Helicopter Mission guidebook - emergencies
Transcript of Helicopter Mission guidebook - emergencies
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HELICOPTERMISSION REQUEST
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MISSION REQUESTTypical scenarioRequest a missionIdentifying the areaPrepare the landing areaReceiving the helicopterHelicopter on groundWhat pilots seeThe R.O.M.A. checklist
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Today’s topics
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TYPICAL SCENARIO
TYPICAL SCENARIO
TYPICAL SCENARIOFollowing an event, somebody will trigger the emergency dispatch centreInformation exchanged at this stage is extremely important
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TYPICAL SCENARIO
HELICOPTER INVOLVEMENTIf deemed appropriate, the dispatch centre will request the helicopter intervention
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MISSION REQUEST
R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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MISSION REQUEST
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVESThings seen from the ground and from the air can differ significantlyExample: car accident…
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On-site personnel perspective:«The helicopter can see us from miles.
They can’t miss!»
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Main uphill road
Old secondary downhill road
ThepilotoverfliesthemainroadfromPaternòtoAdrano
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Informationwas notaccurateenough
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Old secondary downhill road
ADRANO
Main uphill road
Pilot perspective
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AREA IDENTIFICATION
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R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
REPORTYOUR POSITION
We arehere!
AREA IDENTIFICATION
IDENTIFY AND REPORT THE PLACE BY:Geographical coordinatesSocial media (Google maps, Whatsapp, etc.)City, townRoad/highway number and distanceRiver, bridge, overpassesPower linesHorizontal, vertical landmarks
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AREA IDENTIFICATION
GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATESIt’s the most precise and easiest way for pilotsAvailable in most smartphones (get acquainted!)KNOW HOW TO READ THEM!
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AREA IDENTIFICATION
GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATESThere could be 3 ways to display the coordinates:
Degrees, minutes, seconds: 37° 37' 47.20" N
Degrees, decimal minutes: 37° 37.787' NDecimal degrees: 37.629778° N
It is important to read each single symbol (° degrees, ‘ minutes, “ seconds) and dots/commas in the exact order
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R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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THESE COORDINATES INDICATE THE SAME PLACE:
Degrees, minutes, seconds:37° 37' 47.20" N14° 49' 54.86" E Degrees, decimal minutes:37° 37.787' N14° 49.914' E Decimal degrees:37.629778° N14.831906° E
R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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40 Km
1 Km
Accident site:37° 37' 47.20" N 14° 49' 54.86" E
THESE COORDINATES HAVE THE SAME FIGURES, BUT INDICATE WRONG PLACES:
Wrong coordinates 1:37° 37.4720’ N 14° 49.5486’ E
Wrong coordinates 2:37.374720° N 14.495486° E
AREA IDENTIFICATION
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Learn the social opportunities…
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Some possible references…
City park
River tributaryBridge
N, E, S, W of the city
Road along the river left side bank
High voltage power line
Village (name)south of city (name), along the left bank
of the river
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Some possible
references…
Three stores red house
Sport’s field
House under construction
N-S power line E-W power line
AREA IDENTIFICATION
NEARBY ALTERNATE LANDING AREASHospital landing site, civilian heliports, military training sites, big flat fields, sport fields, empty car parking areas, etc.Guardian should be contacted for area availabilitySandy, light soil area should be wateredFresh snow should be steppedLights should be switched on well beforeSuitability: entrance width, connecting roads, etc.
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R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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AREA IDENTIFICATION
PILOTS NEED TO KNOW:
VisibilityClouds (height and coverage)Strong windMeteorological phenomena
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R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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Local clouds & visibility can be not so obvious…
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ESTIMATE AND REPORT THE LOCAL VISIBILITY
• Below 1 km• Between 1 and 3 km• Around 5 km• 10 or more km
AREA IDENTIFICATION
ESTIMATE AND REPORT THE HEIGHT OF THE CLOUDS
The clouds are just above the houses, trees, constructionsI can definitely see the clouds moving above my headI can see the clouds below/touching/just above the mountain/hill peaksThe clouds are well above the area/mountains
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R.O.M.A. – METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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I can see clouds just above the light pole…
R.O.M.A. – METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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I can see clouds just below the mountain peaks…
R.O.M.A. – METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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I can see clouds above mountain peaks…
AREA IDENTIFICATION
ESTIMATE AND REPORT THE CLOUD COVERAGE
I cannot see the skyI can barely see the skyThere are several holes where I can see the skyThe sky can be seen quite well
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R.O.M.A. – METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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I cannot see the sky…
R.O.M.A. – METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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I can barely see the sky…
R.O.M.A. – METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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I can see most of the sky…
AREA IDENTIFICATION
REPORT ANY METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA
Rain, shower rain, hail, snow
Tornado, waterspout
Lightning
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R.O.M.A. – METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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Report any meteorological phenomenayou can see in the vicinity
AREA IDENTIFICATION
REPORT IF YOU OBSERVESTRONG OR GUSTING
WIND
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R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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A gust of wind can push the helicopter
away from the landing site
(Treasure Island – Fiji 23 Dec 2015)
AREA IDENTIFICATION
REPORT LANDING SITE CONDITIONS & OBSTACLESPower lines and major obstaclesAny dangerous condition (fires, flammable substances, etc.)
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R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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Power lines can be
invisible!...
…report them!
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PREPARE THE LANDING AREA
AREA PREPARATION
WHEN PREPARING THE SITE, PAY ATTENTION TO ALL POTENTIAL OBSTACLES
A flat, obstacle free, 25 x 25 meters’ open area needed (sometimes 50 x 50 meters)Power linesNo lose objectsProtruding objects < 50 cmPersonsProperties
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R.O.M.A. - OBSTACLES
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PERSONNEL…keep them away: rotor downwash can rise dangerous objects
R.O.M.A. - OBSTACLES
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STOP THE TRAFFICin both directions
Keep vehicles and motorbikes at least100 m away
AREA PREPARATION
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Tents or tarpaulinscan easily fly away
R.O.M.A. - OBSTACLES
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Ward off pets, cattle, wild animals and birds
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RECEIVING THE HELICOPTER
RECEIVING THE HELICOPTER
MAKE YOURSELF VISIBLE
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R.O.M.A. - REQUEST
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Report any fire in the areaSmoke can be seen well far away
20 NM
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Use handhold flares (preferable)
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Projectile pyrotechnics
flares(try to avoid)
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Use the vehicle flashing lights,but, remember…
vehicles under bridges or high vegetation are difficult to see
from the air
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“We are at your 10 o’clock”
If in contact,use the “clock position”
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“LAND HERE…”
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Signal the landing site
RECEIVING THE HELICOPTER
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Lose material can be dangerous for the helicopter and for the nearby persons
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PROTECTYOURSELF
R.O.M.A. - OBSTACLES
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If you are giving indications over a snowed surface…
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…lean down on one kneeand keep still,
protecting your eyes.
You could bethe only visible reference
for the landing pilot.
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WINCH OPERATIONS
• Keep your position
• Do not touch the hook
• Protect yourself
• Hold on a steady structure
• Let winched personnel come to you
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HELICOPTERON GROUND
HELICOPTER ON GROUND
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HELICOPTER ON GROUND
NOTE
Even if familiar…
…do not consider yourself authorizedto approach and work within the helicopter area,
even when the rotor is stopped:
ALWAYS EXPECT AND FOLLOWTHE CREW DIRECTIVES
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HELICOPTER ON GROUND
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HELICOPTER ON GROUND
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TAIL
ROTOR
IS
DANGEROUS
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D A N G E R
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D A N G E R
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D A N G E R
HELICOPTER ON GROUND
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APPROACH AND LEAVE THE AIRCRAFT AT THE LOWEST
POINT OF THE TERRAIN
HELICOPTER ON GROUND
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WHEN LOADING OR UNLOADING THE AIRCRAFT, DO NOT THROW OBJECTS CLOSE TO THE HELICOPTER
LONG OBJECTS, LIKE SKIS OR BACKBOARDS, MUST BE CARRIED HORIZONTALLY
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Persons not involved should be kept away
HELICOPTER ON GROUND
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Smoking is prohibited at any time in
proximity of the helicopter
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WHAT PILOTS SEE
WHAT PILOTS SEE
FOLLOWING ISWHAT A PILOT SEE
ARRIVING IN AN EMERGENCY SITEAND
WHAT HIS CONSIDERATIONS ARE
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POWER LINE: problems for landing and take-off
Accident
TYPICAL CAR ACCIDENT SCENARIOLIGHT POLES: problems for landing and take-off
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POWER LINEMost suitable landing place- front and back doors open free
AMBULANCES: - free wheeled stretchers- free sheets on stretchers
PERSONS NOT INVOLVED: walking free, close to landing siteTRAFFIC SIGN: close to the landing siteTRAFFIC IN OPPOSITE WAY: not stopped
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ALTERNATELANDING
SITES
ALTERNATELANDING
SITES
• Traffic has not been stopped
• Bushes and guardrail hamper the patient transfer
ALTERNATELANDING
SITES
• Slopped surface• Trees and bushes• Obstacles• Traffic
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DID YOU SPOT ALL THESE ELEMENTS?
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THER.O.M.A.
CHECKLIST
R.O.M.A. CHECKLIST
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Dispatch centre and on-site personnel
exchange information
On-site personnel verify and prepare
the landing site
Dispatch centre passes information to pilot
Helicopter flies faster and safer
to the emergency
site R.O.M
.A.
R.O.M
.A.
R. – Request Pass all the important information
O. – ObstaclesVerify and report the potentially dangerous obstacles
M. – MeteorologicalReport the metrological conditions in the area
A. – Area preparationPrepare the area and verify safety
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