Heat-Related Illness in the Heat-Related Illness in the Outdoor EnvironmentOutdoor Environment

Employee Training for WAC 296-62-095. Taken largely from the Division of Occupational Safety & Health revision 6-6-07 from Washington State Department of Labor and Industries

WAC 296-62-095

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Heat-related illness regulationHeat-related illness regulation Types of heat-related illnessTypes of heat-related illness Signs and symptoms of heat-related illnessSigns and symptoms of heat-related illness Environmental factors that contribute to the Environmental factors that contribute to the

risk of heat-related illnessrisk of heat-related illness Personal factors that may increase Personal factors that may increase

susceptibility to heat-related illness susceptibility to heat-related illness How to prevent heat-related illness How to prevent heat-related illness Emergency response procedures to heat-Emergency response procedures to heat-

related illnessrelated illness Ultraviolet radiation Ultraviolet radiation

Heat Illness RegulationsHeat Illness RegulationsWAC 296-62-095WAC 296-62-095

Requires:Requires: Employers with one or more employees performing Employers with one or more employees performing

work in an outdoor environment to implement work in an outdoor environment to implement workplace practices designed to reduce or workplace practices designed to reduce or eliminate risk of heat-related illness.eliminate risk of heat-related illness.

Practices must be in writing, and must include:Practices must be in writing, and must include: Accessibility to drinking water in sufficient quantity to Accessibility to drinking water in sufficient quantity to

provide at least one quart per employee per hourprovide at least one quart per employee per hour Procedures to remove employees experiencing signs and Procedures to remove employees experiencing signs and

symptoms of heat-related illness from duty, to provide symptoms of heat-related illness from duty, to provide sufficient means to reduce body temperature, and to sufficient means to reduce body temperature, and to determine if medical attention is neededdetermine if medical attention is needed

Employee training must be provided initially and Employee training must be provided initially and annuallyannually

Heat-Related IllnessHeat-Related Illness

Heat illness can effect anyone

Heat illness is dangerous

Heat illness can kill

NASA

Why is it important to know about heat illness?

Heat illness is preventable

Heat-Related IllnessHeat-Related Illness

Risk of heat-related illness occurs in:Risk of heat-related illness occurs in: Any Any outdoor professionoutdoor profession Temperatures greater than 75Temperatures greater than 75° ° or or

with a 10with a 10°° spike in temperature spike in temperature High humidity (approaching 80% or High humidity (approaching 80% or

greater)greater)

Heat illness is:

Overheating of the body, potentially resulting in the inability of the body to cool itself

Types of Heat-Related IllnessesTypes of Heat-Related Illnesses

Types of heat-related illness:Types of heat-related illness:

Heat RashHeat Rash-red rash appears, often under clothing-red rash appears, often under clothing

Heat CrampsHeat Cramps-painful spasms usually in arms or legs, -painful spasms usually in arms or legs, results in abnormal posture or grasping of legs or results in abnormal posture or grasping of legs or armsarms

Heat FatigueHeat Fatigue-impaired sensorimotor and/or mental -impaired sensorimotor and/or mental performanceperformance

Heat Exhaustion (stress)Heat Exhaustion (stress)-symptoms include -symptoms include fainting, nausea, profuse sweating, headache, fainting, nausea, profuse sweating, headache, disorientation, and irritabilitydisorientation, and irritability

Heat StrokeHeat Stroke-symptoms include convulsions, hot, dry -symptoms include convulsions, hot, dry skin, loss of consciousness, and can be fatalskin, loss of consciousness, and can be fatal

Heat RashHeat Rash Heat Rash

Red blister-like eruptions

Itching or prickling

Keep skin dry

Monitor for infection

Consult physician

Heat Cramps=Muscle CrampsHeat Cramps=Muscle Cramps A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and

forcibly contracted muscle or fibers of a forcibly contracted muscle or fibers of a muscle that does not relax (i.e., a muscle that does not relax (i.e., a muscle spasm that doesn’t relax is a muscle spasm that doesn’t relax is a muscle cramp)muscle cramp)

Muscle cramps can last a few seconds, Muscle cramps can last a few seconds, a quarter of an hour, and occasionally a quarter of an hour, and occasionally longer longer

Muscle cramps can recur multiple timesMuscle cramps can recur multiple times Muscle spasms and cramps are painfulMuscle spasms and cramps are painful Heat cramps usually occur in the arm, Heat cramps usually occur in the arm,

leg or stomach musclesleg or stomach muscles

Heat FatigueHeat Fatigue

Recognized when a person Recognized when a person exhibits impaired sensorimotor or exhibits impaired sensorimotor or mental performancemental performance

Person may faintPerson may faint

Seek treatment ASAP before heat Seek treatment ASAP before heat fatigue progresses to heat fatigue progresses to heat exhaustionexhaustion

Dehydration HeatExhaustion

HeatStroke

Heat exhaustion or stroke can develop rapidly or over a few days

Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

Take symptoms of both seriously

Untreated heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke & heat stroke can kill!

When the body can’t cool itself, body temp can reach 106° in 10-15 minutes

Dizziness or light-headed Weakness Extreme sweating Fatigue Red Face Mood changes, irritability or

confusion High pulse rate Pale, clammy skin/ face Headache Nausea/Vomiting Normal to slightly elevated

temperature Blurred vision Unsteady gait Fainting

Disorientation Erratic behavior Hot, dry skin/face that is flushed,

but not sweating Red face Mood changes, irritability,

agitation, or confusion Rapid pulse Chills/Shivering Restlessness Nausea/Vomiting High temperature (>104° F) Convulsions and/or seizures Loss of consciousness Coma May resemble a heart attack

HEAT EXHAUSTION HEAT STROKE

Heat Exhaustion & Heat Stroke

Learn to Recognize the Signs & Symptoms

Heat Stroke or Heat Exhaustion

Telling the Difference!

Mental confusion/disorientation occurs inALL heat stroke victims

Ask the person these 3 questions:

1.“What is your name?”

2.“What day is this?”

3.“Where are we?”

If the person can’t answer these questions assume it is heat stroke!

How We-Stay Cool!

Sweat evaporates off skin and has a cooling effect on the body

2.6 million sweat

glands in the body

Gland (hypothalamus) in the brain controls body heat

Blood flows to skins surface to cool itself

Body sweats

MonitorMonitorHeat and HumidityHeat and Humidity

It is important to It is important to monitor heat and monitor heat and humidity values humidity values each workday, all each workday, all day, in hot and/or day, in hot and/or humid weatherhumid weather

Environmental Risk FactorsEnvironmental Risk Factors

Humidity and HeatHumidity and Heat

Humidity (moisture in the air) interferes Humidity (moisture in the air) interferes with sweat evaporating from the skin thus with sweat evaporating from the skin thus interferes with the cooling of the bodyinterferes with the cooling of the body

The more humid it is, the less sweat can The more humid it is, the less sweat can evaporate, and the less body cooling evaporate, and the less body cooling occurs, and the more chance of heat-occurs, and the more chance of heat-related illnessrelated illness

Heat and humidity together greatly Heat and humidity together greatly increase the potential for heat-related increase the potential for heat-related illnessillness

Heat Index WarningsHeat Index WarningsHeat + Humidity = Heat IndexHeat + Humidity = Heat Index

Heat IndexHeat Index General Effect of Heat + General Effect of Heat + Humidity with Prolonged Humidity with Prolonged

Exposure & Physical ActivityExposure & Physical Activity

CautionCaution

80-8980-89Fatigue possible Fatigue possible

Extreme Extreme CautionCaution

90-10490-104

Heat stroke, heat cramps, and Heat stroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion possibleheat exhaustion possible

DangerDanger

105-129105-129Heat stroke, heat cramps, and Heat stroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion likely, and heat heat exhaustion likely, and heat stroke possible stroke possible

Extreme Extreme DangerDanger

130 or higher130 or higher

Heat stroke highly likelyHeat stroke highly likely

May feel effects at

80°

Implement controls at

90° or before

Environmental Risk FactorsEnvironmental Risk FactorsHeat Heat && HumidityHumidity Chart: Heat Index Chart: Heat Index

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Implement controls at

90° or before

May feel effects at

80°

Environmental Risk FactorsEnvironmental Risk FactorsDirect Sun

More direct sun the greater the risk

Radiant Heat From sun and other sources: transfers heat

energy through the air

Conductive Heat SourcesTransfers heat to worker by direct contact with heat source (tools, machinery, etc.)

Limited Air MovementLow or no wind

Radiant & Conductive Heat SourcesRadiant & Conductive Heat Sources

Hot equipmentHot equipment Engines add heatEngines add heat

Reflected heatReflected heat From ground or From ground or

objectsobjects

Radiant heat may add 15° to Heat Index

Risk FactorsRisk FactorsPhysical ExertionPhysical Exertion

Produces Internal Heat in the BodyConsider:What kind of work will be performed?How hard is the work?How long is the work task/period?

Photo credit: http://www.sullys.com.au/LawnMowing.htm

Risk FactorsRisk FactorsClothing Type and AmountClothing Type and Amount

Clothing traps body heat Clothing traps body heat and inhibits perspirationand inhibits perspiration

Especially:Especially: Personal protective Personal protective

equipment (PPE)equipment (PPE)

Heavy clothing Heavy clothing

Multiple clothing layersMultiple clothing layers

Dark-colored clothing Dark-colored clothing which absorbs heatwhich absorbs heat

Personal Risk FactorsPersonal Risk Factors

Age, weight, and personal fitnessAge, weight, and personal fitness Medical conditionsMedical conditions

Heart conditionsHeart conditions DiabetesDiabetes High blood pressureHigh blood pressure Etc.Etc.

Certain medicationsCertain medications

Illness, fever or hangover

Personal Risk Factors Personal Risk Factors MedicationsMedications

Some medications can make a person more Some medications can make a person more sensitive to the effects of heat (sensitive to the effects of heat (many contribute many contribute to body dehydration)to body dehydration)

Allergy medicines (antihistamines)Allergy medicines (antihistamines) Cough and cold medicines Cough and cold medicines Blood pressure and heart medicines Blood pressure and heart medicines Irritable bladder or bowel medicines Irritable bladder or bowel medicines LaxativesLaxatives Mental health medicines Mental health medicines Seizure medicines Seizure medicines Thyroid pillsThyroid pills Water pills (diuretics)Water pills (diuretics)

Consult health care provider or pharmacist for more Consult health care provider or pharmacist for more informationinformation

Personal Risk FactorsPersonal Risk Factors

Diet MattersDiet Matters No sugary drinksNo sugary drinks No heavy foodsNo heavy foods No alcoholNo alcohol No caffeinated drinksNo caffeinated drinks

No Nicotine No Nicotine Constricts blood vesselsConstricts blood vessels

Personal Risk FactorsPersonal Risk FactorsDitch that “Macho” Attitude! Ditch that “Macho” Attitude!

Slow down, pace yourself, and take Slow down, pace yourself, and take breaks, especially on hot days!breaks, especially on hot days!

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessPreventing Heat-Related IllnessAcclimatizeAcclimatize

Acclimatization is Extremely Acclimatization is Extremely Important!Important!

People can collapse, become easily fatigued, make People can collapse, become easily fatigued, make mistakes, get into accidents, or develop heat-related mistakes, get into accidents, or develop heat-related illnesses, if not properly acclimatizedillnesses, if not properly acclimatized

Many of us travel across the State, Nation, or over Many of us travel across the State, Nation, or over seas for our workseas for our work

Those who live in, and are used to, a cooler climate, Those who live in, and are used to, a cooler climate, should take special care when going to hot/humid should take special care when going to hot/humid climatesclimates

Go Prepared! Go Prepared!

Acclimate: plan in extra Acclimate: plan in extra time (several days) to time (several days) to adjust to hot working adjust to hot working conditionsconditions

Gradually build up Gradually build up exposure time, and exposure time, and adjust work routines, to adjust work routines, to increase heat toleranceincrease heat tolerance

Pay special attention to employees:

That are new Just returning from being sick Are absent for more than 2 weeks Just moved from a cooler climate During heat-wave events

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessAcclimatize

Preventing Heat-Related Illness Preventing Heat-Related Illness Information for EmployeesInformation for Employees

WSU strives to prevent heat-related WSU strives to prevent heat-related illness by:illness by:

Monitoring the work day weather & Monitoring the work day weather & tracking heat indextracking heat index

Scheduling tasks to minimize physical Scheduling tasks to minimize physical exertion on hot daysexertion on hot days

Advising employees to pace themselvesAdvising employees to pace themselves Encouraging frequent breaks on hot daysEncouraging frequent breaks on hot days Assigning workers a radio, pager, or cell Assigning workers a radio, pager, or cell

phone to keep in contact with base and phone to keep in contact with base and each othereach other

Providing annual heat-related illness Providing annual heat-related illness awareness trainingawareness training

Providing CPR and First Aid trainingProviding CPR and First Aid training

Preventing Heat-Related Illness Preventing Heat-Related Illness Information for EmployeesInformation for Employees

Providing:Providing: Appropriate PPEAppropriate PPE

Cooling vests and bandanasCooling vests and bandanasHats, sunglasses, etc.Hats, sunglasses, etc.

UVA/UVB rated sun glassesUVA/UVB rated sun glasses Sun screen (SPF 15 or above and Sun screen (SPF 15 or above and

UVA/UVB effective)UVA/UVB effective) Easy access to water via water bottles, Easy access to water via water bottles,

coolers, hydration packs, and/or coolers, hydration packs, and/or transportation to base water supplytransportation to base water supply

WSU strives to prevent heat-related illness by:

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessPreventing Heat-Related IllnessWork SmartWork Smart

Schedule the hardest Schedule the hardest work for the cooler work for the cooler parts of the dayparts of the day

Alternate heavy work Alternate heavy work with light work when with light work when possiblepossible

Pace yourselfPace yourself Keep hydratedKeep hydrated

Increase breaks when: Conditions are very hotWork requires high exertion levelsProtective clothing limits evaporative cooling

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessPreventing Heat-Related IllnessWork SmartWork Smart

Keep an on co-workers for symptoms of heat illness such as crankiness and denial

ESTABLISH A BUDDY SYSTEM!

Stay Cool!

Remove PPE and excess

clothing during breaks

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessWork Smart

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessPreventing Heat-Related IllnessWork SmartWork Smart

Wear proper clothingWear proper clothing Light coloredLight colored Light weightLight weight Natural fibers Natural fibers Hat with a brimHat with a brim Cooling vest or Cooling vest or

bandanas may be bandanas may be helpful in some caseshelpful in some cases

Work in the shade or out of direct sun when possible

It is important to drink water throughout the day or It is important to drink water throughout the day or dehydration resultsdehydration results

When dehydrated the amount of sweat that can be When dehydrated the amount of sweat that can be produced decreases, and the body can’t properly produced decreases, and the body can’t properly cool itselfcool itself

Do not wait for thirst before drinking water Do not wait for thirst before drinking water Water replaces body fluid lost by sweatingWater replaces body fluid lost by sweating

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessStay Hydrated

Proper hydration is key to preventing heat illness

One quart or more of water over the course of an hour may be necessary when the work environment is hot, and a person may be sweating more than usual as they work

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessPreventing Heat-Related IllnessStay Hydrated Stay Hydrated

A quart of water is suggested because A quart of water is suggested because the body can produce 1/2 gallon (2 the body can produce 1/2 gallon (2 quarts) of sweat per hour in hot quarts) of sweat per hour in hot environmentsenvironments

It is also important to incorporate It is also important to incorporate electrolyte-containing drinks in your electrolyte-containing drinks in your daily fluid intakedaily fluid intake

~1 cup every 15 minutes

Drinking water sources:Drinking water sources: Be closeable & have a tapBe closeable & have a tap Clearly markedClearly marked Suitably coolSuitably cool Individual cupsIndividual cups Bottled waterBottled water Hydration packs called camelbacks-Hydration packs called camelbacks-

users sip water through a tubeusers sip water through a tube

Photo credit: UC Davis

Worker wearing hydration pack

Hydration pack

Preventing Heat-Related IllnessStay Hydrated

STOPSTOP

All ActivityAll Activity if you becomeif you becomeLight-headedLight-headedConfusedConfusedWeakWeakFaintFaintOr have a pounding heart or trouble breathingOr have a pounding heart or trouble breathing

Take a Break and Rest in a cool placeDrink fluidsLoosen or shed unnecessary clothingLie Down

Notify Supervisor immediately, if you or a co-worker experience symptoms of heat-related illness

What You Can Do For OthersWhat You Can Do For Others Treatment for Heat Exhaustion & StrokeTreatment for Heat Exhaustion & Stroke Transport person to base, or to cooler, shaded area so Transport person to base, or to cooler, shaded area so

person can rest and lay downperson can rest and lay down Get help on the way: Get help on the way: call basecall base and/or 911 and/or 911 Do not leave person alone!Do not leave person alone! Loosen and remove heavy clothing that restricts Loosen and remove heavy clothing that restricts

evaporation and coolingevaporation and cooling If person is alert and not nauseated, provide fluids such If person is alert and not nauseated, provide fluids such

as cool water, juice, sports drinks, or non-caffeinated as cool water, juice, sports drinks, or non-caffeinated soft drinks (~ cup every 15 minutes).soft drinks (~ cup every 15 minutes).

Fan the person, spray or mist with cool water, apply wet cloth to skin

Do not further expose the person to heat this day. Have them rest and continue to drink cool water and electrolyte drinks

Get Help on the Way!Get Help on the Way!

Call 911!Call 911!When person does not feel When person does not feel better in about 15 minutes, better in about 15 minutes, or sooneror sooner, if they show signs , if they show signs of heat strokeof heat stroke

SECONDS COUNT!

If You Suspect Heat StrokeIf You Suspect Heat StrokeWhile waiting for medical help to While waiting for medical help to

arrive:arrive:Cool the person using whatever methods availableDo not give person fluids to drink If emergency 911 medical personnel are delayed; call the

hospital emergency room for further instruction

Cooling Methods Immerse the person in a tub of cool waterPlace the person in a cool showerSpray them with cool water from a hoseSponge the person with cool water If the humidity is low, wrap person in a

cool wet sheet and fan them vigorouslyApply ice packs under arms and to the

groin area

In Summary: Work Smart!In Summary: Work Smart!

Stay hydrated! Drink water/fluids frequently!Stay hydrated! Drink water/fluids frequently!Know the signs and symptoms of heat related Know the signs and symptoms of heat related illnesses and take them seriously illnesses and take them seriously Consider sports drinks when sweating a lotConsider sports drinks when sweating a lotAvoid alcohol, caffeinated drinks, and heavy Avoid alcohol, caffeinated drinks, and heavy meals before or during workmeals before or during workPlan work tasks for heat reliefPlan work tasks for heat reliefPace yourselfPace yourselfAcclimatizeAcclimatizeWear appropriate clothingWear appropriate clothingTake regular breaksTake regular breaksKeep an eye on your buddy!Keep an eye on your buddy!

Photo credit: www.csao.org

Questions?Questions?

A Word AboutA Word AboutUltraviolet Radiation (UV)Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Ultraviolet radiation is energy from the sunUltraviolet radiation is energy from the sun Responsible for sunburn and Responsible for sunburn and skin cancersskin cancers Three types of UV Rays come from the sun:Three types of UV Rays come from the sun:

UVA passes through the ozone layer, not blocked by UVA passes through the ozone layer, not blocked by glass or most sunscreens, penetrate deep into the skinglass or most sunscreens, penetrate deep into the skin

UVB only some absorbed in ozone layer thought to cause UVB only some absorbed in ozone layer thought to cause most sunburns, block by glass and some sunscreen most sunburns, block by glass and some sunscreen

UVC is absorbed by the ozone layerUVC is absorbed by the ozone layer Can track UV intensity levels by monitoring the UV Can track UV intensity levels by monitoring the UV

Index: Index: www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvindex.htmlwww.epa.gov/sunwise/uvindex.html Enter zip code for UV index of interestEnter zip code for UV index of interest Sign up for UV email alerts for your areaSign up for UV email alerts for your area The Index was developed by the National Weather The Index was developed by the National Weather

Service and the EPAService and the EPA

UV IndexUV Index

UV UV IndexIndex

Exposure Exposure LevelLevel

0 to 20 to 2 LowLow

3 to 53 to 5 ModerateModerate

6 to 76 to 7 HighHigh

8 to 8 to 1010

Very HighVery High

11+11+ ExtremeExtreme

The UV Index provides a daily (next-day) forecast by zip code of the expected risk of overexposure to the sun. The index predicts UV intensity levels on a scale of 1 to 11+.

The UV index takes into account clouds and other local conditions that affect the amount of UV radiation reaching the ground

www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvindex.html

Health Effects Health Effects of UV Over-Exposureof UV Over-Exposure

Sunburn:Sunburn: is an inflammation of the skin that is caused is an inflammation of the skin that is caused by UV radiation from the sun or UV tanning lampsby UV radiation from the sun or UV tanning lamps

Frequent UV ray overexposure effects:Frequent UV ray overexposure effects:Skin DamageSkin Damage: may cause scarring, freckling, drying : may cause scarring, freckling, drying

out of, or premature wrinkling of the skin out of, or premature wrinkling of the skin Skin Cancer:Skin Cancer: is directly linked to skin cancer is directly linked to skin cancerEye DamageEye Damage: may burn the cornea, and increase the : may burn the cornea, and increase the

risk of developing macular degeneration (a leading risk of developing macular degeneration (a leading cause of blindness), and cataracts cause of blindness), and cataracts

Immune System DamageImmune System Damage: potential to cause : potential to cause immune system damageimmune system damage

Skin CancerSkin Cancer Skin cancer is the most common form of human Skin cancer is the most common form of human

cancer cancer (~ 1 million new cases occur annually)(~ 1 million new cases occur annually) Approximately, half of all Americans who live to age Approximately, half of all Americans who live to age

65 will develop skin cancer at least once65 will develop skin cancer at least once Skin cancer refers to three different conditions. From Skin cancer refers to three different conditions. From

the least to the most dangerous, they are:the least to the most dangerous, they are: Basal cellBasal cell carcinoma carcinoma Squamous cellSquamous cell carcinoma carcinoma MelanomaMelanoma most serious as can metastasize and most serious as can metastasize and

spread quickly throughout the bodyspread quickly throughout the body The most common warning signs of skin cancer is a The most common warning signs of skin cancer is a

change in the appearance of the skin, such as a new change in the appearance of the skin, such as a new growth or a sore that will not healgrowth or a sore that will not heal

Recognizing Skin Cancer Recognizing Skin Cancer

A change in the size, shape, or color A change in the size, shape, or color of an existing moleof an existing mole

The appearance of a new, abnormal, The appearance of a new, abnormal, or "ugly-looking" mole.or "ugly-looking" mole.

The texture of an existing mole The texture of an existing mole changes and becomes hard, lumpy, or changes and becomes hard, lumpy, or scaly.scaly.

A mole may feel different and itch, A mole may feel different and itch, ooze, or bleed, but it usually is not ooze, or bleed, but it usually is not painfulpainful

The A-B-C-D’s of The A-B-C-D’s of Recognizing MelanomaRecognizing Melanoma

Watch moles for:Watch moles for:

AA AsymmetryAsymmetry -The shape of 1/2 doesn’t -The shape of 1/2 doesn’t match the othermatch the other

BB BorderBorder -The edges are ragged, notched, -The edges are ragged, notched, or blurredor blurred

CC ColorColor -The color is uneven: Shades of -The color is uneven: Shades of black, brown, and tan, or areas of white, black, brown, and tan, or areas of white, gray, red, or bluegray, red, or blue

D D DiameterDiameter - There is a change in size - There is a change in size

Melanoma causes ~75% of skin cancer deaths annually

1 in 4 people that develop melanoma are under 40

A

B

C

D

UV Protection GuidelinesUV Protection Guidelines

Minimize sun exposure at midday (10AM to 4PM)Use broad spectrum sunscreen SPF15 of higher

(offers UVA & UVB protection) Reapply sunscreen every 2 hoursWear a broad brimmed hat (at least 2” to 3” brim

all around), and long sleeve shirts and pantsWear sunglasses that are labeled to block 99 to

100% of UVA and UVB radiation. No UV Label-No Buy!

Incorporate heat-related illness prevention guidelines so not to develop a heat-related illness while working in the sun, and in addition for UV protection:

ANSI Z80.3 UV

ANSI Z87.1 Safety

Questions?Questions?