Heat Shield Design Project

Non-Ablating Heat Shield Design Team1 October 2009

Design Supervisor: Devin Tegelberg

Materials Manager: Corey Ndifon

Spokesperson: Andrew Hollands

Aviation High School 615 S 200th St Des Moines

Phone (206) 716-0006

Abstract

Devin Tegelberg- Design Supervisor. Devin was in charge of keeping the group on task and to help with the design and building.

Corey Ndifon- Materials Manager. Corey was in charge of materials and made sure our design was precise in measurement and in neatness.

Andrew Hollands- As a spokesperson, Andrew agreed with our designs and he took pictures of all of the designs and testing.

The reason that people should care about this project is that we are searching for solutions that do not only protect a chocolate bunny from extreme heat, but learning future ideas for heat shields in future missions to the moon and soon to different planets and reentry. Our challenge was to come up with a design that will protect a chocolate bunny from intense heat. We also had to consider the best area, mass and specific heat capacity. Our first design was an aluminum can with four tiles on the bottom with fiberglass insulation. For our second design, we cut the can in half and added sawdust. For our third design we used one tile instead of the usual four and we put a thin layer of aluminum foil between the tile and the can. Our results were great: the ‘astronaut’ survived, so we tried to develop our figure of merit to make it better. Our first Figure of Merit was 0.03452 and our last one was 0.013. our temperature changes were the first one with 4.2 degrees of temperature change and the last one with 4.65 degrees of temperature change. Our good records mean that if we upgrade to better parts of our design to withstand real reentry heat, we might be able to leave the atmosphere and come back successfully.

Rationale:

Our HS1 design was the best design we could think of because, according to our figure of merit, all the factors were exceeding in quality. The area of our shield is really not that space consuming. The weight of our shield is a pretty typical weight according to all of the other designs in the class. Our design is pretty simple and cheap. The construction of our design consists of a soda can, tiles, fiberglass insulation, and caulk. Our insulating design is perfect for low temperature change using fiberglass. Our figure of merit explains all this. Because of all the fiberglass, we hope that this won’t fail and our astronaut won’t perish as well.

Budget as of 8 October 2009: $1,752,000

FoM=95/2*4.2C*187g*$1,752,000

FoM: 0.03452

Before:

After:

Lessons Learned:

In the designing we found out that tiles cost a lot of money. In the building, we found that it was easy to assemble. In the testing, we found out that our design was a good one and protected the chocolate. In the whole process we learned that we could make a good design that withstood the heat of the gun.

Rational:

The only thing we changed was the mass. We cut the can in half and used less fiberglass. We also added a centimeter of sawdust below the fiberglass to help insulate and compensate for the loss of fiberglass. The construction of the design includes caulk as well. We hope to achieve a better FoM with these changes while still protecting the “astronaut” from perishing. We think making the design smaller with sawdust will not increase the temperature as much as our first design. If this works, we should be in good hands.

Vermiculite $385,000

Can $1,000

Caulk $15,000

Tiles $12,000

Testing Apparatus $150,000

Hershey Kiss $50,000

Budget as of 15 October 2009:

$200,250

FoM= 90.25/3*4.25*172*7.9=.0052093254

FoM=.0052093254

Lessons Learned:

In the design we learned to use less can to have a smaller cost. In the building, we learned that the can is hard to cut. Ion the testing we learned that the tiles could break with enough force from the meteor.

In the whole process, we learned that less can doesn’t really help our FoM.

Rationale:

Last round, we had less cost but our tile cracked and our change in temperature increased. The construction of our new design has a layer of foil on the bottom of the heat shield. We also have one tile under the can instead of four. These changes increased area and decreased cost. This design is better than other designs because it uses minimum cost and complexity at maximum heat resistance.

Budget as of 11/2/09:

$1,593,062.50

Foil $39,062.5Can $1,000Tile $3,00

Vermiculite $385,000Caulk $15,000

Testing Apparatus $150,000Astronaut 1,000,000

Budget as of 11/2/09:$1,593,062.50

FoM= 157/55*15.930625*4.65*3FoM= .0128448767

FoM=0.013

Lessons Learned:

In the design we learned to increase area for a better FoM. In the building, we learned that foil is cheap. In the testing we learned that foil is a bad heat reflector compared with other materials. In the whole

process, we learned that increasing area helps your FoM a lot.

Summary of Data

Our first design was a can on four tiles filled with fiberglass insulation.

Our second design had a smaller can, less fiberglass, and sawdust.

Our third design had a can on a tile on foil with fiberglass inside.

Conclusion and Evaluation:

Testing to find out the different specific heat capacities of the materials available would help in the choosing of a suitable insulation and materials for the shield. Our next heat shield could use a smaller can and less fiberglass insulation. The tests give good data for temperature change, heat protection, and overview of how the shield protects. The meteorite test is not as good as it could be in modeling a meteor. The materials available are limited and more should be offered. There are many other tests that could be done to help decide the best heat shield.

Appendix:

Test 1

0 28.0255454854 27.9556847435

1 28.0952256696 27.9092431135

2 28.0487711111 27.8860238501

3 27.9790974845 27.9092431135

4 28.0719978354 27.9556847435

5 27.9790974845 27.9324634075

6 28.0255454854 27.9556847435

7 27.9556847435 27.8860238501

8 28.0255454854 27.769942596

9 28.0255454854 27.862805606

10 27.9324634075 27.8860238501

11 27.9556847435 27.862805606

12 27.9556847435 27.8860238501

13 28.0023209469 27.8860238501

14 28.0023209469 27.9324634075

15 28.0487711111 27.9790974845

16 27.9790974845 27.7931568762

17 28.0023209469 27.8860238501

18 27.9324634075 27.9092431135

19 27.9790974845 27.8163721303

20 27.862805606 27.9092431135

21 27.862805606 27.862805606

22 27.9324634075 27.862805606

23 27.9790974845 27.769942596

24 27.862805606 27.769942596

25 27.9092431135 27.769942596

26 27.862805606 27.8395883698

27 27.9790974845 27.8860238501

28 27.8395883698 27.7467292786

29 27.862805606 27.862805606

30 27.8163721303 27.769942596

31 27.9556847435 27.8163721303

32 27.862805606 27.7467292786

33 27.769942596 27.8163721303

34 27.9324634075 27.8163721303

35 27.9556847435 27.769942596

36 27.8395883698 27.6536951709

37 27.8163721303 27.7467292786

38 27.8163721303 27.7233266511

39 27.9092431135 27.7931568762

40 27.9092431135 27.862805606

41 27.862805606 27.7233266511

42 27.8395883698 27.7001152328

43 27.8860238501 27.7931568762

44 27.8163721303 27.769942596

45 27.9092431135 27.8163721303

46 27.862805606 27.8163721303

47 27.7931568762 27.7233266511

48 27.8163721303 27.7001152328

49 27.9324634075 27.7931568762

50 27.8395883698 27.6536951709

51 27.8860238501 27.7001152328

52 27.862805606 27.7467292786

53 27.9092431135 27.6536951709

54 27.8860238501 27.8163721303

55 27.862805606 27.7467292786

56 27.769942596 27.6769047432

57 27.7931568762 27.862805606

58 27.8163721303 27.6769047432

59 27.8860238501 27.7931568762

60 27.7931568762 27.7931568762

61 27.862805606 27.7467292786

62 27.8163721303 27.769942596

63 27.7931568762 27.7467292786

64 27.9092431135 27.769942596

65 27.7931568762 27.769942596

66 27.862805606 27.7001152328

67 27.7931568762 27.8163721303

68 27.862805606 27.7931568762

69 27.8395883698 27.6769047432

70 27.9092431135 27.769942596

71 27.9092431135 27.769942596

72 27.9556847435 27.7467292786

73 27.862805606 27.7001152328

74 27.9556847435 27.7931568762

75 27.9092431135 27.6536951709

76 27.9324634075 27.769942596

77 27.8163721303 27.6769047432

78 27.8860238501 27.7233266511

79 27.8163721303 27.7467292786

80 27.9324634075 27.8395883698

81 27.9324634075 27.7467292786

82 27.8395883698 27.7931568762

83 27.9556847435 27.8163721303

84 28.0487711111 27.7931568762

85 27.9092431135 27.7467292786

86 27.9324634075 27.8395883698

87 27.9790974845 27.7931568762

88 27.9556847435 27.862805606

89 28.0023209469 27.8163721303

90 27.9790974845 27.7931568762

91 28.0719978354 27.8860238501

92 27.9324634075 27.8395883698

93 28.1184546251 27.8395883698

94 28.0952256696 27.8860238501

95 28.1184546251 27.8163721303

96 28.0255454854 27.8163721303

97 28.0719978354 27.8860238501

98 28.0719978354 27.7931568762

99 28.0952256696 27.862805606

100 28.0952256696 28.0023209469

101 28.1184546251 27.9556847435

102 28.0952256696 27.9556847435

103 28.164915945 27.9790974845

104 28.1881483321 27.9092431135

105 28.1416847131 27.862805606

106 28.2580430009 28.0023209469

107 28.2115723295 27.9790974845

108 28.1416847131 27.862805606

109 28.1184546251 27.9790974845

110 28.2115723295 27.9324634075

111 28.2115723295 28.0255454854

112 28.2580430009 28.0255454854

113 28.2115723295 27.9556847435

114 28.164915945 27.9092431135

115 28.2812801318 27.8860238501

116 28.3277580407 28.0255454854

117 28.2580430009 28.0255454854

118 28.3509988412 28.0952256696

119 28.3277580407 28.0255454854

120 28.3277580407 28.0719978354

121 28.3277580407 28.2115723295

122 28.3742408877 28.1184546251

123 28.4674123142 28.0487711111

124 28.4441651605 28.1416847131

125 28.4207287634 28.1184546251

126 28.4441651605 28.1184546251

127 28.3742408877 28.2348070706

128 28.4441651605 28.2812801318

129 28.4207287634 28.164915945

130 28.5139105409 28.2348070706

131 28.4674123142 28.1881483321

132 28.4674123142 28.2348070706

133 28.5139105409 28.3045184746

134 28.5371616365 28.2348070706

135 28.630179498 28.1881483321

136 28.5836678487 28.3742408877

137 28.6534373899 28.3277580407

138 28.6534373899 28.2812801318

139 28.5371616365 28.2812801318

140 28.6534373899 28.3045184746

141 28.5836678487 28.4441651605

142 28.700148032 28.4207287634

143 28.6534373899 28.4207287634

144 28.630179498 28.4906607706

145 28.6534373899 28.4906607706

146 28.6069229881 28.4674123142

147 28.700148032 28.4906607706

148 28.630179498 28.4674123142

149 28.8164730062 28.4674123142

150 28.7466736941 28.5139105409

151 28.7699386776 28.5836678487

152 28.839742374 28.4906607706

153 28.839742374 28.630179498

154 28.839742374 28.6069229881

155 28.8862855732 28.6534373899

156 28.8630132258 28.630179498

157 28.7932051112 28.5139105409

158 28.909750203 28.700148032

159 28.839742374 28.7466736941

160 28.8630132258 28.700148032

161 28.8630132258 28.7234101494

162 28.8630132258 28.7699386776

163 28.9795809578 28.6768873307

164 28.839742374 28.700148032

165 28.8164730062 28.700148032

166 28.9795809578 28.8164730062

167 29.0494256838 28.7932051112

168 29.0959967476 28.8862855732

169 29.0261425371 28.839742374

170 29.0727104168 28.8630132258

171 29.0959967476 28.839742374

172 28.9795809578 28.909750203

173 29.0494256838 28.8630132258

174 29.0959967476 28.8862855732

175 29.0494256838 29.0028609656

176 29.0727104168 29.0028609656

177 29.0959967476 28.9795809578

178 29.2592377299 28.9795809578

179 29.1660563588 28.9795809578

180 29.2126437121 29.0028609656

Test 2

0 23.4065467209 23.6390259428

1 23.4065467209 23.6854702985

2 23.4065467209 23.7319104094

3 23.4530137447 23.7319104094

4 23.4530137447 23.7783463702

5 23.4994760481 23.7551289027

6 23.4530137447 23.7319104094

7 23.4762454805 23.8017531186

8 23.4530137447 23.7551289027

9 23.4530137447 23.824968562

10 23.5459337264 23.8713964903

11 23.5227054594 23.8946089987

12 23.5459337264 23.8481830153

13 23.5459337264 23.8946089987

14 23.5459337264 23.8481830153

15 23.4994760481 23.9410311631

16 23.5459337264 23.9410311631

17 23.5691608609 23.9410311631

18 23.5691608609 23.9410311631

19 23.6158021434 23.9642408426

20 23.6158021434 23.9642408426

21 23.5691608609 23.9410311631

22 23.5925772473 23.9874496028

23 23.6854702985 23.9874496028

24 23.6622486572 24.0804658877

25 23.6854702985 24.1268737041

26 23.7319104094 24.1036702202

27 23.7551289027 24.1036702202

28 23.824968562 24.1500763509

29 23.8017531186 24.1268737041

30 23.824968562 24.1964791803

31 23.8481830153 24.1964791803

32 23.8946089987 24.2428788024

33 23.8946089987 24.2196793865

34 23.9642408426 24.1964791803

35 23.9874496028 24.2894654542

36 23.9642408426 24.2662675896

37 24.0106574553 24.3358589304

38 24.0804658877 24.3358589304

39 24.1500763509 24.3358589304

40 24.1732781724 24.3822494804

41 24.1500763509 24.4054436873

42 24.2196793865 24.4286371978

43 24.2196793865 24.4518300234

44 24.2662675896 24.4750221758

45 24.2894654542 24.4982136668

46 24.3358589304 24.5447847919

47 24.3590545653 24.5447847919

48 24.4054436873 24.5679743631

49 24.3822494804 24.5911633196

50 24.4982136668 24.6143516729

51 24.5447847919 24.6143516729

52 24.4982136668 24.6607266164

53 24.5447847919 24.6607266164

54 24.5679743631 24.6839132299

55 24.6143516729 24.6607266164

56 24.6839132299 24.7536598154

57 24.6375394346 24.7768442676

58 24.7304748414 24.7536598154

59 24.7536598154 24.8000282096

60 24.7304748414 24.823211653

61 24.7768442676 24.8927591078

62 24.823211653 24.8695770905

63 24.8463946095 24.8927591078

64 24.8695770905 24.9159406727

65 24.8927591078 24.9391217971

66 24.8927591078 24.9623024923

67 24.8927591078 25.032032113

68 24.9623024923 25.032032113

69 24.9856727705 25.0088526389

70 24.9856727705 25.0783899244

71 25.0552112043 25.1015682848

72 25.1015682848 25.1015682848

73 25.1247462971 25.1711013233

74 25.1711013233 25.1247462971

75 25.1944683348 25.1711013233

76 25.2871735686 25.1944683348

77 25.2176450673 25.2176450673

78 25.2639976728 25.2871735686

79 25.3798747085 25.3103492086

80 25.4495882724 25.3103492086

81 25.3566997671 25.40304944

82 25.4495882724 25.3798747085

83 25.5422840133 25.4262239732

84 25.5654575963 25.5191103009

85 25.61180442 25.4727624419

86 25.7046869617 25.5191103009

87 25.6583408074 25.5654575963

88 25.7046869617 25.5886310614

89 25.7278599594 25.61180442

90 25.8205516882 25.6349776836

91 25.7510329195 25.6349776836

92 25.8668975555 25.6815139148

93 25.8900705299 25.7278599594

94 25.9366065606 25.7278599594

95 26.0061262114 25.7510329195

96 26.0292996122 25.8205516882

97 26.0292996122 25.7973787725

98 26.0292996122 25.7973787725

99 26.1917071192 25.8900705299

100 26.0988205262 25.959779697

101 26.1917071192 25.959779697

102 26.1685327005 26.0061262114

103 26.2148817287 26.0061262114

104 26.3541240006 26.052473124

105 26.3075823036 26.0756467582

106 26.3307580384 26.0988205262

107 26.4004768163 26.1221843901

108 26.4004768163 26.1917071192

109 26.5163641892 26.1685327005

110 26.539542669 26.1685327005

111 26.539542669 26.2612315661

112 26.5163641892 26.2612315661

113 26.6324503199 26.3075823036

114 26.6092703221 26.2844068166

115 26.7251744961 26.3307580384

116 26.7947223403 26.4004768163

117 26.8180959444 26.3773002674

118 26.8412800193 26.4468308056

119 26.8412800193 26.4700082688

120 26.9108353454 26.4700082688

121 26.9108353454 26.4931860595

122 27.0035834406 26.4931860595

123 27.0035834406 26.5627215105

124 27.073340736 26.5860907201

125 27.073340736 26.5860907201

126 27.1197219834 26.6556307249

127 27.1197219834 26.6788115483

128 27.189298724 26.6556307249

129 27.2124923147 26.6788115483

130 27.2588815798 26.7019928016

131 27.2588815798 26.7483566431

132 27.3286610001 26.7715392541

133 27.3286610001 26.8180959444

134 27.3982570221 26.8180959444

135 27.4446582586 26.8876497084

136 27.4910627114 26.8412800193

137 27.4446582586 26.9108353454

138 27.514456368 26.9340215258

139 27.560865829 27.0267719079

140 27.560865829 27.0035834406

141 27.6769047432 27.0965310426

142 27.6536951709 27.0267719079

143 27.7467292786 27.073340736

144 27.8163721303 27.1197219834

145 27.862805606 27.1429135697

146 27.9092431135 27.1661058128

147 27.9324634075 27.189298724

148 27.9556847435 27.2356865962

149 27.9556847435 27.2588815798

150 28.0487711111 27.3054638362

151 28.0952256696 27.3286610001

152 28.1184546251 27.3286610001

153 28.2115723295 27.3750575818

154 28.3045184746 27.421457244

155 28.3509988412 27.4446582586

156 28.3509988412 27.4910627114

157 28.4207287634 27.514456368

158 28.5139105409 27.560865829

159 28.5139105409 27.6072787332

160 28.630179498 27.6072787332

161 28.630179498 27.6769047432

162 28.6768873307 27.7233266511

163 28.7234101494 27.7233266511

164 28.8164730062 27.8395883698

165 28.9330255878 27.8163721303

166 29.0261425371 27.862805606

167 29.0494256838 27.862805606

168 29.1427651529 27.9556847435

169 29.1427651529 27.9092431135

170 29.2825372664 28.0255454854

171 29.2825372664 28.0255454854

172 29.3524461233 28.0487711111

173 29.3992517388 28.1184546251

174 29.4691868268 28.1184546251

175 29.4925020907 28.1881483321

176 29.5391380386 28.1881483321

177 29.6092968733 28.1881483321

178 29.6792813029 28.2580430009

179 29.7026132195 28.3045184746

180 29.7726204499 28.2580430009

Test 3

0 22.7316129542 22.5684604369

1 22.8014301241 22.6150289425

2 22.8014301241 22.5684604369

3 22.7781592669 22.6150289425

4 22.7781592669 22.6150289425

5 22.847967301 22.7083374746

6 22.8246994648 22.7083374746

7 22.8246994648 22.6850604298

8 22.847967301 22.6617818079

9 22.8246994648 22.7316129542

10 22.847967301 22.7083374746

11 22.8712336449 22.754886881

12 22.8712336449 22.7781592669

13 22.894689198 22.754886881

14 22.894689198 22.754886881

15 22.9179525814 22.8014301241

16 22.894689198 22.8014301241

17 22.9179525814 22.8246994648

18 22.9412145088 22.8014301241

19 22.9644749922 22.8246994648

20 23.0109916755 22.8014301241

21 23.0109916755 22.8014301241

22 22.9877340438 22.894689198

23 22.9644749922 22.9179525814

24 23.0342478994 22.9179525814

25 23.0109916755 22.894689198

26 23.080756172 22.9179525814

27 23.0342478994 22.9644749922

28 23.080756172 22.9877340438

29 23.1040082448 22.9877340438

30 23.1040082448 23.0109916755

31 23.1971936003 22.9644749922

32 23.1739469051 23.0109916755

33 23.2436830681 23.0575027276

34 23.220438984 23.0575027276

35 23.2436830681 23.1506988863

36 23.2436830681 23.1040082448

37 23.2669258645 23.1274495319

38 23.3366466476 23.1274495319

39 23.3833114091 23.1506988863

40 23.3833114091 23.2436830681

41 23.3366466476 23.220438984

42 23.4297808288 23.220438984

43 23.3833114091 23.220438984

44 23.4762454805 23.2669258645

45 23.4994760481 23.3134076423

46 23.4994760481 23.3134076423

47 23.5227054594 23.3134076423

48 23.4994760481 23.3366466476

49 23.6390259428 23.3366466476

50 23.6390259428 23.4297808288

51 23.6158021434 23.4530137447

52 23.6854702985 23.4762454805

53 23.6622486572 23.4530137447

54 23.7319104094 23.5227054594

55 23.7783463702 23.4994760481

56 23.7319104094 23.5459337264

57 23.824968562 23.5691608609

58 23.824968562 23.5459337264

59 23.824968562 23.6390259428

60 23.8946089987 23.5691608609

61 23.9178205524 23.6390259428

62 23.9410311631 23.6854702985

63 23.9642408426 23.7319104094

64 24.0572606946 23.7319104094

65 24.0106574553 23.7319104094

66 24.0338644119 23.7551289027

67 24.0804658877 23.7783463702

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