603

Copyright 0 1983 by Marcel Dekker, Inc, 0363-0269/83/0706-0603$3.50/0

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604 RUIZ E Y E S

TABLE I Hemoglobin Variants i n Indian Populations i n Mexico*

Group Subgroups Total AS Others

Macro-Maya Maya 333 0 0 Maya 5 47 3 1 20 8-thal Chol 165 0 1 A + Chiapas Totonaco 104 0 0 Tze l ta l 57 0 0 Chon t a 1 101 2 0 Tzotzi 1 63 0 0 Tzel ta l -Tzot r i l 163 0 0 Huasteco 312 0 0 Lacandon 89 0 0 Mi xe 63 0 0 Zoque 31 0 0

Macro-Mi xteco Chinanteco 70 0 0 Zapoteco 127 0 0 Maza teco 261 0 1 A + Mexico Mi xteco 154 0 0 Pop01 oco 17 0 0

Macro - Na h ua Nahua 772 0 2 A + Mexico Yaqui 96 0 0 Tarahumara 99 0 0 Cora 101 0 0

Ta rasco Tarasco 133 0 0

* From Lisker ( 3 ) , s l i g h t l y modified 9 Cabannes e t a1 ( 7 ) .

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East Coast Communities No. AS % SS % Others

1 Tamiahua 2 Saladero 3 Veracruz 4 Paraiso 5 El Carmen 6 Hueyapan de Ocampo 7 Cosamaloapan 8 T1 acotal pan 9 Acula 10 Chacaltianguis 1 1 Yanga 12 Cui tl ahuac 13 Omealco

109 119 147 160 109 200 200 200 200 200

400

11.0 0 1 (AC) 4.2 0 0 1.4 0 1 (AC + "Slow") 6.9 0 1 ( A C + "Fast") 2.8 0 0 9.0 0 0 3.5 0.5 1 (B-thal) 2.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 2.0 0 0

0.5 0 2 (B-thal) 1 (AC)

West Coast Communities No. AS % SS % Others

Pochutla S . Pedro Mixtepec Cuaji nicui 1 apa Ome t e pec Xochixtlahuaca San Marcos Acapulco La Sabana

7 49 0.4 0 335 2.9 0 592 11.1 0 408 4.1 0 41 0 0 143 11.2 0 119 10.1 0 200 2.5 0 5 (HPFH)

1 (S + HPFH)

FTGIIRE 1

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606 R U I Z E Y E S

A t l e a s t two hos i t a l surve s have been made i n Puebla (12,13) and Guadalajara (l'*, newborns, and t h e i r r e s u l t s a r e shown i n Table 11.

Dur ing a 10 year period of study a t a hospi ta l i n t he c i t y of Vera Cruz, 43 heterozygotes and 20 homozygotes f o r Hb S were i d e n t i f i e d ( 1 5 ) .

The group of t he Division de Genetica de l a Unidad de Inves t i - gacion Biomedica and of t he Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Medicao de Occidente del I n s t i t u t o Mexican0 del Seguor Social de Guadalajara, assayed blood samples from 1661 sub jec t s from d i f f e r e n t health cen te r s i n t he S t a t e of J a l i s c o . Table I11 summarizes the r e s u l t s of t h i s survey.

TABLE I1 Hospital Surveys i n Puebla and Guadalajara

No' Of a - tha l 5-thal AS AC Others samples

Puebl a : Adults 3886 0 6 3 1 2 Hb A + Mexico Newborns 500 0 0 0 0

Guadalajara: Adults 3668 0 3 13 0 3 Hb A t Riyadh

1 Hb A t Baltimore 3 Not charac te r ized

Newborns 4600 0 0 1 0 2 Hb A t Tarrant

TABLE I11

i n the S t a t e of J a l i s co* Abnormal Hemoglobins Detected i n Seven Health Centers

N o * Of a - tha l 5-thal AS AC Others samples Town

Tonal a 1096 0 0 5 4 2 Hb A + Chiapas 1 Hb A + Fannin-

Ameca, Cocula, Magdal ena , Ocotlan, and Yahualica 500 1 0 2 1

Huichol community 65 0 0 0 0

Lubbock

* See Ref. 14.

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HEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS 607

I n a community o f I t a l i a n a n c e s t r x 150 i n d i v i d u a l s were s t u d i e d randomly, and two s u b j e c t s w i t h 6- tha lassemia were found. The f r e - quency (1.3%) i s s i m i l a r t o t h a t seen i n t h e r e g i o n s o f I t a l y f rom where t h e ances to rs o f t hese i n d i v i d u a l s o r i g i n a t e d (16) .

t a i n e d f rom t h e s t u d y o f i s o l a t e d cases, m a i n l y o f p a t i e n t s w i t h hemo- Table I V compi les t h e aforement ioned da ta as w e l l as those ob-

TABLE I V

L i s t o f Hemoglobins and Thalassemias Found i n Mexico*

No* Of E t h n i c O r i g i n References Cases Name

Mexico (a54 Gln-tGlu) Chiapas (a114 Pro+Arg) T a r r a n t (a1 26 Asp+Asn)

S (66 Glu+Val)

C ( 8 6 Glu+Lys) G-San Jose (67 G1 u+Gly) J -Ba l t imore (616 Gly-tAsp) E (626 G1 u-ttys) Fa nn i n - Lu b boc k ( 6 1 1 9 G 1 y+As p ) Riyadh (61 20 Lys+Asn) D-Los Angeles (6121 Glu-tgln)

Thalassemias

H d isease

a- tha lassemia t r a i t 6- tha lassemia homozygous 6- tha lassemia t r a i t

B-thalassemia combined w i t h : Hb S

Hb S + HPFH Hb E

6 13- t h a l assemi a HPFH

4 2 2

21 2

11 1 1 1 1 3 1

3

6 5

17

2

1 1 1 3

Mexi can Mexican Mexican

Mexi can, A f r i c a n , Hol1 and Mexi can Mexican Mexi can Mexican Mexi can Mexican Mexican

Mexican ( 2 ) , Chinese ( 1 ) Mexican ( 6 ) Mexican Mexican ( 1 3 ) , Lebanese ( 3 ) , Greek (1 )

Mex’ican ( l ) , Lebanese ( 1 ) Mexican Mexican Mexi can Mexican

4,5,12,13 5,6,14 14

2,3,7,12, 14,15,17-22

2,12,14,22,23 24,25 14 26 14 14 27

22,28

14,22,28 21,29,31 ,37 14,16,22,32

33,34

35 26 36 11,35

-

* I n f o r m a t i o n c o l l e c t e d t o January 1983

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608 RUIZ REYES

l y t i c anemia. a r e n o t inc luded.

The 20 6- tha lassemia t r a i t cases o f Cabannes e t a1 ( 7 )

L a b o r a t o r i o s C l i n i c o s de Puebla Diaz Ordaz 808, Anzures 72530 Puebla, Mexico

G u i l l e r m o Ruiz Reyes

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13.

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L i s k e r , R., E s t r u c t u r a genet ica de l a pob lac ion mexicana, Aspectos medicos y ant ropo log icos , Sa lva t , Mexico, 1981.

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609 HEMOGLOBIN VARIANTS

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610 RUIZ REYES

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