HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS

Fuel Types:

1. Sun

2. Natural gas

3. Electricity

4. High pressure city steam

HEATING SYSTEMS

1. SunBegin design with an assortment of solar heating possibilities

HEATING SYSTEMS

2. Natural Gas• Second most common fuel for heating

HEATING SYSTEMS

3. Electricity• Lowest installation cost• More expensive than gas

HEATING SYSTEMS

4. High Pressure City Steam• By-product – exhaust steam generates electricity

HEATING SYSTEMS

Gas – Fired Heaters• Semi outdoor locations only• Can be used inside for warehouses etc if vented

HEATING SYSTEMS

Warm Air Heating• First appeared in 1900• Oil, gas or electric• Forced air – provisions for adding an outdoor compressor and condensing

unit for cooling

HEATING SYSTEMS

Warm Air Heating• System burns gas, oil or heats electrical coils inside a

closed chamber – heat exchanger – inside furnace

• Large blower inside the furnace compartment forces cool air across the hot outer surface of the heat exchanger – heating the air

• Fans move the heated air through a system of supply ducts located inside the walls and between floors and ceilings

HEATING SYSTEMS

Warm Air Heating• Supply registers – equipped with dampers – inside

the ducts balance and adjust system by controlling airflow

• Damper vanes disperse air, controlling direction and velocity

HEATING SYSTEMS

Warm Air Heating• Separate system of exhaust ducts draws cool air back

through the return grills to be reheated and re-circulated

• Return grills are generally located near the floor, on walls or the ceiling

HEATING SYSTEMS

• Mechanical cooling systems originally a separate unit to be used in conjunction with heating equipment

• Currently integrated into HVAC systems

COOLING SYSTEMS

• Cooling accounts for 20% of energy use in the U.S.

• 40% in the southern states

COOLING SYSTEMS

Air Conditioning• The treatment of air so that it’s temperature, humidity, cleanliness, quality

and motion are maintained as appropriate for the building’s occupants, a particular process or some object in the space

COOLING SYSTEMS

Design Strategies for Cooling:• Relationship with the building form and day lighting decisions• Number and location of openings• Utilization of natural ventilation

COOLING SYSTEMS

Process of Air Conditioning:• Fan sucks warm air indoors across a series of coils

containing refrigerants and blows it back into the room

• Refrigerant absorbs heat in the evaporator and then exhausts it outside through a system of fans and coils in the condenser

• When indoor air is cooled – also dehumidified

COOLING SYSTEMS

Process of Air Conditioning

COOLING SYSTEMS

Fans• Used in small buildings• Person perceives a decrease of 1 degree Fahrenheit for every 15 feet per

minute increase in the speed of air past the body

COOLING SYSTEMS