Hellenistic religion.docx

download Hellenistic religion.docx

of 13

Transcript of Hellenistic religion.docx

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    1/13

    Hellenistic religion

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Jump to:navigation,search

    Serapis,a Greco-Egyptian God worshipped in Hellenistic Egypt

    Hellenistic religionis any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people who lived

    under the influence of ancientGreekculture during theHellenistic periodand theRoman Empire(c. 300 BCE to 300 CE). There was much continuity in Hellenistic religion: theGreek gods

    continued to be worshipped, and the same rites were practiced as before.

    Change came from the addition of new religions from other countries, such as including the

    EgyptianGod(esse)s ofIsisandSerapis,and theSyrianGods ofAtargatisand ofHadad,which

    provided a new outlet for people seeking fulfillment in both the present life and theafterlife.The

    worship of Hellenistic rulers was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where thePtolemiesadopted earlier pharaonic practice, and established themselves asgod-kings.

    Elsewhere rulers might receive divine status without the full status of a God.

    Magicwas practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout

    the Hellenistic world, people would consultoracles,and usecharmsand figurines to deter

    misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system ofastrology,which sought to determine a person's character and future in the movements of thesun,moon,

    andplanets.The systems ofHellenistic philosophy,such asStoicismandEpicureanism,offered

    an alternative to traditional religion, even if their impact was largely limited to the educated elite.

    Contents

    [hide]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#mw-navigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#mw-navigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#mw-navigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#p-searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#p-searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#p-searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_godshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_godshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_godshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God-kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God-kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God-kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serapis_Pio-Clementino_Inv689_n2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serapis_Pio-Clementino_Inv689_n2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serapis_Pio-Clementino_Inv689_n2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serapis_Pio-Clementino_Inv689_n2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God-kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_godshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#p-searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#mw-navigation

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    2/13

    1 Classical Greek religion

    2 Hellenistic religion

    o 2.1 New religions of the period

    o 2.2 Ruler cults

    o 2.3 Astrology and Theurgy

    o

    2.4 Hellenistic philosophy 3 See also

    4 Notes

    5 References

    Classical Greek religion[edit]

    Main article:Religion in ancient Greece

    Remains of the temple of Apollo atCorinth.

    Central to Greek religion in classical times were thetwelve Olympian deitiesheaded byZeus.Each god was honored with stonetemplesandstatues,and sanctuaries (sacred enclosures) were

    founded, which, although dedicated to a specific deity, often contained statues commemoratingother gods.

    [1]The city-states would conduct various festivals and rituals throughout the year,

    with particular emphasis directed towards the patron god of the city, such asAthenaatAthens,or

    ApolloatCorinth.[1]

    Religious practice would also involve theworship of heroes,people who were regarded as semi-

    divine. Such heroes ranged from the mythical figures in the epics ofHomerto historical people

    such as the founder of a city.[1]

    At the local level, the landscape was filled with sacred spots andmonuments; for example, many statues ofNymphswere found near and aroundsprings,and the

    stylized figures ofHermescould often be found on street corners.[1]

    Magicwas a central part of Greek religion[2]andoracleswould allow people to determine divinewill in the rustle of leaves; the shape of flame and smoke on an altar; the flight of birds; the

    noises made by a spring; or in the entrails of an animal.[3]

    Also long established were the

    Eleusinian Mysteries,associated withDemeterandPersephone.[3][3]

    People were indoctrinatedinto mystery religions through initiation ceremonies, which were traditionally kept secret. These

    religions often had a goal of personal improvement, which would also extend to theafterlife.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Classical_Greek_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Classical_Greek_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Hellenistic_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Hellenistic_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#New_religions_of_the_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#New_religions_of_the_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Ruler_cultshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Ruler_cultshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Astrology_and_Theurgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Astrology_and_Theurgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_Apollo_Korinth_OLC.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_Apollo_Korinth_OLC.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_Apollo_Korinth_OLC.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_Apollo_Korinth_OLC.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley154-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Astrology_and_Theurgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Ruler_cultshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#New_religions_of_the_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Hellenistic_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#Classical_Greek_religion

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    3/13

    Hellenistic religion[edit]

    In the aftermath of the conquests ofAlexander the Great,Greek culture spread widely and came

    into much closer contact with the civilizations of theNear EastandEgypt.The most significantchanges to impact on Greek religion were the loss of independence of the Greek city-states to

    Macedonianrulers; the importation of foreign deities; and the development ofnew philosophicalsystems.

    [4]Older surveys of Hellenistic religion tended to depict the era as one of religious

    decline, discerning a rise inscepticism,agnosticismandatheism,as well as an increase in

    superstition,mysticism,andastrology.[5]

    There is, however, no reason to suppose that there was a decline in the traditional religion.[6]

    There is plenty of documentary evidence that the Greeks continued to worship the same gods

    with the same sacrifices, dedications, and festivals as in the classical period.[7]

    New religions did

    appear in this period, but not to the exclusion of the local deities,[8]

    and only a minority of Greekswere attracted to them.

    [9]

    New religions of the period[edit]

    The Egyptian religion which followsIsiswas the most famous of the new religions. The religion

    was introduced to Greece by Egyptian priests, initially for the small Egyptian communities in theport cities of the Greek world.

    [9]Although the Egyptian religion found only a small audience

    among the Greeks themselves, her popularity spread under theRoman empire,[10]

    andDiodorus

    Siculuswrote that the religion was known throughout almost the whole inhabited world.[11]

    Almost as famous wasSerapis,a Greek religion despite the Egyptian name, which was created in

    Egypt under thePtolemaic dynasty.[12]

    Serapis was patronized by the Greeks who had settled in

    Egypt. This religion involved initiation rites like the Eleusinian Mysteries.[13]

    Strabowrote of the

    SerapeionatCanopusnearAlexandriaas being patronized by the most reputable men.[14]

    The religion ofAtargatis(related to the Babylonian and AssyrianIshtarand PhoenicianBa`alat

    Gebal), a fertility- and sea goddess fromSyria,was also popular. By the 3rd century BCE her

    worship had spread from Syria to Egypt and Greece, and eventually reachedItalyand the

    west.[10]

    The religion followingCybele(or the Great Mother) came fromPhrygiato Greece andthen to Egypt and Italy, where in 204 BCE theRoman Senatepermitted her worship. She was a

    healing and protecting goddess, and a guardian of fertility and wild nature.[10]

    Another mystery religion was focused aroundDionysus.Although rare in mainland Greece, it

    was common on the islands and inAnatolia.[15]

    The members were known asBacchants,and the

    rites had anorgiasticcharacter.[15]

    These newly introduced religions and gods only had a limited impact within Greece itself; the

    main exception was atDelos,[9]

    which was a major port and trading center. The island was sacredas the birthplace ofApolloandArtemis,and by the 2nd century BCE was also home to the

    native Greek religions that follow Zeus, Athena, Dionysus, Hermes,Pan,andAsclepius.But

    there were also cult centers for the Egyptian Sarapis and Isis, and of the Syrian Atargatis andHadad.

    [16]By the 1st century BCE there were additional religions that followedBa'aland

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson218-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson218-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson218-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_skepticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_skepticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_skepticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley155-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley155-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley155-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley170-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley170-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley170-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson217-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson217-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson217-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus_Siculushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus_Siculushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus_Siculushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus_Siculushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux340-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux340-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux340-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley167-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley167-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapeumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapeumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopus,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopus,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopus,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%60alat_Gebalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%60alat_Gebalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%60alat_Gebalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%60alat_Gebalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacchantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacchantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacchantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27alhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27alhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27alhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27alhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacchantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux331-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%60alat_Gebalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%60alat_Gebalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atargatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopus,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapeumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley167-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux340-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus_Siculushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus_Siculushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley168-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson217-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley170-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley155-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_skepticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson218-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=2

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    4/13

    Astarte, a JewishSynagogueand Romans who followed the original Roman religions of gods

    like Apollo and Neptune.[16]

    Ruler cults[edit]

    Further information:imperial cultandhero cult

    Another innovation in the Hellenistic period was the institution of cults dedicated to the rulers ofthe Hellenistic kingdoms. The first of these was established underAlexander,whose conquests,power, and status had elevated him to a degree that required special recognition. His successors

    continued his worship to the point where inEgyptunderPtolemy I Soter,we find Alexander

    being honored as a god.[17]

    Ptolemy's sonPtolemy II Philadelphusproclaimed his late father a

    god, and made himself a living god.[17]

    By doing so, the Ptolemies were adapting earlier Egyptian ideas inpharaonicworship.

    Elsewhere, practice varied; a ruler might receive divine status without the full status of a god,[9]

    as occurred inAthensin 307 BCE, whenAntigonus I MonophthalmusandDemetrius IPoliorceteswere honored as saviors (soteres) for liberating the city, and, as a result, an altar was

    erected; an annual festival was founded; and an office of the "priest of the Saviours" wasintroduced.

    [18]Temples dedicated to rulers were rare, but their statues were often erected in other

    temples, and the kings would be worshiped as "temple-sharing gods."[19]

    Astrology and Theurgy[edit]

    Acurse tablet.

    There is ample evidence for the use of theurgy in this period. Oracular shrines and sanctuarieswere still popular.

    [3]There is also much evidence for the use ofcharmsandcurses.Symbols

    would be placed on the doors of houses to bring good luck or deter misfortune for the occupantswithin.

    [2]

    Charms, often cut in precious or semi-precious stone, had protective power.[2]

    Figurines,

    manufactured from bronze, lead, or terracotta, were pierced with pins or nails, and used to cast

    spells.Curse tabletsmade from marble or metal (especiallylead)were used for curses.[2]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synagoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synagoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synagoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_I_Poliorceteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_I_Poliorceteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_I_Poliorceteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_I_Poliorceteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis436-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis436-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis436-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis439-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis439-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis439-19http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eygui%C3%A8res.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eygui%C3%A8res.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eygui%C3%A8res.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eygui%C3%A8res.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux347-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chamoux330-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis439-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-chaniotis436-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_I_Poliorceteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_I_Poliorceteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson219-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-shipley159-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_culthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson209-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synagogue

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    5/13

    Astrology- the belief that stars and planets influence a person's future - arose inBabylonia,

    where it was originally only applied to the king or nation.[20]

    The Greeks, in the Hellenistic era,

    elaborated it into the fantastically complex system ofHellenistic astrologyfamiliar to latertimes.

    [20]Interest in astrology grew rapidly from the 1st century BCE onwards.

    [20]

    Hellenistic philosophy[edit]

    Main article:Hellenistic philosophy

    An alternative to traditional religion was offered by Hellenistic philosophy. The most widespreadof these systems wasStoicism,which taught that life should be lived according to the rational

    order which the Stoics believed governed the universe; human-beings had to accept theirfateas

    according to divine will, and virtuous acts should be performed for their own intrinsic value. Itsprincipal rival wasEpicureanism,which taught that the universe was subject to the random

    movements of atoms, and life should be lived to achieve psychological contentment and the

    absence of pain.[7]

    Other philosophers such as theCynics,who expressed contempt for convention and material

    possessions, and theAcademicsandPeripatetics,who studied the works ofPlatoandAristotle,also flourished. All of these philosophies, to a greater or lesser extent, sought to accommodate

    traditional Greek religion, but the philosophers, and those who studied under them, remained a

    small select group, limited largely to the educated elite.[7]

    The Twelve Olympians[edit]

    Fragment of aHellenisticrelief(1st century BC1st century AD) depicting the Twelve

    Olympians carrying their attributes in procession; from left to right, Hestia (scepter), Hermes

    (winged cap and staff), Aphrodite (veiled), Ares (helmet and spear), Demeter (scepter and wheat

    sheaf), Hephaestus (staff), Hera (scepter), Poseidon (trident), Athena (owl and helmet), Zeus

    (thunderbolt and staff), Artemis (bow and quiver), Apollo (lyre), from theWalters ArtMuseum.

    [2]

    The Twelve Olympians, also known as theDodekatheon(Greek:,[3][4]

    ddeka, "twelve"+ , theoi, "gods"), were the principaldeitiesof the Greekpantheon,residing

    atop a mythicalMount Olympus.The Olympians gained their supremacy in awar of godsin

    which Zeus led his siblings to victory over theTitans.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripateticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripateticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripateticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walters_Art_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walters_Art_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walters_Art_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon_(gods)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon_(gods)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon_(gods)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Olympushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Olympushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Olympushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanomachyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanomachyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanomachyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_-_Procession_of_Twelve_Gods_and_Goddesses_-_Walters_2340.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_-_Procession_of_Twelve_Gods_and_Goddesses_-_Walters_2340.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_-_Procession_of_Twelve_Gods_and_Goddesses_-_Walters_2340.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_-_Procession_of_Twelve_Gods_and_Goddesses_-_Walters_2340.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanomachyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Olympushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon_(gods)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walters_Art_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walters_Art_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripateticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-mikalson220-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destinyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_religion&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_astrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_religion#cite_note-evans343-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyloniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    6/13

    The concept of the "Twelve Gods" is older than any extant Greek or Roman sources.[5]

    The gods

    meet in council in theHomeric epics,but the first ancient reference to religious ceremonies for

    the Olympians collectively is found in theHomeric Hymnto Hermes. The Greek cult of theTwelve Olympians can be traced to 6th-century BC Athens and probably has no precedent in the

    Mycenaean period. The altar to the Twelve Olympians at Athens is usually dated to the

    archonshipof the youngerPesistratos,in 522/521 BC.

    While the number was fixed at twelve,[6]

    there was considerable variation as to which deities

    were included.[7]

    However, the twelve as most commonly portrayed in art and poetry wereZeus,Hera,Poseidon,Demeter,Athena,Apollo,Artemis,Ares,Aphrodite,Hephaestus,Hermesand

    eitherHestia,orDionysus.

    Hades,known in theEleusinian traditionasPluto,was not usually included among the

    Olympians because his realm was the underworld.Platoconnected the Twelve Olympians with

    the twelve months, and implies that he consideredPlutoone of the twelve in proposing that the

    final month be devoted to him and the spirits of the dead.[8][9]

    InPhaedrusPlato aligns the

    Twelve with the Zodiac and would exclude Hestia from their rank.

    [10]

    ButEudoxus of Cniduswas the first to relate gods and signs.[citation needed]

    Inancient Greek religion,the "Olympian Gods" and the "Cults of Twelve Gods" were often

    relatively distinct concepts.[11]

    The Dodekatheon ofHerodorus of Heracleaincluded Zeus, Hera,

    Poseidon, Hermes, Athena, Apollo,Alpheus,Cronus,Rheaand theCharites.[4][12]

    Herodotusalsomentions thatHeracleswas included as one of the Twelve by some.

    [13]At Kos, Heracles and

    Dionysusare added to the Twelve, and Ares and Hephaestus are not.[14]

    ForPindar,[15]

    the

    Bibliotheca,andHerodorus,Heracles is not one of the Twelve Gods, but the one who established

    their cult.[4]

    Lucian(2nd century AD) includes Heracles andAsclepiusas members of theTwelve, without explaining which two had to give way for them.

    Hebe,Helios,Eros,SeleneandPersephoneare other important gods and goddesses who aresometimes included in a group of twelve. Eros is often depicted alongside the other twelve,

    especially his mother Aphrodite, but not usually counted in their number.

    The Roman poetEnniusgives theRoman equivalents(theDii Consentes)as six male-female

    complements,[9]

    preserving the place ofVesta(Greek Hestia), who played a crucial role inRoman religionas a state goddess maintained by theVestals.

    List of the Olympians[edit]

    The major Olympian gods[edit]

    Greek name Roman name Image Functions and attributes

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_epicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_epicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_epicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Hymnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Hymnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Hymnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon_of_Athens#Annual_archonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon_of_Athens#Annual_archonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon_of_Athens#Annual_archonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Stoll-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Stoll-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Stoll-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)#In_Greek_literature_and_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)#In_Greek_literature_and_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)#In_Greek_literature_and_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pl-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pl-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pl-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaedrus_(dialogue)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaedrus_(dialogue)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaedrus_(dialogue)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Ph246e-f-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Ph246e-f-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Ph246e-f-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Long-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Long-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Long-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorus_of_Heracleahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorus_of_Heracleahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorus_of_Heracleahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pap-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pap-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Herod-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Herod-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Herod-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pap-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pap-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graecahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graecahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graecahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dii_Consenteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dii_Consenteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dii_Consenteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-PapAm-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-PapAm-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-PapAm-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-PapAm-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dii_Consenteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graecahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pap-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Herod-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pap-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pap-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodorus_of_Heracleahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Long-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Ph246e-f-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaedrus_(dialogue)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pl-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Pl-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)#In_Greek_literature_and_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-Stoll-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon_of_Athens#Annual_archonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Hymnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_epicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-5

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    7/13

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    8/13

    ApolloApollo (or

    Phoebus)[A]

    God of light, knowledge, healing, plague and

    darkness, the arts, music, poetry, prophecy,archery, the sun, manly youth, and beauty. Son of

    Zeus and Leto. Symbols include the sun, lyre, bow

    and arrow, raven, dolphin, wolf, swan, and mouse.Twin brother of Artemis.

    Artemis Diana

    Goddess of the hunt, virginity, childbirth, archery,

    the moon, and all animals. Symbols include themoon, deer, hound, she-bear, snake, cypress tree,

    and bow and arrow. Daughter of Zeus and Leto

    and twin sister of Apollo.

    Ares Mars

    God of war, violence, and bloodshed. Symbolsinclude the boar, serpent, dog, vulture, spear, and

    shield. Son of Zeus and Hera, all the other gods(except Aphrodite) despised him. His Latin name,

    Mars, gave us the word "martial."

    Aphrodite Venus

    Goddess of love, beauty, and desire. Symbols

    include the dove, bird, apple, bee, swan,myrtle,

    and rose. Daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid

    Dione, or perhaps born from the sea foam afterUranus'semen dripped into the sea after being

    castrated by his youngest son,Cronus,who thenthrew his father's genitals into the sea. Married to

    Hephaestus, although she had many adulterous

    affairs, most notably with Ares. Her name gave usthe word "aphrodisiac", while her Latin name,

    Venus, gave us the word "venereal".[B]

    Hephaestus Vulcan

    Master blacksmith and craftsman of the gods; god

    of fire and the forge. Symbols include fire, anvil,

    axe, donkey, hammer, tongs, and quail. Son ofHera, either by Zeus or alone. Married to

    Aphrodite, though unlike most divine husbands,he was rarely ever licentious. His Latin name,

    Vulcan, gave us the word "volcano."

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_apoll.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_apoll.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_apoll.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology)http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/martialhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/martialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodisiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodisiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodisiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_gen.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_gen.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_gen.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulcan_Coustou_Louvre_MR1814.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAMA_Aphrodite_Syracuse.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ares_villa_Hadriana.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diane_de_Versailles_Leochares_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Statue_of_Apollo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulcan_Coustou_Louvre_MR1814.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAMA_Aphrodite_Syracuse.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ares_villa_Hadriana.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diane_de_Versailles_Leochares_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Statue_of_Apollo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulcan_Coustou_Louvre_MR1814.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAMA_Aphrodite_Syracuse.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ares_villa_Hadriana.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diane_de_Versailles_Leochares_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Statue_of_Apollo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulcan_Coustou_Louvre_MR1814.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAMA_Aphrodite_Syracuse.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ares_villa_Hadriana.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diane_de_Versailles_Leochares_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Statue_of_Apollo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulcan_Coustou_Louvre_MR1814.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAMA_Aphrodite_Syracuse.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ares_villa_Hadriana.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diane_de_Versailles_Leochares_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Statue_of_Apollo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_gen.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodisiachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/martialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#endnote_apoll.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    9/13

    Hermes

    Mercury

    Messenger of the gods; god of commerce, thieves,

    and games. Symbols include thecaduceus(staffentwined with two snakes), winged sandals and

    cap, stork, and tortoise (whose shell he used toinvent the lyre). Son of Zeus and the nymph Maia.The second-youngest Olympian, just older than

    Dionysus.

    Hestia Vesta

    Goddess of the hearth and of the right ordering of

    domesticity and the family; she was born into thefirst Olympian generation and was one of the

    original twelve Olympians, until she gave her

    throne to Dionysus in order to keep the peace,

    making her the most generous and gentlest of thegods. She is the first child of Cronus and Rhea,

    eldest sister of Hades, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera,

    and Zeus. Also the eldest of the Olympians.

    Dionysus Bacchus

    God of wine, celebrations, and ecstasy. Patron god

    of the art oftheatre.Symbols include the

    grapevine, ivy, cup, tiger, panther, leopard,

    dolphin, goat and pinecone. Son of Zeus and themortal Theban princessSemele.Married to the

    Cretan princessAriadne.The youngest Olympian,

    as well as the only one to have a mortal mother.

    A.Notes

    B.^Romans also associated Phoebus withHeliosand thesunitself,

    [16][17]however, they also

    used the Greek name:Apollo.[18]

    C.

    ^According to an alternate version of her birth, Aphrodite was born ofUranus,Zeus'

    grandfather, afterCronusthrew his castrated genitals into the sea. This supports the

    etymology of her name, "foam-born". As such, Aphrodite would belong to the samegeneration as Cronus, Zeus' father, and would technically be Zeus' aunt. Seethe birth of

    Aphrodite

    Other Olympian gods[edit]

    The following gods and goddess are sometimes included as one of the twelve Olympians.

    Greek Name Roman Names Image Functions and Attributes

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caduceushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caduceushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caduceushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#ref_apoll.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#ref_apoll.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#ref_gen.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#ref_gen.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite#Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite#Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite#Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite#Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dionysos_Louvre_Ma87_n2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hestia_-_Wellesley_College_-_DSC09634.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rude-mercury.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dionysos_Louvre_Ma87_n2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hestia_-_Wellesley_College_-_DSC09634.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rude-mercury.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dionysos_Louvre_Ma87_n2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hestia_-_Wellesley_College_-_DSC09634.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rude-mercury.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite#Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite#Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#ref_gen.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians#ref_apoll.5Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caduceushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    10/13

    Hades

    Pluto

    (sometimes

    Orcusor

    Dis pater)

    God of the Underworld, dead and the riches

    under the Earth ("Pluto" translates to "The RichOne"); he was born into the first Olympian

    generation, the elder brother of Zeus, Poseidon,

    Hera, and Demeter, and younger brother of

    Hestia, but as he lives in the Underworld ratherthan on Mount Olympus, he is typically not

    included amongst the twelve Olympians.

    Heracles Hercules

    A divine hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene,

    foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson

    (and half-brother) of Perseus (). He was

    the greatest of the Greek heroes, a paragon ofmasculinity and a champion of the Olympian

    order against chthonic monsters.

    Persephone Proserpina

    Queen of the Underworld and a daughter ofDemeter and Zeus. Also goddess of spring time.She became the consort of Hades, the god of the

    underworld, when he kidnapped her. Demeter,

    driven to distraction by the disappearance of herdaughter, neglected the earth so that nothing

    would grow. Zeus eventually ordered Hades to

    allow Persephone to leave the underworld and

    rejoin her mother. Hades did this, but becausePersephone had eaten six of the twelve

    pomegranate seeds in the underworld when

    Hades first kidnapped her, she had to spend sixmonths in the underworld each year. This

    created the seasons when for six months

    everything grows and flourishes then for the

    other six months everything wilts and dies.

    Asclepius Vejovis

    The god of medicine and healing. He represents

    the healing aspect of the medical arts; his

    daughters are Hygieia ("Health"), Iaso("Medicine"), Aceso ("Healing"), Agla/gle

    ("Healthy Glow"), and Panacea ("Universal

    Remedy"). He is the son of Apollo andCoronis.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dis_paterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dis_paterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proserpinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proserpinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejovishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejovishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Asklepios_NAMA_263_(DerHexer).JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMI_-_Isis-Persephone.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hercules_Farnese_3637104088_9c95d7fe3c_b.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Asklepios_NAMA_263_(DerHexer).JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMI_-_Isis-Persephone.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hercules_Farnese_3637104088_9c95d7fe3c_b.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Asklepios_NAMA_263_(DerHexer).JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMI_-_Isis-Persephone.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hercules_Farnese_3637104088_9c95d7fe3c_b.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Asklepios_NAMA_263_(DerHexer).JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMI_-_Isis-Persephone.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hercules_Farnese_3637104088_9c95d7fe3c_b.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hades-et-Cerberus-III.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejovishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proserpinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dis_paterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hades

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    11/13

    Eros Cupid

    The god of sexual love and beauty. He was also

    worshipped as a fertility deity, son ofAphroditeandAres.He was depicted often as carrying a

    lyreor bow and arrow. He is often accompaniedby dolphins, roses, and torches.

    Hebe Juventas

    She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera. Hebe was

    the cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of

    Mount Olympus, serving their nectar andambrosia, until she was married to Heracles.

    Pan Faunusor

    Silvanus

    The god of nature, the wild, shepherds and

    flocks, mountains, hunting, the forest, and rusticmusic, as well as the companion of the nymphs.

    The root of the word 'panic' comes from the god

    Pan.

    Minor residents of Mount Olympus[edit]

    Assembly of twenty gods, predominantly the Twelve Olympians, as they receivePsyche(Loggiadi Psiche, 151819, byRaphaeland his school, at theVilla Farnesina)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faunushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faunushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvanus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvanus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphaelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphaelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphaelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Farnesinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Farnesinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Farnesinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PanandDaphnis.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canova-Hebe_30_degree_view.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eros_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_6353.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PanandDaphnis.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canova-Hebe_30_degree_view.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eros_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_6353.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PanandDaphnis.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canova-Hebe_30_degree_view.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eros_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_6353.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PanandDaphnis.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canova-Hebe_30_degree_view.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eros_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_6353.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello,_concilio_degli_dei_02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PanandDaphnis.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canova-Hebe_30_degree_view.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eros_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_6353.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Farnesinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphaelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psychehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Olympians&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvanus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faunushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphroditehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eros

  • 8/12/2019 Hellenistic religion.docx

    12/13

    The following gods, goddesses, anddemigodswere not usually counted as Olympians, although

    they had close ties to them.

    Aeolus- King of the winds, keeper of the Anemoi, master of the seasonal winds.

    Amphitrite- Queen of the Sea, mother of Triton and wife of Poseidon.

    AnemoiThe personifications of the four wind directions (North, South, East and West). Aura- Goddess of cool breezes and fresh air.

    BiaPersonification of force.

    Circe- minor goddess of magic, not to be confused with Hecate.

    Deimos- God of terror, son of Ares and brother of Phobos.

    DioneOceanid; Mother of Aphrodite by Zeus inHomer's version.

    EileithyiaGoddess of childbirth; daughter of Hera and Zeus.

    Enyo- A goddess of warfare, companion of Ares. She was also the sister of Ares in somecases. In those cases, her parents are Zeus and Hera.

    EosPersonification of dawn.

    ErisGoddess of discord and strife.

    GanymedeCupbearer of the gods' palace at Olympus. Graces- Goddesses of beauty and attendants of Aphrodite and Hera.

    Harmonia- Goddess of concord and harmony, opposite of Eris, daughter of Aphrodite. Hecate- Goddess associated with magic, witches and crossroads.

    Helios- Titan; personification of the sun.

    HoraeWardens of Olympus.

    Hypnos- God of sleep, father of Morpheus and son of Nyx.

    IrisPersonification of the Rainbow, also the messenger of Olympus along with Hermes.

    KratosPersonification of power.

    LetoTitaness of the unseen; the mother of Apollo and Artemis.

    Moirai- The 'Fates'.Clotho(the spinner),Lachesis(the allotter) andAtropos(theunturnable).

    Momus- God of satire, mockery, satires, and poets.

    MorpheusGod of dreams.

    MusesNine goddesses of science and arts. Their names are Calliope, Urania, Clio,Polyhymnia, Melpomene, Terpsichore, Thalia, Euterpe, and Erato.

    NemesisGreek goddess of retribution and revenge, daughter of Nyx.

    NikeGoddess of victory.

    Nyx- Goddess of night.

    PaeanPhysician of the gods.

    PerseusSon of Zeus, slayer of Medusa, the legendary founder ofMycenaeand of the

    Perseid dynasty.

    Phobos- God of fear, son of Ares and brother of Deimos.

    SeleneTitaness; personification of the moon.

    Styx- Goddess of the River Styx, the river where gods swear oaths on.

    Thanatos- God of Death, sometimes a personification of Death.

    Theseus- Son of Poseidon, first Hero of Athens and slayer of theMinotaur.

    Triton- Messenger of the Seas, son of Poseidon and Amphitrite. He holds a twistedconch shell.

    Tyche- Goddess of Luck.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demigodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demigodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demigodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitritehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitritehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemoihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemoihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deimos_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deimos_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dione_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dione_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileithyiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileithyiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiraihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atroposhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atroposhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atroposhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheus_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paean_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paean_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseid_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseid_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanatoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanatoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T

6. late classical, hellenistic, late hellenistic, end of ancient greece period

6. late classical, hellenistic, late hellenistic, end of ancient greece period

Differences? Archaic Hellenic Hellenistic. Greek Art & Architecture Hellenic to Hellenistic.

Differences? Archaic Hellenic Hellenistic. Greek Art & Architecture Hellenic to Hellenistic.

ch 5 sec 5 Hellenistic culture - isd2184.net world... · Spread of Hellenistic Culture ... middle class in Hellenistic Age Hellenistic Culture Alexandria, Egypt - (20 cities named

ch 5 sec 5 Hellenistic culture - isd2184.net world... · Spread of Hellenistic Culture ... middle class in Hellenistic Age Hellenistic Culture Alexandria, Egypt - (20 cities named

Hellenistic Sculpture

Hellenistic Sculpture

Hellenistic Influence

Hellenistic Influence

Politics, Philosophy, and Science in the Hellenistic World. The Hellenistic World.

Politics, Philosophy, and Science in the Hellenistic World. The Hellenistic World.

Freedom of religion.docx

Freedom of religion.docx

Hellenistic Urbanization

Hellenistic Urbanization

Hellenistic Astrology

Hellenistic Astrology

The Hellenistic World

The Hellenistic World

hellenistic individualism.pdf

hellenistic individualism.pdf

The Hellenistic West - Cambridge University Pressassets.cambridge.org/97811070/32422/frontmatter/...The Hellenistic West Although the Hellenistic period has become increasingly popular

The Hellenistic West - Cambridge University Pressassets.cambridge.org/97811070/32422/frontmatter/...The Hellenistic West Although the Hellenistic period has become increasingly popular

Hellenistic Mathematics

Hellenistic Mathematics

Hellenistic Nomothesia

Hellenistic Nomothesia

Hellenistic Period

Hellenistic Period

Kabihasnang Hellenistic

Kabihasnang Hellenistic

Hellenistic Culture

Hellenistic Culture

Hellenistic Religio

Hellenistic Religio

Hellenistic Age

Hellenistic Age

Hellenistic to Roman

Hellenistic to Roman