Hellenistic period

21

Transcript of Hellenistic period

Page 1: Hellenistic period
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҉321 BCE-31 BCE

҉Three realms emerged: Antigonid Empire(Greece) Seleucid Empire(Mesopotamia & Persia) Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt, Palestine, Cyrenaica)

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Characters at a glance

• Public buildings • Town planning • Arches & Trusses

Corinthian order was popular

Hellenistic cities oPriene oPergamum oAlexandria oDura Europos oDelos oRhodes

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Important features Theatre

Temple

Villas

Palaces

Libraries

Stadia

Streets

Agora

Stoa

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FEATURES 1)Villas Internal courtyard

Two storeys common 2)Library Library at Pergamum

held up 200,000 volumes

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3)Palaces

Palace of Macedonian Kings:

Superstructure - unburnt

brick

Courtyard with 16 columns

on each side

Rooms on all four sides

South rooms-mosaic floors;

separate vestibule; marble

threshold

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Palace of Alexandria

҉collection of buildings

҉Religious, administrative, reception and garrison

buildings

҉Museum and Library

҉Luxurious Dining pavilion-100 couches

Other royal buildings

҉Less spectacular

҉Modest houses at elevated position in citadel town

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4)Theatres

Theatre

Auditorium for thousands

Orchestra where chorus danced and

sang

Stage building

Separated from

auditorium by a

passage

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Theatre of Dionysus

ORCHESTRA STAGE BUILDING

SEATING

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e)Stadium

The stadium at Epidaurus

was placed in a natural

elongated hollow with stone

seating.

It forms the part of natural

contour.

The people adopted a

method that followed the lay

of the land.

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6)Circuit walls # protected &defined city

# lime-washed mud-brick fortifications

# Facing-stone with varying fills

# Tower, rampart walks, parapets

5)Funerary Architecture rock-cut tombs cut into cliffs

Some had stairway approach

chambers opening off a courtyard

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P R I E N E

CITY

OF

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Major religious

and economic

centre.

Occupies a sloping ground.

Not all the area

within the city walls

was occupied.

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Proper

town

planning

can

be

seen;

GRID

PATTERN.

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From

south to

north, the

STREETS

are almost

narrower.

a skillful

play of solids

and voids and

of private and

public zones

NARROW

WIDER ROAD

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At the centre-AGORA

occupying two blocks of

the grid.

AGORA

Juts out from the

grid.

Does not align

with the side

streets.

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Agora completely

surrounded by STOAS

Built in

DORIC order

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Behind the north

stoa-

ASSEMBLY HALL

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Holds perhaps

640 people

Constructed with limestone.

Stone seats arranged in straight

lines round three sides.

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West- TEMPLE

OF ATHENA

POLIAS,

Greek Goddess of

wisdom, courage &

inspiration

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East-THEATRE

North- SANCTUARY

dedicated to Demeter

A GYMNASIUM at

the lower edge