Height Safety.ppt

Safe Work At HeightsSafe Work At HeightsAloft or over the side Aloft or over the side

33

Significance of Fall InjuriesSignificance of Fall Injuries

Falls in Australia are the second highest Falls in Australia are the second highest cause of fatalities in the workplacecause of fatalities in the workplaceThey are the highest cause of fatalities They are the highest cause of fatalities and major injuries in the construction and major injuries in the construction industry.industry.

44

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

•Marine orders

•Code of safe Work practice for Australian seafarers

•Australian/New Zealand Standards 4488.1

55

Advisory Standard/Code of Advisory Standard/Code of PracticePractice

Not a statutory documentNot a statutory document

Provides practical advice that can be Provides practical advice that can be applied within a workplaceapplied within a workplace

Deals with risk assessment and Deals with risk assessment and managementmanagement

Provides optionsProvides options

Admissible as evidence in courtAdmissible as evidence in court

66

TERMINOLOGY’STERMINOLOGY’S

Free Fall- Free Fall- Under the unrestrained influence of Under the unrestrained influence of gravity, either vertically or on a slope which it is gravity, either vertically or on a slope which it is not possible to walk without the assistance of a not possible to walk without the assistance of a handrail or hand line handrail or hand line

Restrained FallRestrained Fall - Where a fall is under less - Where a fall is under less than the full influence of gravity, due to the than the full influence of gravity, due to the action of a restraining device such as a pole action of a restraining device such as a pole strap, or sliding down a slope less steep than strap, or sliding down a slope less steep than indicated above for a free fallindicated above for a free fall

77

TERMINOLOGY’STERMINOLOGY’S

Fall Factors- Fall Factors- Fall factor of 1 is where a fall Fall factor of 1 is where a fall can be no greater than the distance of the can be no greater than the distance of the lanyardlanyard

- - Fall factor of 2 is where the distance of fall Fall factor of 2 is where the distance of fall may possibly be twice the distance of the may possibly be twice the distance of the lanyardlanyard

Total Fall Distance- Total Fall Distance- The total distance of fall The total distance of fall including free fall and restrained parts of a fall including free fall and restrained parts of a fall and including the maximum dynamic extension and including the maximum dynamic extension of all supporting componentsof all supporting components

88

Harnesses/BeltsHarnesses/Belts

Fall -arrest harnessFall -arrest harness– Free or restrained fallFree or restrained fall

Confined Space harnessConfined Space harness– For confined spaces & as a fall arrest For confined spaces & as a fall arrest

harness harness

Restraint beltRestraint belt– For restraint onlyFor restraint only

1010

Lessons to learn • Require in the HSE-plan that users of Safety Harnesses are properly trained for how to wear and use a harness. • Test users in their first period on site about their knowledge on use and risks of safety harnesses. And take appropriate actions if needed. When in doubt, do not allow them to continue their use of the harness until instruction misunderstood.• Use your inspections to specifically focus on the use of harnesses. • Demand/provide a toolbox “how to wear, use and inspect Safety harnesses” for the first use by the worker on a project. • Always require 100% tie off. • Think about and discuss rescue possibilities during LMRA/SPA preparation to

1111

LanyardsLanyardsLanyardLanyard--line used as part of a line used as part of a lanyard assembly connected to a fall arrest lanyard assembly connected to a fall arrest harness and an anchor where there is a harness and an anchor where there is a risk of free fall (the working slack length of risk of free fall (the working slack length of a lanyard is not to be more than 2 metersa lanyard is not to be more than 2 meters

Energy Absorber- Energy Absorber- reduces the reduces the deceleration forces imposed by an arrested deceleration forces imposed by an arrested fallfall

Lanyard AssemblyLanyard Assembly- assembly - assembly of lanyard and energy absorber, used as for of lanyard and energy absorber, used as for the lanyard above. (as with the lanyard, the the lanyard above. (as with the lanyard, the working slack length is not to be more than working slack length is not to be more than 2 meters2 meters

Retractable LanyardRetractable Lanyard- - retracting lanyard used as for the lanyard, retracting lanyard used as for the lanyard, though allows greater movement for the though allows greater movement for the operator. Also known as a type 2 fall arrest operator. Also known as a type 2 fall arrest devicedevice

1212

Workplace Health and Safety ActWorkplace Health and Safety Act

For the employer to provide a healthy For the employer to provide a healthy and safe workplace by:and safe workplace by:

identifying hazardsidentifying hazardsassessing risksassessing risks implementing control measuresimplementing control measuresmonitoring and reviewing effectivenessmonitoring and reviewing effectiveness

1414

Height Safety

1515

OH&S Regulations State OH&S Regulations State

> 2-metres> 2-metres

requires workers to be trainedrequires workers to be trained

requires inspection of the system.requires inspection of the system.

1616

Use of laddersUse of ladders

Defines “permitted work” from ladders, which Defines “permitted work” from ladders, which restricts:restricts:

Objects carried which restrict persons Objects carried which restrict persons movementsmovements

Loss of balance while doing workLoss of balance while doing work Persons trunk to be centred between stiles of Persons trunk to be centred between stiles of

ladder.ladder. Equipment used by one hand only.Equipment used by one hand only.

1717

Use of laddersUse of ladders

Have 3 points of contact at all times or,Have 3 points of contact at all times or, Use pole strap, orUse pole strap, or Use fall arrest harness system.Use fall arrest harness system.

– Also requires ladders to be secured top Also requires ladders to be secured top and bottom.and bottom.

1818

When do we need Safety Systems in place

2.0-metres

2.0 meters

2222

AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS (AS/NZS)(AS/NZS)

Set the benchmark for how equipment Set the benchmark for how equipment is designed, manufactured and used.is designed, manufactured and used.

Are not statutory documents however, Are not statutory documents however, they can be used as such if referred to they can be used as such if referred to by the by the Regulations.Regulations.

Can also be used in court to provide Can also be used in court to provide evidence of unsafe equipment and evidence of unsafe equipment and unsafe practices.unsafe practices.

2323

Australian Standards (AS)We are concerned with the following AS:

AS1891.1 Safety Belts and Harnesses

AS1891.2 Static Lines

AS1891.3 Fall Arrests Systems

AS1891.4 Selection use and maintenance

AS4142.3 Static Life Rescue Lines

2424

REQUIREMENTS OF AS1891.1:

The full body fall arrest harness is designed to do the following:

Arrest the fall

Distribute the load to reduce injury

Ensure the wearer is head up

2525

AS 4142.3 requirements are AS 4142.3 requirements are as followsas follows

min. rope strength >3000kgmin. rope strength >3000kg kernmantle designkernmantle design low stretchlow stretch min. diameter 11mmmin. diameter 11mm

2626

Hazard ID and Risk AssessmentHazard ID and Risk Assessment

Identify all hazardsIdentify all hazards

Assess the risk of each hazard based on:Assess the risk of each hazard based on:

– LikelihoodLikelihood

– ConsequenceConsequence

3030

Hierarchy of ControlHierarchy of Control

Elimination-on the groundElimination-on the ground

Substitution- elevated work platformSubstitution- elevated work platform

Engineering-permanent work platformEngineering-permanent work platform

Administrative- exclusion zones & PTWAdministrative- exclusion zones & PTW

Fall arrestFall arrest

3131

Restraint –v- Fall ArrestRestraint –v- Fall Arrest

Travel Restraint System

Fall arrest System

3232

2 metres2 metres

The maximum free fall distance allowed under AS1891.1 is:

3333

Why does it hurt?Why does it hurt?If you weigh 100Kg, and fall 2 meters, the If you weigh 100Kg, and fall 2 meters, the

force is similar to 1.5 tonne.force is similar to 1.5 tonne.

3434

Fall FactorFall Factor

– Fall factor of 1Fall factor of 1 is is where a fall can be no where a fall can be no greater than the greater than the distance of the lanyarddistance of the lanyard

– Fall factor of 2Fall factor of 2 is is where the distance of where the distance of fall may possibly be fall may possibly be twice the distance of twice the distance of the lanyardthe lanyard

3535

Forces in FallsForces in Falls

The maximum allowable force the body is The maximum allowable force the body is to be subjected to under AS 1891.1 is:to be subjected to under AS 1891.1 is:

6kN (600kg)6kN (600kg)

3636

Limiting the ForceLimiting the Force

Don’t fall as far (shorter lanyard)Don’t fall as far (shorter lanyard)

Use a retracting lanyardUse a retracting lanyard

Use Inertia ReelUse Inertia Reel

Use Shock AbsorberUse Shock Absorber

3737

Do’s and Don’tsDo’s and Don’ts

4343

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

AnchorageAnchorage

LanyardLanyard

HarnessHarness

4444

Anchorage Point Anchorage Point = 15kN= 15kN= 1,500kg= 1,500kg

= 1.5 tonne= 1.5 tonne= Family car= Family car

4545

Anchor PointsAnchor Points

FixedFixed

Horizontal life linesHorizontal life lines

Vertical life linesVertical life lines

IF IN DOUBT, STOP AND ASK FOR A IF IN DOUBT, STOP AND ASK FOR A PROPER ASSESSMENTPROPER ASSESSMENT

4646

Safe AnchorsSafe AnchorsAnchorage point - a secure point of attachment to a Anchorage point - a secure point of attachment to a structure to which a fall arrest device or anchorage line structure to which a fall arrest device or anchorage line (horizontal safety line, vertical rope grab device) may be (horizontal safety line, vertical rope grab device) may be attachedattachedStructure Anchor- Use of existing structure for anchorage Structure Anchor- Use of existing structure for anchorage pointpointConstructed Anchor- Designed anchor constructed for the Constructed Anchor- Designed anchor constructed for the specific purpose of being and anchorage pointspecific purpose of being and anchorage pointSelect and locate anchors, so that:Select and locate anchors, so that:– safety lines can be attached prior to being at risk of fallsafety lines can be attached prior to being at risk of fall– anchor point is capable of withstanding 15kN in a anchor point is capable of withstanding 15kN in a

direction that simulates the loading likely to be placed direction that simulates the loading likely to be placed on the anchor in the event of a fallon the anchor in the event of a fall

– the anchor is checked for deteriorationthe anchor is checked for deterioration

4747

Attachment hardwareAttachment hardware::

Must have Double Action HooksMust have Double Action Hooks

Karabiners- must be at least double Karabiners- must be at least double locking locking

This reduces risk of Rollout & depression This reduces risk of Rollout & depression of gateof gate

4848

Horizontal Safety LinesHorizontal Safety Lines

Horizontal Safety Line-Horizontal Safety Line-– Creates an anchor point that Creates an anchor point that

allows for freedom of movementallows for freedom of movement– Can be a permanent fixture or a Can be a permanent fixture or a

temporary life line system temporary life line system (temporary lines generally run a (temporary lines generally run a maximum distance of up to 20 maximum distance of up to 20 meters)meters)

– Anchorage lines can be fibre Anchorage lines can be fibre rope, webbing, steel cable, or rope, webbing, steel cable, or rigid railrigid rail

4949

Vertical Rope Grab SystemsVertical Rope Grab Systems

Vertical Rope Grab Device-Vertical Rope Grab Device-– Used to arrest a fall when Used to arrest a fall when

making vertical ascents making vertical ascents and/or descents using and/or descents using ladders etc.ladders etc.

– Type 1 fall arrester is Type 1 fall arrester is typically used with these typically used with these devicesdevices

– Lanyards used must not be Lanyards used must not be longer than 300mmlonger than 300mm

5050

Type 1,2 & 3 Fall Arrest DevicesType 1,2 & 3 Fall Arrest DevicesType 1 Fall Arrest DeviceType 1 Fall Arrest Device– fall arrest device that travels fall arrest device that travels

along an anchorage line, locks along an anchorage line, locks onto the line and can only be onto the line and can only be loaded in the direction of the lineloaded in the direction of the line

Type 2 Fall Arrest DeviceType 2 Fall Arrest Device– a spring loaded anchorage line a spring loaded anchorage line

pays out and locks when loaded pays out and locks when loaded and releases when load is and releases when load is removed, e.g. inertia reelsremoved, e.g. inertia reels

5151

Type 1,2 & 3 Fall Arrest DevicesType 1,2 & 3 Fall Arrest Devices

Type 3 Fall Arrest DeviceType 3 Fall Arrest Device

– a spring loaded anchorage line a spring loaded anchorage line pays out and locks when pays out and locks when loaded and releases when load loaded and releases when load is removed, and may be wound is removed, and may be wound back up to effect recovery if back up to effect recovery if requiredrequired

5252

Inertia ReelsInertia Reels

Inertia reels should be anchored above the head, with the Inertia reels should be anchored above the head, with the user operating within a 30 degree angle as follows:user operating within a 30 degree angle as follows:

60º

5454

Correct Use of EquipmentCorrect Use of Equipment

Set up fall arrest systems so that a person with a fall Set up fall arrest systems so that a person with a fall arrest harness can not fall more than 2 meters arrest harness can not fall more than 2 meters Don harness and ensure it is correctly adjustedDon harness and ensure it is correctly adjustedType 1 device used on roofs, the user needs the device Type 1 device used on roofs, the user needs the device in front in order to manually operate the mechanism, in front in order to manually operate the mechanism, connection to the “D” ring on side of harness is connection to the “D” ring on side of harness is appropriate for this operation appropriate for this operation Maintain a minimum of slack in the lanyard between the Maintain a minimum of slack in the lanyard between the person and attachment to the anchorage person and attachment to the anchorage Do not connect snap hooks (karabiners) to each other Do not connect snap hooks (karabiners) to each other Do not use lanyards in conjunction with inertia reels Do not use lanyards in conjunction with inertia reels (type 2 & 3 fall arrest systems) Type 1 fall arrest system (type 2 & 3 fall arrest systems) Type 1 fall arrest system maximum length of lanyard is 300mmmaximum length of lanyard is 300mmDo not use inertia reels as working supports Do not use inertia reels as working supports

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Pre & Post Operational ChecksPre & Post Operational ChecksComponant Condition/fault to be checked

Webbing

Cuts or tearsAbrasion damageExcessive stretchingDamage due to heat, corrosives, or solventsDeterioration due to rot, mildew, ultrviolet exposure

Snap hooks

Distortion of hook or latchCracks or forging foldsWear at swivels and latch pinOpen rollersFree movement of the latch over its full travelBroken, weak or misplaced latch springsFree from dirt or other obstructions, eg rust

D-rings

Excessive vertical movement of the straight portion of the D ring at itsattachment point on the belt. Note: This may lead to snap hooksaccidently rolling out of the "D" under loadCracks, especially at the intersection of the straight and curvedportionsDistortion or other physical damage of the "D" ringExcessive loss of cross-section due to wear

Buckles &adjusters

Distortion or other physical damageCracks and forging lapsBent tonguesOpen rollers

SewingBroken, cut or worn threadsDamage or weakeneing of threads due to contact with heat, corrosivessolvents or mildew

RopesCuts,Abrasion, Stretching, Heat, Corrosives, Solvents, Exposure toUV, Mildew etc

ChainsPhysical damageSecurity of attatchment to snap hooks, rings and similar componants

Prior to and on completion of use all equipment is to be inspected

5656

Correctly fitted when:Correctly fitted when:– Dorsal “D” ring between shoulder bladesDorsal “D” ring between shoulder blades– “ “A” pointing upA” pointing up– Shoulder straps firmShoulder straps firm– Chest strap firm mid chestChest strap firm mid chest– Chest loops sit Chest loops sit behind chest strapbehind chest strap– Leg straps firmLeg straps firm– No twistsNo twists

Donning A Harness

5757

Fall Arrest HazardsFall Arrest HazardsPendulum EffectPendulum Effect

5858

Fall ClearancesFall Clearances

1-m Safety

Height of user

Lanyard Length

Shock absorber Extension

5959

FallFall ClearancesClearances

1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard

Extension of shock absorber

6060


1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard


6161


1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard


6262


1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard


6363


1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard


6464


1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard


6565


1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard


6666


1-m Safety

height of user

Length of lanyard


6767


6868


6969


7070


7171


7272


7373


7474


7575

Storage and Care of HarnessesStorage and Care of Harnesses

The following will damage personal fall The following will damage personal fall protection equipment:protection equipment:

Direct sunlight for extended periodDirect sunlight for extended period

Acid and alkalineAcid and alkaline

Heat/flame over 170 degreesHeat/flame over 170 degrees

Damp conditionsDamp conditions

Keep them in a ventilated cabinet or kit bag.Keep them in a ventilated cabinet or kit bag.

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InspectionsInspections

User inspection of all equipment:User inspection of all equipment:– Before and after useBefore and after use

Periodic Inspection of all equipment- log Periodic Inspection of all equipment- log completed.completed.

Fall Arrest Devices- 3 monthsFall Arrest Devices- 3 months

Harness/lanyard- 6 monthsHarness/lanyard- 6 months

Horizontal lifelines and rails- 12 monthsHorizontal lifelines and rails- 12 months

Anchorage- 12 monthsAnchorage- 12 months

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MaintenanceMaintenance

General cleaning is to be with luke warm General cleaning is to be with luke warm soapy watersoapy waterBe weary of stronger cleaning agents, Be weary of stronger cleaning agents, seek advice from the manufacturerseek advice from the manufacturerSelf locking hooks may require occasional Self locking hooks may require occasional lubricating of spring with penetrating oillubricating of spring with penetrating oilEquipment is to be sent back to Equipment is to be sent back to manufacturer for full service requirements manufacturer for full service requirements as per the manufacturer specificationsas per the manufacturer specifications

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What to look forWhat to look for

Webbing- cuts, tears, burns, weld marks, Webbing- cuts, tears, burns, weld marks, chemical contaminationchemical contaminationStitching- loose or damaged stitchesStitching- loose or damaged stitchesMetal components- corrosion, distortion Metal components- corrosion, distortion and cracksand cracksWithdrawal from service dateWithdrawal from service dateAustralian Standards 1891.1 certificationAustralian Standards 1891.1 certificationFall Indicator, if applicableFall Indicator, if applicable

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What will cause you to fall?What will cause you to fall?

Changing surfacesChanging surfaces

Hand grip lostHand grip lost

Surfaces slippery or weather conditionsSurfaces slippery or weather conditions

Obstructions in work areaObstructions in work area

Ladders or fall arrest systems used Ladders or fall arrest systems used incorrectlyincorrectly

Moving surfacesMoving surfaces

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Rescue RequirementsRescue Requirements

Must be capable of effecting rescue within Must be capable of effecting rescue within 20 minutes 20 minutes

Work in pairsWork in pairs

Persons may need training in vertical rope Persons may need training in vertical rope accessaccess

Consider equipment and rescue Consider equipment and rescue procedures required to effect a rescue. procedures required to effect a rescue. This includes appropriate harness’This includes appropriate harness’

Height Safety.ppt

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