Hematite, nanocrystalline (2,295,576) Fe type 1 (305,612 ...Hematite, coarse-grained (240) Hematite,...
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Kohsan Ghoriyan Zindah Jan IRAN 1122 1326 1439 945 1219 2058 971 977 1134 1093 1026 1102 1080 1292 1135 1398 1223 1123 1422 1096 1957 1924 1215 1168 1541 1259 786 1448 1257 999 1714 1076 962 904 1216 1172 1069 1260 1087 1087 1840 960 1141 1677 1824 1609 1608 1266 1582 1192 1380 1210 1497 1644 1300 1422 1363 1376 1465 1338 1452 1781 1677 1824 1609 1608 1266 1582 1192 1380 1210 1497 1644 1300 1422 1363 1376 1465 1338 1452 1781 IRAN 4 0 3 9 3 8 3 7 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 0 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 5 0000 m E 4 0 3 9 3 8 3 7 3 6 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 0 3 5 0000 m E 36 7 36 8 36 6 36 9 37 1 37 0 37 2 37 3 37 4 37 6 37 7 37 8 37 9 37 7 37 6 37 8 38 0 38 1 38 2 38 0 38 1 38 2 38 3 38 4 38 3 38 4 38 6 38 7 38 6 38 7 37 5 0000 m N 38 5 0000 m N 36 7 36 6 36 9 37 1 37 0 37 2 37 3 37 4 37 5 0000 m N 38 5 0000 m N 33°00' 60°30' 35°00' 33°00' 35°00' 30' 30' 45' 15' 45' 15' 45' 61°00' 15' 30' 45' 62°00' 60°30' 45' 61°00' 15' 30' 45' 62°00' 30' 45' 15' 34°00' 34°00' 30' 45' 15' 2 8 HYPERSPECTRAL SURFACE MATERIALS MAP OF QUADRANGLES 3360 AND 3460, KAWIR-E NAIZAR (413), KOHE-MAHMUDO-ESMAILJAN (414), KOL-E NAMAKSAR (407), AND GHORIYAN (408) QUADRANGLES, AFGHANISTAN, SHOWING IRON-BEARING MINERALS AND OTHER MATERIALS By Trude V.V. King, Todd M. Hoefen, Raymond F. Kokaly, Keith E. Livo, Michaela R. Johnson, and Stuart A. Giles 2013 SCALE 1:250 000 5 5 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 KILOMETERS 10 5 0 5 15 20 MILES Cultural data from digital files from Afghanistan Information Management Service (http://www.aims.org.af) Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 41, WGS 1984 Datum Figure 1.—Provinces and selected cities, towns, and villages in the map area. Topography is shown as shaded relief. EXPLANATION OF MATERIAL CLASSES USGS OPEN-FILE REPORT 2013–1203–B AGS OPEN-FILE REPORT (413/414/407/408) 2013–1203–B USGS Afghanistan Project Product No. 226 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AFGHANISTAN MINISTRY OF MINES AFGHANISTAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations Any use of firm, trade, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Suggested citation: King, T.V.V., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R.F., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M.R., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3360 and 3460, Kawir-e Naizar (413), Kohe-Mahmudo-Esmailjan (414), Kol-e Namaksar (407), and Ghoriyan (408) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1203–B, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131203B. ISSN 2331-1258 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131203B LOCATION MAP Afghanistan 1:250,000-scale topographic series quadrangles shown in blue USGS/AGS 1:250,000-scale quadrangles shown in red HyMap TM imaging spectrometer data-coverage area shown in gray 64° 62° 60° 66° 68° 70° 72° 35° 34° 74° 76° 32° 33° 30° 29° 31° 36° 37° 38° 39° 414 413 3360 408 407 3460 Kohsan Ghoriyan Zindah Jan HERAT FARAH IRAN IRAN 30' 30' 61°00’ 33°00’ 30' 34°00’ 30' 62°00’ 35°00’ REFERENCES Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Wise, R.A., Livo, K.E., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R.F., and Sutley, S.J., 2007, USGS digital spectral library splib06a: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 231. King, T.V.V., Kokaly, R.F., Hoefen, T.M., Dudek, K.B., and Livo, K.E., 2011, Surface materials map of Afghanistan; iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3152–B, one sheet, scale 1:1,100,000. Kokaly, R.F., King, T.V.V., and Hoefen, T.M., 2013, Surface mineral maps of Afghanistan derived from HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data, version 2: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 787. Kokaly, R.F., King, T.V.V., and Livo, K.E., 2008, Airborne hyperspectral survey of Afghanistan 2007; flight line planning and HyMap™ data collection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1235, 14 p. DATA SUMMARY This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007 (Kokaly and others, 2008). This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan and is a subset of the version 2 map of the entire country showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials (Kokaly and others, 2013). This version 2 map improved mineral mapping from the previously published version (King and others, 2011) by refining the classification procedures, especially in areas having wet soils. The version 2 map more accurately represents the mineral distributions and contains an additional mineral classification (Fe 2+ Fe 3+ type 3). Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospheri- cally corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines. The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials (Clark and others, 2007). Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discrimi- nated. Minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra. Further information regarding the processing procedures is presented in King and others (2011) and Kokaly and others (2013). International boundary City, town, or village Peak; elevation in meters 3725 Road, improved or unimproved No data Not classified (3,763,563) OTHER SYMBOLS [Not all symbols shown may be present on this map] Wet soils (96) Water (552) Cloud or cloud shadow (0) Snow and ice (0) Dry vegetation (142,847) Green vegetation (74,485) Ferrihydrite (21) Maghemite (10) Chlorite (0) Epidote (7,745) Fe 2+ Fe 3+ type 3 (294) Fe 2+ Fe 3+ type 2 (173,120) Fe 2+ Fe 3+ type 1 (305,612) Fe 3+ type 2 (340) Fe 3+ type 1 (1,892,279) Fe 2+ type 2 (38,022) Fe 2+ type 1 (0) Jarosite (3,395) Goethite and jarosite (5) Goethite, coarse-grained (470,954) Goethite, medium-grained (7,437) Goethite, fine-grained (58,225) Iron hydroxide (839,067) Hematite, coarse-grained (240) Hematite, medium-grained (203) Hematite, fine-grained (185) Hematite, nanocrystalline (2,295,576) [Materials are listed based on quality of match with reference spectra; class may contain one or more minerals or material types with the most likely option listed first. Number in parentheses indicates pixel count. Material classes that have small areal extent may not be visible at the publication scale of this map]
Transcript of Hematite, nanocrystalline (2,295,576) Fe type 1 (305,612 ...Hematite, coarse-grained (240) Hematite,...
Kohsan
GhoriyanZindah Jan
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HYPERSPECTRAL SURFACE MATERIALS MAP OF QUADRANGLES 3360 AND 3460, KAWIR-E NAIZAR (413),KOHE-MAHMUDO-ESMAILJAN (414), KOL-E NAMAKSAR (407), AND GHORIYAN (408) QUADRANGLES, AFGHANISTAN,
SHOWING IRON-BEARING MINERALS AND OTHER MATERIALS By
Trude V.V. King, Todd M. Hoefen, Raymond F. Kokaly, Keith E. Livo, Michaela R. Johnson, and Stuart A. Giles 2013
SCALE 1:250 0005 50 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 KILOMETERS
105 0 5 15 20 MILES
Cultural data from digital files from Afghanistan InformationManagement Service (http://www.aims.org.af)
Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 41,WGS 1984 Datum
Figure 1.—Provinces and selected cities, towns, and villages in the map area. Topography is shown as shaded relief.
EXPLANATION OF MATERIAL CLASSES
USGS OPEN-FILE REPORT 2013–1203–BAGS OPEN-FILE REPORT (413/414/407/408) 2013–1203–B
USGS Afghanistan Project Product No. 226
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
AFGHANISTAN MINISTRY OF MINESAFGHANISTAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of theU.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations
Any use of firm, trade, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Suggested citation: King, T.V.V., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R.F., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M.R., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3360 and 3460, Kawir-e Naizar (413), Kohe-Mahmudo-Esmailjan (414), Kol-e Namaksar (407), and Ghoriyan (408) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1203–B, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131203B.
ISSN 2331-1258 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131203B
LOCATION MAP
Afghanistan 1:250,000-scale topographic series quadrangles shown in blue
USGS/AGS 1:250,000-scale quadrangles shown in red
HyMapTM imaging spectrometer data-coverage area shown in gray
64°
62°
60°
66° 68°
70° 72°
35°
34°
74° 76°
32°
33°
30°
29°
31°
36°
37°
38°
39°
4144133360
4084073460
Kohsan
Ghoriyan Zindah Jan
HERAT
FARAH
IRAN
IRAN
30' 30'61°00’
33°00’
30'
34°00’
30'
62°00’35°00’
REFERENCESClark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Wise, R.A., Livo, K.E., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R.F., and Sutley, S.J., 2007, USGS
digital spectral library splib06a: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 231.
King, T.V.V., Kokaly, R.F., Hoefen, T.M., Dudek, K.B., and Livo, K.E., 2011, Surface materials map of Afghanistan; iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3152–B, one sheet, scale 1:1,100,000.
Kokaly, R.F., King, T.V.V., and Hoefen, T.M., 2013, Surface mineral maps of Afghanistan derived from HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data, version 2: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 787.
Kokaly, R.F., King, T.V.V., and Livo, K.E., 2008, Airborne hyperspectral survey of Afghanistan 2007; flight line planning and HyMap™ data collection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1235, 14 p.
DATA SUMMARYThis map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from
analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007 (Kokaly and others, 2008). This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan and is a subset of the version 2 map of the entire country showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials (Kokaly and others, 2013). This version 2 map improved mineral mapping from the previously published version (King and others, 2011) by refining the classification procedures, especially in areas having wet soils. The version 2 map more accurately represents the mineral distributions and contains an additional mineral classification (Fe2+Fe3+ type 3).
Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 µm. The data were georeferenced, atmospheri-cally corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials (Clark and others, 2007). Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discrimi-nated. Minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra. Further information regarding the processing procedures is presented in King and others (2011) and Kokaly and others (2013).
International boundary
City, town, or village
Peak; elevation in meters3725
Road, improved or unimproved
No data
Not classified (3,763,563)
OTHER SYMBOLS[Not all symbols shown may be present on this map]
Wet soils (96)
Water (552)
Cloud or cloud shadow (0)
Snow and ice (0)
Dry vegetation (142,847)
Green vegetation (74,485)
Ferrihydrite (21)
Maghemite (10)
Chlorite (0)
Epidote (7,745)
Fe2+Fe3+ type 3 (294)
Fe2+Fe3+ type 2 (173,120)
Fe2+Fe3+ type 1 (305,612)
Fe3+ type 2 (340)
Fe3+ type 1 (1,892,279)
Fe2+ type 2 (38,022)
Fe2+ type 1 (0)
Jarosite (3,395)
Goethite and jarosite (5)
Goethite, coarse-grained (470,954)
Goethite, medium-grained (7,437)
Goethite, fine-grained (58,225)
Iron hydroxide (839,067)
Hematite, coarse-grained (240)
Hematite, medium-grained (203)
Hematite, fine-grained (185)
Hematite, nanocrystalline (2,295,576)
[Materials are listed based on quality of match with reference spectra; class may contain one or more minerals or material types with the most likely option listed first. Number in parentheses indicates pixel count. Material classes that have small areal extent may not be visible at the publication scale of this map]
