Heavy Flavor Physics Experiment
-
Upload
shaeleigh-cross -
Category
Documents
-
view
32 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Heavy Flavor Physics Experiment
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 1
Heavy Flavor PhysicsHeavy Flavor PhysicsExperimentExperiment
David HitlinDPF 2009
July 29, 2009
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 2
Heavy Flavor Physics – past, present, futureHeavy Flavor Physics – past, present, future Flavor physics provides the experimental foundation of much of the avor physics provides the experimental foundation of much of the
Standard ModelStandard Model Heavy flavor physics plays an important role, in that it furnishes many Heavy flavor physics plays an important role, in that it furnishes many
parameters that can beparameters that can be determined experimentally with precisiondetermined experimentally with precision compared with reliable theoretical predictionscompared with reliable theoretical predictions
As such, heavy flavor physics has served to As such, heavy flavor physics has served to establish the Standard Modelestablish the Standard Model::
the particle contentthe particle content the weak couplingsthe weak couplings the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents, ……the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents, ……
and and constrain what lies beyond the Standard Modelconstrain what lies beyond the Standard Model
When new physics is found at the LHCWhen new physics is found at the LHC Flavor physics will provide Flavor physics will provide unique information on the nature of the unique information on the nature of the
new physicsnew physics This talk will highlight selected topics, emphasizing what we know and This talk will highlight selected topics, emphasizing what we know and
what we don’t, and discuss what can be learned in the new generation of what we don’t, and discuss what can be learned in the new generation of flavor physics experimentsflavor physics experiments
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 3
Tests of the Standard Model Flavor SectorTests of the Standard Model Flavor Sector Unitarity triangle tests
These primarily involve measurements in the B system, but require measurements of the mt, Cabibbo angle, K and theoretical inputs – CP-conserving and violating
A closer look reveals some issues and potential inconsistencies
Fitted, i.e., SM-predicted value of sin 2 vs directly measured value using tree decays and loop decays
Direct CP violation in K+- vs K+0 decays B(B→) conflict Bs → ψϕ phase Each of these is a ~2.5Each of these is a ~2.5 issue : ???? issue : ????
There are also further tests and sensitive searches possible Three generation unitarity Does the unitarity triangle close ? Are there extra mixing phases ? Are there extra CP-violating phases ?
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 4
At the start of the “At the start of the “BB Factory era” Factory era”Dib, Dunietz, Gilman and Nir - 1989- 1989
Mass of the top quark required to sharpen UT tests
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 6
CKM Fitter resultsCKM Fitter resultsas of Moriond 2009as of Moriond 2009
Adding in the Adding in the CP CP asymmetryasymmetrymeasurements from measurements from BBAABBARAR and and Belle, Belle,
we now have a set ofwe now have a set ofhighly overconstrained tests,highly overconstrained tests,which which grosso modogrosso modo, are well-, are well-satisfiedsatisfied
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 7
CKM Fitter resultsCKM Fitter resultsas of Moriond 2009as of Moriond 2009
Adding in the Adding in the CP CP asymmetryasymmetrymeasurements from measurements from BBAABBARAR and and Belle, Belle,
we now have a set ofwe now have a set ofhighly overconstrained tests,highly overconstrained tests,which which grosso modogrosso modo, are well-, are well-satisfiedsatisfied
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 8
CKM Fitter resultsCKM Fitter resultsas of Moriond 2009as of Moriond 2009
Adding in the Adding in the CP CP asymmetryasymmetrymeasurements from measurements from BBAABBARAR and and Belle, Belle,
we now have a set ofwe now have a set ofhighly overconstrained tests,highly overconstrained tests,which which grosso modogrosso modo, are well-, are well-satisfiedsatisfied Are we there yet?Are we there yet?
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 9
Can we learn more ?Can we learn more ?
Unitarity triangle tests These primarily involve measurements in the B system (both CP-
conserving and violating), but require measurements of the Cabibbo angle, K and theoretical inputs
1.Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests stand up to detailed scrutiny ?
2.Can the UT tests be improved with better theoretical calculations and/or improved experiments ?
3. Is there any room for new physics ?
There are a few issues Overconstrained tests of three generation unitarity Does the unitarity triangle close ? Are there extra mixing phases ? Are there extra CP-violating phases ?
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 10
Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests stand up to detailed scrutiny ?stand up to detailed scrutiny ?
There is actually some tension, and enough constraints to explore these issues Inclusive and exclusive Vub determinations are not in good agreement
There are also issues with inclusive/exclusive Vcb
The B(B→) conflict The agreement of the fitted, i.e., SM-predicted value of sin 2 vs the
directly measured value using tree decays and loop decays is not perfect The Bs → ψϕ phase The K problem
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 11
VVubub inclusive inclusive vsvs exclusive exclusive
Exclusive Inclusive
• Inclusive B Xul•Separate ul from cl using detailed kinematics• Use theory to predict signal spectrum
• Exclusive, mainly Bl• Signal/background improved• Use theory to predict form factor
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 12
VVcbcb inclusive inclusive vsvs exclusive exclusive
There is also a 2.5s discrepancy between |Vcb| inclusive andexclusive (D*ln) determinations
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 14
Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests stand up to detailed scrutiny ?stand up to detailed scrutiny ?
There is actually some tension, and enough constraints to explore these issues Inclusive and exclusive Vub determinations are not in good agreement
There are also issues with inclusive/exclusive Vcb
The B(B→) conflict The agreement of the fitted, i.e., SM-predicted value of sin 2 vs the
directly measured value using tree decays and loop decays is not perfect The Bs → ψϕ phase The K problem
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 15
Effectively a measurement of fB
Determines same constraint
TheThe BB((BB→→)) conflictconflict
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 16
TheThe BB((BB→→)) conflictconflict
Also constrains Higgs doublet models
G. Eigen
Effectively a measurement of fB
Determines same constraint
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 18
Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests stand up to detailed scrutiny ?stand up to detailed scrutiny ?
There is actually some tension, and enough constraints to explore these issues Inclusive and exclusive Vub determinations are not in good agreement
There are also issues with inclusive/exclusive Vcb
The B(B→) conflict The agreement of the fitted, i.e., SM-predicted value of sin 2 vs the
directly measured value using tree decays and loop decays is not perfect The Bs → ψϕ phase The K problem
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 19
Lunghi and Soni analysisLunghi and Soni analysis
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 20
CPCPVV Probes of New Physics Probes of New Physics In the Standard Model we expect the same value for “sin2
” in modes, but different SUSY models can produce different asymmetries
Since the penguin modes have branching fractions one or two orders of magnitude less than tree modes, a great deal of luminosity is required to make these measurements to meaningful precision0 0/ SB J K
, , ,b ccs b ccd b sss b dds
* *2
* *( 1) itb td cb cs
treetb td cb cs
V V V Vq Ae
p A V V V V
* *2
* *( 1) itb td tb ts
penguintb td tb ts
V V V Vq Ae
p A V V V V
0 0SB K
~
b u,c,t s b u,c,t s b u,c,t s b d,s,b s
W - H - - g, 0
~~ ~~ ~~
SUSY SUSY(2 ) sin(2 )Ki A
e SA
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 21
Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests stand up to detailed scrutiny ?stand up to detailed scrutiny ?
There is actually some tension, and enough constraints to explore these issues Inclusive and exclusive Vub determinations are not in good agreement
There are also issues with inclusive/exclusive Vcb
The B(B→) conflict The agreement of the fitted, i.e., SM-predicted value of sin 2 vs the
directly measured value using tree decays and loop decays is not perfect The Bs → ψϕ phase The K problem
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 22
New physics in New physics in BBdd, B, Bss mixing ??mixing ??
There is still room for sizeable contributions from New Physics
Model-independent parametrization for New Physics in ΔF=2 transitions
The preferred (SM+NP) ΔΔNPNP value is value is currentlycurrently~ 2~ 2σσ from SM for both B from SM for both Bdd and B and Bss systems systems
2 22 Re( ) i m( ) 1q
q qi iNP iq q q q q qI e r e h e
0 0 0 012 12| | | |SM NP NP SM
q q q q qB M B B M B
To clarify:1. Tevatron update2. LHCb sin2s
measurement
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 23
Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests stand up to detailed scrutiny ?stand up to detailed scrutiny ?
There is actually some tension, and enough constraints to explore these issues Inclusive and exclusive Vub determinations are not in good agreement
There are also issues with inclusive/exclusive Vcb
The B(B→) conflict The agreement of the fitted, i.e., SM-predicted value of sin 2 vs the
directly measured value using tree decays and loop decays is not perfect The Bs → ψϕ phase The K problem
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 24
The The KK problem problem The four B→K decays provide four branching fraction measurements, four direct CP
asymmetries and one mixing-induced CP asymmetry (B0→K0 0) The decay amplitudes are related by isospin
The amplitudes can be written in terms of tree and penguin Standard Model amplitudes
A SM sum rule (Gronau-Rosner) relates the asymmetries
Consistent with the SM at the 20% level New Physics:
NP in PNPeip A(K0) = -0.15 NP in PC
EW,NPeiEW A(K0) = -0.03
G. Eigen0( ) ( )CPA A K A K
0 0 0 0 0 0( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) 0A B K A B K A B K A B K
0 0 0 00 0 0 0
0 0
( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
K K KA K A K A K A K
K K K
B B BB B B
, ,
, ,,
1 2
3 3
C Cu dP
C C CEW u d
i ii C u C dNP
i i i CC C u C dEW NP
P e A e A e
P e A e A e
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 25
Is this the Standard Model?Is this the Standard Model?
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 26
Is this the Standard Model?Is this the Standard Model? Is there afourth generation?
Is there acharged lepton flavor or CP violation?
Is there aZ’ ?
Is there CP violation in mixing?0 0D D
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 27
Is there a fourth quark generation ?Is there a fourth quark generation ? A fourth generation CKM-like mixing matrix has
2 additional quark masses 3 additional mixing angles 2 additional CP-violating phases
A recent analysis by Bobrowski, Lenz, Reidl and Rohrwild shows that large regions of the new parameter spaces are still allowed
SuperB will be the primary tool to close down, or, perhaps find, non-zero values of these fourth generation parameters
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 28
Is there a fourth quark generation ?Is there a fourth quark generation ? A fourth generation CKM-like mixing matrix has
2 additional quark masses 3 additional mixing angles 2 additional CP-violating phases
A recent analysis by Bobrowski, Lenz, Reidl and Rohrwild shows that large regions of the new parameter spaces are still allowed
SuperB will be the primary tool to close down, or, perhaps find, non-zero values of these fourth generation parameters
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 29
Is there a fourth quark generation ?Is there a fourth quark generation ? A fourth generation CKM-like mixing matrix has
2 additional quark masses 3 additional mixing angles 2 additional CP-violating phases
A recent analysis by Bobrowski, Lenz, Reidl and Rohrwild shows that large regions of the new parameter spaces are still allowed
SuperB will be the primary tool to close down, or, perhaps find, non-zero values of these fourth generation parameters
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 30
Is there a fourth quark generation ?Is there a fourth quark generation ? A fourth generation CKM-like mixing matrix has
2 additional quark masses 3 additional mixing angles 2 additional CP-violating phases
A recent analysis by Bobrowski, Lenz, Reidl and Rohrwild shows that large regions of the new parameter spaces are still allowed
SuperB will be the primary tool to close down, or, perhaps find, non-zero values of these fourth generation parameters
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 31
Tests of the Standard Model Flavor SectorTests of the Standard Model Flavor Sector
Unitarity triangle tests These primarily involve measurements in the B system, but require
measurements of the Cabibbo angle, K and theoretical inputs Overconstrained tests of three generation unitarity Does the unitarity triangle close ? Are there extra mixing phases ? Are there extra CP-violating phases ?
Rare B decays
Rare and polarized decays Charged lepton flavor violation CP or T violation in production and decay
mixing and CP violation
B s
B s B
B
0 0D D
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 32
mixing is now well-establishedmixing is now well-establishedD0 K decay time analysis BABAR: PRL 98 211802 (2007) 3.9
D0 K K vs K lifetime difference analysis Belle: PRL 98 211803 (2007) 3.2
D0 Ks time dependent amplitude analysis Belle: PRL 99 131803 (2007) 2.2
D0 K decay time analysis CDF: PRL 100, 121802 (2008) 3.8D0 K K vs K lifetime difference analysis BABAR: PRD 78, 011105 R (2008) 3.0
D0 K 0 time dependent amplitude analysis BABAR: arXiv:0807, 4544 (2008) 3.1
D0 K relative strong phase using quantum-correlated measurements in e+e-
CLEO-c: PRD 78, 012001, (2008)
D0 K-+ and K+K- lifetime ratios BABAR: EPS 4.1
Significance of all mixing results (HFAG Preliminary– EPS2009): 10.2
0 0D D
0 0D D
This raises the exciting possibility of searching for This raises the exciting possibility of searching for CP CP violationviolation
SuperB @ 75 ab-1
++
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 33
Kinematic distributions in Kinematic distributions in
0
0.5
0.5
1
0
1
FL
A
FB
SMC7= – C7
SM
(*)B K (*)B K + -® l l
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 34
Much more data is required for a definitive resultMuch more data is required for a definitive result
Can be pursued with exclusive or inclusive reconstruction
A measure of the relative merits is the precision in determination of the zero
(*)B K sB x
Exclusive Inclusive
Theory error: ~5%Theory error: ~5% Huber, Hurth, LunghiHuber, Hurth, Lunghi arxiv:0712.3009arxiv:0712.3009
Experimental error (SuperExperimental error (SuperBB): 4-6%): 4-6%
Theory error: 9% + Theory error: 9% + OO((//mmbb) uncertainty) uncertainty
Egede, Hurth, Matias, Ramon, ReeceEgede, Hurth, Matias, Ramon, Reece arxiv:0807.2589arxiv:0807.2589
Experimental error (SHLC): 2.1%Experimental error (SHLC): 2.1%
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 35
Lepton Flavor Violation in Lepton Flavor Violation in decays decaysSuperSuperBB sensitivity directly confronts many sensitivity directly confronts many New Physics modelsNew Physics models
BABAR
SuperBsensitivityFor 75 ab-1
We expect to see LFV events, not just improve limits
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 36
Lepton Flavor Violation in Lepton Flavor Violation in decays decaysSuperSuperBB sensitivity directly confronts many sensitivity directly confronts many New Physics modelsNew Physics models
BABAR
SuperBsensitivityFor 75 ab-1
We expect to see LFV events, not just improve limits
Antusch, Arganda, Herrero, Teixeira, 2006
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 37
t -¬
t -¬
t -¬ t -
¬
Flipping the helicity of the polarizedelectron beam allows us todetermine the chiral structureof dimension 6 four fermionlepton flavor-violating interactions
t -¬ t -
¬
PolarizedPolarized ’’s can probe the chiral structure of LFVs can probe the chiral structure of LFV
Dassinger, Feldmann, Mannel, and TurczykJHEP 0710:039,2007;
[See also Matsuzaki and SandaarXiv:0711.0792 [hep-ph]
t -¬t -¬
t -¬
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 38
t -¬
t -¬
t -¬ t -
¬
Flipping the helicity of the polarizedelectron beam allows us todetermine the chiral structureof dimension 6 four fermionlepton flavor-violating interactions
t -¬ t -
¬
PolarizedPolarized ’’s can probe the chiral structure of LFVs can probe the chiral structure of LFV
Dassinger, Feldmann, Mannel, and TurczykJHEP 0710:039,2007;
[See also Matsuzaki and SandaarXiv:0711.0792 [hep-ph]
t -¬t -¬
t -¬
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 40
Many other flavor-related experimental Many other flavor-related experimental resultsresults
Bs studies in e+e- at Belle New b baryons at the Tevatron New states in the 4 GeV region
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 41
Belle Belle (5S) results(5S) results
R. Louvot – EPS 2009
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 42
Observation of the doubly strangeObservation of the doubly strange b b baryonbaryonb
CDF
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 43
New charmonium states above thresholdNew charmonium states above threshold
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 44
More than a dozen new charmonium-like states have been reported
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 45
Looking forwardLooking forward Much remains to be done in flavor experiments - at both
hadron and e+e- machines Clarify UT anomalies – is there evidence of new physics ? Access very rare b, c and decays that can through branching
fractions, CP asymmetries and kinematic distributions, provide information on new physics uncovered at the LHC
Search for charged lepton flavor violation and perhaps study details of the coupling
Experiments the LHC and the new Super B Factories will havethe sensitivity to establish or refute the current anomalies seen in heavy flavor experiments and provide constraints and guidance on physics beyond the Standard Model
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 47
SuperB One Pager SuperB is an e+e- Super Flavor Factory
very high initial luminosity, 10, 1036 36 cmcm-2-2ss-1 -1 by 2015/2016 upgradeable to 4x10upgradeable to 4x103636 in a straightforward manner
It is an asymmetric collider : 4 on 7 GeV The low energy beam can be linearly polarized to ~85% be linearly polarized to ~85% , using the SLC laser gun
Polarization is particularly important for exploring new physics in decays The primary ECM will be the (4S), but SuperB can run elsewhere in the region, and
in the charm & tau threshold regions as well, with a luminosity above 1035
One month at the (3770), for example, yields 10x the total data sample that will be produced by BEPCII
SuperB will be built on the campus of the Rome II University at Tor Vergata An alternate site at LNF is also being explored Most of the ring magnets can re reused from PEP-II, as can the RF systems, many
vacuum components, linac and injection components – as well as BABAR as the basis for an upgraded detector
SuperB is included in the roadmap of the CERN Strategy Group INFN is working for approval of SuperB with the Italian government and other European
and EU agencies Tunneling, funded by Regione Lazio, will commence soon after approval
David Hitlin Heavy Flavor Physics DPF July 29, 2009 48
SuperSuperBB crabbed waist beam distribution at the IP crabbed waist beam distribution at the IP4 GeV on 7 GeV4 GeV on 7 GeV
Crab sextupoles
OFF
Crab sextupoles
ON
waist is orthogonal to the bunch axis
waist moves to the axis of other beam
With crabbed waist, all particles from both beams collide in theminimum y region, producing a net gain in luminosity
and a broad tune plane
E. Paoloni
2m
40m10mm
Noteanamorphicscales