Heat Pumps Flow Center and Loop Install Guide (1)

8/12/2019 Heat Pumps Flow Center and Loop Install Guide (1)

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P.O. Box 245

Syracuse, NY 13211www.roth-america.com

888-266-7684

Flow Center and Loop

Application/InstallationGuide

Table of Contents:

Section 1: Model NomenclatureNomenclature description ................................... 2

Section 2: Installation - Pressurized

Flow CentersGeneral Installation ............................................... 2

Optional Adapter Sets .......................................... 3Mounting Flow Center .......................................... 3Interior Piping ......................................................... 4

Electrical Requirements ........................................ 4Multiple Units .......................................................... 5

Section 3: Flushing & ChargingOverview ................................................................ 5Flush Cart Design ................................................... 6

Step by Step Flushing & Charging ....................... 6

Section 4: Installation -

Non-Pressurized Flow CentersGeneral Installation ............................................... 9Interior Piping/Flushing .......................................... 9

Section 5: Closed Loop DesignBasics .................................................................... 11Parallel vs. Series .................................................. 11Header Design..................................................... 12Closed Loop Heat Exchanger Design Rules..... 13

Soil Moisture Properties ....................................... 16

Section 6: Antifreeze SelectionOverview .............................................................. 17

Antifreeze Charging ........................................... 18

Section 7: HDPE PipePipe Specications .............................................. 20

Fusion Methods .................................................... 20

Section 8: Flow Center SelectionPressure Drop Calculations ................................ 21

Pump Curves ....................................................... 21Pressure Drop Tables ........................................... 22

Guide Revision Table:

August, 2010 KT All First Published

P/N: 2300100909


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2Roth Flow Center & Loop Application ManualAugust, 2010

Section 1: Model Nomenclature

Safety Considerations

WARNING: Before performing service ormaintenance operations on the ow center

pumps, turn off all power sources. Electricalshock could cause personal injury or death.Before applying power, make sure that all

covers and screws are in place. Failure todo so could cause risk of electrical shock.

Flow Center Initial Inspection

Please read the complete instructionsbefore starting installation. Carefullyfollow instructions to ensure optimum andsafe operation. Leave the instructionswith the owner after installation. The owcenter and Grundfos UP series circulating

pumps should be installed according to allapplicable codes. Unpack the ow centerand any other component kits required and

inspect them for shipping damage beforeinstallation. Shipping damage claims mustbe led promptly by the purchaser with thefreight company.

Note: The ow centers are injected withfoam for condensation preventionduring low temperature operation and for

noise attenuation. Pump heads can beeld replaced.

Typical Pressurized Flow Center Installation

The ow centers are insulated and contain

all ushing and circulation connectionsfor residential and light commercial earth

loops that require a ow rate of no morethan 20 gpm. 1-1/4 fusion x 1 doubleo-ring ttings (AGA6PES) are furnished withthe double o-ring ow centers for HDPEloop constructions. Various ttings areavailable for the double o-ring ow centersfor different connections. See table 1 forconnection options. A typical installationwill require the use of a hose kit. Matching

hose kits come with double o-ring adaptersto transition to 1 hose connection.

Note: Threaded ow centers all have 1 FPTconnections. Matching hose kits come withthe AGBA55 adapter needed to transitionfrom 1 FPT to 1 hose.

Model Number: A G FC 1 A

Part TypeA = Unit Accessory

OperationG = Pressurized

B = Non-Pressurized

Accessory TypeFC = Flow Center

FM = Flow Module

Number of Pumps

Model Number Digit: 1 2 3 4 5 6

MODEL NUMBER NOMENCLATURE:

Flow Center TypePressurized Flow Centers:

A = Composite/Brass valve, double O-Ring fittings, UP26-116 Pumps

D = Composite/Brass valve, double O-Ring fittings, UP26-99 Pumps

B = Brass valve, 1 FPT, UP26-99 Pumps

C = Brass valve, 1 FPT, UP26-116 Pumps

E = Brass valve, 1 FPT, UP26-99 Pumps

F = Double O-ring XL fittings, UPS60-150 Pumps

Non-Pressurized Flow Centers:

A = UP26-99 Pumps, 1 FPT swivel

B = UP26-116 Pumps, 1 FPT swivel

[Consult the price book for more detailed Nomenclature Flow Center Hose Kit Adapter combinations.]

Section 2: Flow Center Installation -Pressurized


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3Flow Center & Loop Application ManualAugust, 2010

Roth


Flow Center Mounting

The ow center must be located betweenthe heat pump and the earth loop andshould be located as close to the unit aspossible to limit the length of rubber hoseand associated pressure drop (hose kits

come with 10 of rubber hose - limit one unitper hose kit connection). Other factors forow center location is the ease of futureservice. The ow center must be mountedwith the pump shaft(s) in the horizontal

position. The only adjustment is that thecirculator pump electrical boxes be on thehorizontal side of the power head in the

mounted position to help prevent moisturefrom being held inside the junction box(See gures 2a and 2b).

The ow center can be mounted to thewall or the side of the unit opposite the aircoil. If you are mounting the ow center to

the stud wall make sure you have isolatedthe ow center from the studs and/or lagbolts to prevent noise and/or vibration. Ifyou are mounting the ow center to theside of the heat pump, be careful not topuncture any internal parts of the unit wheninserting the screws into the cabinet. Keep

in mind that heat pump access will belimited in this mounting position. Be surewhen mounting the ow center that thereis adequate access to both the ush portsand 3-way valves for any service required.

Figure 1: Typical Flow Center Installation

Table 1: Adapter Sets

Figure 2a: Pump Mounting

Figure 2b: Control box location

Part No. Description Connection Use FC Type

AGA5INS Double O-ring x 1 Brass Barb (Pair) Unit Side O-Ring

AGA6INS Double O-ring x 1.25 Brass Barb (Pair) Loop or Unit Side O-Ring

AGA5MPT Double O-ring x 1 Brass MPT (Pair) Loop or Unit Side O-Ring

AGA6PES Double O-ring x 1.25 PE Socket (Pair) Loop or Unit Side O-Ring

AGAFP Double O-ring x Cam Lever elbow (male)(pair) Flush Port O-Ring

AGBA55 1 Brass MPT x 1 Brass Barb (ea) Unit Side FPT

AGBA56 1 Brass MPT x 1.25 Brass Barb (ea) Loop or Unit Side FPT

GFMA65 1 Brass MPT x 1.25 PE Socket (ea) Loop or Unit Side FPT

AGA5FPT Double O-ring x 1 Brass FPT (pair) Loop or Unit Side O-Ring

AGS5INS Double O-ring x 1 Brass Barb w/PT tap (pair) Unit Side O-Ring

AGS5MPT Double O-ring x 1 Brass MPT w/PT tap (pair) Units Side O-Ring

Note:Hose clamps included with hose kits.


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Interior Piping

All interior piping must be sized for properow rates and pressure loss. Insulationshould be used on all inside piping whenminimum loop temperatures are expectedto be less than 50F. Use the table below

for insulation sizes with different pipe sizes.All pipe insulation should be a closed celland have a minimum wall thickness of

3/8. All piping insulation should be gluedand sealed to prevent condensation anddripping. Interior piping may consist of thefollowing materials: HDPE, copper, brass,or rubber hose (hose kit only). PVC is notallowed on pressurized systems.

Flow Center Electrical Wiring

Power wiring to the ow center mustconform to all applicable codes. Figure3 illustrates the wiring required at theunit control box. Flow centers are onlyavailable in 230V single phase voltage.Pumps are fused through a pair of circuitbreakers in the unit control box.

Multiple Units on One Flow Center

When two units are connected to one looppumping system, pump control is achieved

by using APSMA loop pump sharingmodule. Using this module allows eitherunit to energize the ow center. Connectthe units and ow center as shown in

Figures 4 and 5. The APSMA module mustbe located in a NEMA enclosure or insidethe unit control box. Figure 6 shows unitconnections to a common loop with oneow center per unit.

Piping Material Insul Description

1" IPS Hose 1-3/8" ID - 3/8" Wall

1" IPS PE 1-1/4" ID - 3/8" Wall

1-1/4" IPS PE 1-5/8" ID - 3/8" Wall

2" IPS PD 2-1/8" ID - 3/8" Wall

Table 2: Pipe Insulation

Transformer

Contactor

Lockout Board

(all units)

Combo Board

(Optional -- Combo units only)

PumpConnection

Pump Circuit Breaker

(added late 2008)

Grounding block

T-StatConnections

C,R,Y

1,Y

2,O,G,W,L

AccessoryConnections

ODD,H

W,A,Y

T,Y

U,H

UM,R

ElectricHeaterConnections

C,W

1,W

2,W

3

COM

NO

NC

COM

NO

NC

ECM Board

(Optional -- ECM only)

Blower Relay

(Optional --

PSC only)

Hot Water Pump Relay(Optional -- Combo only)

or Fan Interlock

(Optional -- PSC only)

Wire external loop pump(s)

to the pump terminalblock in the control box.

Figure 3: External Pump Wiring

Figure 4: Pump Sharing Module

24VAC 24VAC

240V IN 240V OUT

Relay Relay

240VAC

Power Source

240VAC

to Pump(s)

24VACconnection

to unit #2(compressor contactor coil)

24VAC

connectionto unit #1

(compressor contactor coil)


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Overview

Once piping is completed between theunit, ow center, and the earth loop, nalpurging and charging of the system isneeded. A ush cart (at least a minimum of1.5 hp pump motor or larger) is needed toachieve adequate ow velocity (2 fps in allpiping) in the loop to purge air and debrisfrom the loop piping (unless the header

manifold is located inside and has isolationvalves). All air and debris must be removedfrom the system before operation or pump

failure could result. The ush ports located

on the ow center are access to the pipingsystem for the ush cart. See gure 7 forconnection details.

The 3-way valves on the ow center includedirection indicators on the valves whichdetermine the ow path (see gure 8). A3/8 socket drive is required to operate

the 3-way valves. The valves will turn ineither direction, 360 degrees. Make sureduring this process that the valves are in thesame position so that air does not becometrapped in the system.

Section 3: Flushing & Charging

LWT

EWT

Heat PumpHeat Pump

Field-suppliedfull-port ball valve

for balancing

Field-suppliedcheck valve to

prevent short-cycling

Each heat pumpmust include P/T

ports to verify flow rates

EWT

LWT

FlowCenter

FlowCenter

FlowCenter

Heat Pump

EWT

LWT

EWT

LWT

To Ground Loop

Figure 5: Two Units Connected to One Flow Center

Figure 6: Common Loop with One Flow Center per Unit

HeatPumpHeatPump

Flow

Controller

Field-suppliedfull-port ball valve

Each heat pumpmust include P/T

orts to verif flow rates

LWT

EWT

LWT

EWT

Heat Pump Heat Pump

FlowCenter

EWT

LWT

EWT

LWT

To Ground Loop

for balancing


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Flush Cart DesignThe Roth ush cart has been designed toeffectively and efciently ush the earthloop and to facilitate injecting and mixingof the antifreeze. The single most importantelement in ow center reliability is the ability

to remove all the air and debris from theloop and to provide the proper working

pressure.

Features of the ush cart:Cylinder: HDPE, SDR15.5, 10 dia. (10 Gallons)Pump: Myers High Head QP15, 1.5hp, 115VHose connections:

Cam Lock quick connects - 1-1/2 hosesHand Truck: 600lb rating with pneumatic tiresWiring: Liquid Tight metal on/off switchTubing: SDR11 HDPE

Connections:

2 - 3/4 connections for antifreezeand discharge

Drain: one on the pump and the tank

Step 1: Flushing the Earth Loop

1. Connect ush cart hoses to ow

center ush ports using properadapters #AGAFP.

2. Connect water supply to hoseconnection on return line of ush cart.

3. Turn both 3-way valves on ow center toush ports and loop position.

4. Turn on water supply (make sure water isof proper quality).

5. As the reservoir lls up, turn the pump on

and off, sucking the water level down.Do not allow the water level to drop

below intake tting to the pump.6. Once the water level remains above the

water outlet in the reservoir leave thepump running continuously.

7. Once the water level stays above the Tin the reservoir, turn off the water supply(this also allows observation of

air bubbles).8. Run the pump for a minimum of 2 hours for

proper ushing and purging (dependingon system size it may take longer).

9. Dead head the pump every so oftenand watch the water level in the reservoir.Once all the air is removed there shouldnot be more than a 1 to 2 drop in waterlevel in the reservoir. If there is more thana 2 drop, air is still trapped in the system.This is the only way to tell if air is still

trapped in the system.

Figure 7: Flush Cart Connections Figure 8: Flow Center 3-Way Valves

F

lush

Port

F

lush

Port

Flush

Port

Flush

Port

Loop Loop

Loop Loop

Unit Unit

Unit Unit


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10. To dead head the pump, shut off thereturn side ball valve on the ush cart.This will provide a surge in pressure tothe system piping, helping to get the air

bubbles moving. Do not reverse owduring ushing.

Water Quality: Even on a closed loopsystem water quality is an issue. The systemneeds to be lled with clean water. If thewater on site has high iron content, highhardness, or the PH is out of balance,premature pump failure may result.Depending upon water quality, it may

need to be brought in from off site.

Step 2: Flushing the Unit

1. Turn off the pump on the ush cart.2. Turn both 3-way valves to the unit and

ush port position.3. Turn the pump back on. It may be

necessary to turn the water supply back

on to keep the water level in the reservoirabove the return tee.

4. This should only take 5 to 10 minutes to

purge the unit.5. Once this is done, the entire system

is now full of water, and the ush cart

pump may be turned off.

Step 3: Adding Antifreeze by Displacement

1. If the antifreeze was not added when theloop was being lled, it will be necessaryto follow the next few steps.

2. Turn both 3-way Ts back to the originalposition for ushing the loop only.

3. Close the return side ball valve on theush cart.

4. Connect hose to the return sidedischarge line and run it to a drain.Open the ball valve on discharge line onush cart.

5. Turn pump on until water level is suckeddown just above the water outlet in the

reservoir, and turn pump off. Be sure not

to suck air back into the system.6. Fill the reservoir back up with

the antifreeze.7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 until all the

antifreeze is in the system and reservoir.8. Turn the discharge line ball valve off at

the ush cart. Turn the return line ballvalve back to the on position.

Figure 9: Roth Flush Cart Figure 10: Flush Cart Pump Curve


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9. It may be necessary to add some water

into the reservoir to keep the water levelabove the return tee so that the solutiondoes not foam.

10. The system must be run for 3 to 4 hoursto mix the antifreeze and water in thereservoir. The uid will not mix insidethe loop.

11. Check the antifreeze level everyso often to insure that the proper

amount was added to the system (seeantifreeze charging section).

Step 4: Final Pressurization of System

1. Once all of the air and debris has beenremoved, and the antifreeze has been

added and mixed, the system is ready fornal pressurization.

2. Turn one of the 3-way valves so that it isopen to all 3 ports, the unit, loop, and

fush port. Turn the other valve so it isonly open to the loop and fush port(pressure is also applied to the hose kit inthis arrangement).

3. Turn the ush cart pump on and allow the

system to start circulating.4. With the pump running, turn the return

line ball valve to the off position on theush cart, dead heading the pump.

5. There should be a maximum of 1 to 2inches of drop in the water level in thereservoir. This only takes about3-5 seconds.

6. Next, turn the supply line ball valve to the

off position on the ush cart (isolates theow center from the ush cart).

7. Now that the system is isolated from the

reservoir the pump can be turned off.Do not open the main ush cart ballvalves yet.

8. Connect the water supply back to the

discharge line hose connection, andopen the ball valve. Turn on the watersupply and leave it on for 20 to 30minutes. This will stretch the pipe properlyto insure that the system will not have aat loop during cooling operation.

9. Once the loop is pressured(recommended pressure on initial start

up is 50 to 70 psi), turn the water supplyoff. Turn off the discharge line ballvalve, and disconnect the water supply.Maximum pressure should never exceed100 psi under any circumstance!

10. Turn the 3-way valves on the ow centerback to the normal operation mode,which closes the ush port connections.

11. Open the ball valves on the ush cart torelieve pressure on the hoses. Disconnectthe hoses from the ow center.

Note: Pressurized ow centers and GrundfosUP series pumps need a minimum of 3psi onthe suction side of the pump to operate.Maximum operating pressure is 100 psi.

Loop static pressure will uctuate with theseasons. Pressures will be higher in the

winter months than during the summermonths. In the cooling mode the heatpump is rejecting heat, which relaxesthe pipe. This uctuation is normal andneeds to be considered when chargingand pressuring the system initially. Typicaloperating pressures of an earth loop are 15

to 50 psi.


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Section 4: Flow Center Installation - Non-Pressurized

Note - Burping pump(s): On ow center

initial start up, the pumps must be bled ofair. Start the system and remove the bleedscrew from the back side of the pump(s).This allows any trapped air to bleed out. Italso oods the pump shaft, and keeps thepump(s) cool. Failure to do this could resultin premature pump failure.

General installation guidelinesStanding column ow centers are designedto operate with no static pressure onthe earth loop. The design is such thatthe column of water in the ow centeris enough pressure to prime the pumpsfor proper system operation and pump

reliability. The ow center does have acap/seal, so it is still a closed system, wherethe uid will not evaporate. If the earthloop header is external, the loop system willstill need to be ushed with a purge cart asdescribed above (Step 1 and 3). The non-pressurized ow center needs to be isolatedfrom the ush cart during ushing becausethe ow center is not designed to handlepressure. Since this is a non-pressurizedsystem, the interior piping can incorporate

all the above-mentioned pipe material

Figure 11: Typical Non-Pressurized Installation

options (see interior piping), including PVC.The ow center can be mounted to the wallwith the included bracket or mounted onthe oor as long as it is properly supported.

Flushing the Interior Piping (Non-Pressurized)

Do not use the ush cart to purge theinterior piping and ow center in a non-

pressurized system. Once the loop hasbeen ushed the ball valves may beopened above the ush ports. Take agarden hose from the ush port connectedto the water out to the loop pipe, andrun the other end of the hose into thetop of the canister (see gure 12). Fill thecanister with water and turn the pumps on.

Continue to ll the canister until the waterlevel stays above the dip tube. Once llingis complete, remove the hose and closethe ush port. Turn the system on. Any airthat may still be in the system will burp itselfout of the top of the canister. Leave thetop open for the rst 1/2 hour of run time toensure that all of the air is bled out. Tightenthe cap on the ow center to complete the

ushing and lling procedure (hand tightenonly -- do not use a wrench). See gures 12

and 13 for interior and exterior ushing.


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Section 4: Flow Center Installation -Non-Pressurized

Figure 12: Flushing Inside Piping

Figure 13: Flushing Outside Piping


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Closed Loop Basics

Closed loop earth coupled systems arecommonly installed in one of three differentcongurations: horizontal, vertical, andpond/lake loop. Each congurationprovides the benet of using the earthsmoderate temperatures as a heat source/sink. All closed loop systems must be

designed to maintain entering watertemperatures above 25F in heating, andbelow 110F in cooling. Temperaturesoutside this range will cause the heat pumpto function improperly and lockout.

Select the installation congurationwhich provides the most cost effective

method of installation after consideringall application constraints. Determiningthe style of loop primarily depends on lotsize and soil conditions. Loop design takesinto account two basic factors. The rst isaccurately engineering a system to functionproperly with low pumping requirementsand adequate heat transfer to handle theload of the structure/system. The secondis to design a loop with the lowest installedcost while still maintaining a high level of

quality. In the end, the consumer will havepaid approximately the same amount ofmoney for heating, cooling, and hot waterno matter which loop conguration wasinstalled. This leaves the installed cost of theloop as the main factor for determining thesystem payback. Therefore, proper designincludes the most economical systempossible given the installation requirements.

Parallel vs. Series CongurationsInitially, loops were designed using seriesstyle ow paths due to the lack of fusionttings and procedures to insure there

there were no leaks. This resulted in largepipe diameters being used (1-1/4 to 2)to reduce pumping requirements due tothe increase of pressure drop because of

Section 5: Geothermal Closed Loop Design

the pipe lengths. Since the fusion process

has become available, parallel ow usingsmaller pipe diameters for loops 2 tonsand larger have become standard for anumber of reasons:

Cost of the pipe: The larger diameter thepipe, the higher the cost. The benet oflarger pipe only increases performance

by 10-20%.

Pumping power: Parallel systems generallyhave much lower pressure drop, whichresults in smaller pumping stations forreduced pump energy.

Installation ease: Larger diameter pipesare harder to work with, especially during

cold weather conditions.

Antifreeze: Because parallel systems utilizesmaller size pipe, the volume of the systemsare smaller, requiring less antifreeze

Unlimited capacity: Series systems arelimited due to pressure drop reasons,whereas parallel systems are unlimitedin capacity.

Parallel System Requirements

Design: Special care in the design isrequired to ensure that all of the air anddebris can be removed from the system.

Reducing reverse-return header: Requiredfor all parallel systems.

Pressure drop: Loop lengths must remainwithin +/- 5% of one another for equalpressure drop and balanced ow.

Fusion: Special training and equipment isrequired to provide fusion ttings.

Purging: Large pump ush cart is neededto get all of the air and debris out of

the system.


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Loop Circuiting

Loops should be designed with acompromise between pressure drop andgood turbulence in the heat exchangepipe for heat transfer. Therefore thefollowing rules should be observed whendesigning a loop:

1. Use 3 gpm per 3/4 loop ow rate to

reach turbulent ow.2. Use 3 gpm per ton of nominal

equipment installed.3.Maintain one loop/circuit per ton of

nominal capacity with 3/4 pipe and one-half loop/circuit per ton with 1-1/4 pipe.This rule can be deviated by one circuit or

so for different loop congurations.4. Maximum loop length for 3/4 PE is 800 ft.

due to pressure drop.

Circuit 4

Circuit 1

1-1/4x 3/4x 3/4 T

Circuit 3

3/4x 3/4x 3/4 T

Circuit 2

3/4x 3/4x 3/4 T

2x 1-1/4x 3/4 T2x 2x 3/4 T

Circuit 8

Circuits 5 - 7

(1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 3/4 Ts)

Circuits 9 - 12

Figure 15: Typical Reducing Header up to 12 Tons

2 foot wide trench

Circuit 3 Circuit 2 Circuit 1

Supply Line

1-1/4elbow

1-1/4x 3/4x 3/4 T3/4x 3/4x 3/4 T 3/4elbow

Circuit 3 Circuit 2 Circuit 1

Return Line

1-1/4elbow

1-1/4x 3/4x 3/4 T

3/4elbow 3/4x 3/4x 3/4 T

Figure 16: Reverse-Return Header

Header Design

Headers for parallel loops should bedesigned with two factors in mind. Therst is pressure drop, and the second is theability to ush the loop. Figure 15 shows thetypical layout for a close header (no morethan 5 between tees) for up to 12 tons and2 header main line. Notice the reduction

in pipe size as circuits drop off. This designis used to keep the pressure drop down,yet maintain 2 fps for ushing. The othercritical design in the header is the reversereturn connections. This ensures that thereis equal pressure drop through each 3/4circuit, which eliminates the need forbalancing valves. This system will be auto-

balancing (if all circuits are within +/- 5% inlength from one another). Figure 16 showsthe reverse return layout of the supply/return header manifold.



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Closed Loop Heat Exchanger Design Rules

Loop design is based upon variousconditions specic to each job site.Design software based on IGSHPAstandards such as GeoAnalyst isthe best way to size loops.Factorsinclude building load heat gain/losscalculations, equipment capacity,

equipment efciency, soil conditions,required loop temperature operatingdesign, pipe size, antifreeze selection,weather conditions and lifestyle.

Know your soil type.Check the sitebefore you decide. Many sourcescan be found locally for informationregarding the site location conditions.

Example: builders, water well drillers, soilconservation district ofces, geologicalmaps on the internet.

One ow path (circuit) per ton (12,000BTUS) of equipment(round up or down1 circuit for ton sized unitse.g. 3.5ton unit uses either 3 or 4 circuits). GPM

ow rates should be 2.25 GPM minimumto 3 GPM per circuit for good turbulenceand heat exchange to the earth.

Parallel vs. series congurations?Jobs2 ton or larger should use parallel waterow circuits to keep GPM ow rateshigh and pumping HP requirements low.

Series loops are limited to small tonnageunit sizes (2 total tons or less).

Divide total trench or bore length asshown in GeoAnalyst software by totaltons of equipment being applied to theloop. Example: 4 ton packaged unit

trench length = 616 feet or 4 trenches,154 feet long each.

Trench/bore hole area should belocated 15 feet minimum from thebuilding. If the trench is longer than300 feet, be sure to calculate the totalpiping pressure drop for proper pump/pipe sizing.

Trench/bore spacing should be kept toa 10 foot minimum distance betweeneach trench/bore hole area.

Horizontal trenches need not be deeperthan 4-5 feet for most locations, but

should be approximately 1-2 feet

deeper than the lowest expected frostline conditions. This will place the pipe ina stable temperature zone.

Horizontal loop circuits installed intrenches should have enough spaceat the end of the trench to safely

turn around and return towards thebeginning of the trench without kinksin the tubing or using elbows to reducethe number of fusion joints in the circuit.Good designers try to purchase coil pipethat can go down and back withoutthe use of ttings in the trench, exceptfor the nal connections to the manifoldheader.

Horizontal trenches/vertical bore holesshould be tapered together at one endof loop eld or the center of a bore eldto utilize a small header pit for parallelcircuits.

Supply/return manifolds should utilizereverse return design for equal waterow rates on each ow path or circuit.Try to achieve 10 foot trench spacingas soon as practical as you leave theheader pit area and begin the circuittrenches or bore holes.

Good manifold header design shouldkeep header tee spacing closetogether, less than 2 feet between eachtee outlet, for easy air removal from

piping system.

Typical header pitexcavated area isapproximately 4.5 feet long x 4 feetwide x 4.5 5 feet deep.



14/26


Never place supply and return piping

next to the building foundation; alwaysmaintain 15 feet minimum spacing awayfrom any foundation to prevent frostdamage to the building.

Supply/return line trenching from header

pit to building should taper uphill towardbuilding, but maintain approximately

4 feet below nish grade at wallpenetration.Typical trench width is 18-24 wide. Lay supply and return pipingin each corner at bottom of trench. Thiswill reduce the chance of ground waterfollowing piping into the building.

All piping should be uid pressure tested

hydrostatically with approximately 100psi for 10 minutes to assure leak freefusion joints and connections beforeback-lling the trench.

All vertical bore holes should bepressure groutedwith an approvedbentonite grout material utilizing 20%

solids minimum for proper sealing andheat transfer. This must be done from thebottom up, not just a cap at the top.

Do not use sand or gravel to backllloop pipe trenches/bores, as it will dryout and impede good heat transferbetween the uid in the pipe and the

earth. Normally the same soil should beplaced back into the trench. Commonsense should be used regarding largerocks or sharp stones that could crush orcut the piping. Do not place rocks nearthe piping. Cover the loop piping with2-3 feet of good soil rst.

Its a good idea to include a foil tracer

tape or copper wire in supply/returntrenching, placing tracer approximately2 feet above piping between header pitand building wall penetration area foreasy locating of the supply/return andmanifold area.

Supply/return piping will typically be 1.25

diameter PE from the header manifold(outdoors) to the ow center (loop pump)located in the building near the unit. Allpiping penetrating the building foundationshould be protected in conduit.

All piping inside the building should beproperly insulatedwith pipe insulation to

prevent condensation damage to thebuilding.

Loop uid should be antifreezeprotected to 15F with an approved uidtype, typically Methanol, Ethanol orPropylene Glycol. Test with the properhydrometer.

All piping and connections should be

composed of an approved geothermalpolyethylene PE3408 type pipe,utilizingsocket fusion or butt fusion and installedby a qualied fusion technician.

Notes:

Safety First!

We strongly suggest that contractors

attend either a factory training school orIGSHPA training school for Loop Design andInstallation before attempting loop designand installations.

Always check BEFORE YOU DIG! Contactyour local underground utility locatorservice and verify any utility that might belocated nearby.

Stay away from electrical power, septicsystems and well water lines.

Check with your local building/healthdepartment regarding permits, codes andlaws that may apply to your location orstate/province regarding geothermal loopsystems.



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Contact your distributor for additional

information on training locations and dates.

Good loop design and proper installationare necessary for any system to operateproperly.

We offer and support several designschools and tools to take the guesswork

out of residential loop system design. Askyour local distributor about our GeoAnalystsoftware tool that will provide you withthe science behind the design and thecondence you need to actively design,install and service geothermal equipmentand loop systems.

Like anything else Its not that hardwhen you have the proper training and thetools.



16/26


Soil Moisture Properties

An important factor affecting heat transferbetween the earth and the loop is moisturemigration. When heat is extracted fromthe earth, soil moisture migrates towardthe earth loop, improving heat transferbetween the loop and the surrounding soil.In the cooling mode, heat rejection to thesoil can drive away moisture, degrading

heat transfer. In heating dominatedclimates, this later negative effect has notbeen observed in practice. However, incooling dominated climates, this specialcondition must be considered in regard toloop lengths due to longer run times in thecooling mode.

Another important factor affecting heattransfer between the earth and the loopis soil moisture freezing. Freezing allows theextraction of energy from the soil withoutthe normal drop in soil temperature in thevicinity of the pipe. The net effect is thatthe antifreeze solution returning to theheat pump from the earth loop returns at ahigher temperature than if freezing had not

occurred.

Earth loops are sized after the housedesign heating and cooling loads havebeen calculated, and the heat pump sizehas been selected. All heat pumps aredesigned with high and low limits on theenergy source liquid which are acceptable.

CLAY

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2 2O

SAND

SILT

Cross View (DRY) Microscopic View

Cross View (WET)

Consistency: Hershey Bar

Visible to Eye Microscopic View

Microscopic View

O H

Denition of Sizes:

SAND = Visible to Eye - 1/4 GRAVEL = 1/4 - 3

COBBLE = 3 - 12 BOULDER = 12 and up

Moisture Content for All Soils:

DRY = No Water MOIST = Damp Feel WET = Visible Water



17/26


Roth

Section 6: Antifreeze Selection & Charging

Antifreeze Overview

In areas where minimum entering looptemperatures drop below 40F, or wherepiping will be routed through areassubject to freezing, antifreeze is required.Alcohols and glycols are commonly usedas antifreeze. However, local and state/provincial codes supercede any instructions

in this document. The system needsantifreeze to protect the coaxial heatexchanger from freezing and rupturing.Freeze protection should be maintained to15F below the lowest expected enteringloop temperature. For example, if 30Fis the minimum expected entering looptemperature, the leaving loop temperature

could be 22 to 25F. Freeze protectionshould be set at 15F (30-15 = 15F). Todetermine antifreeze requirements,calculate how much volume the systemholds. Then, calculate how muchantifreeze will be needed by determiningthe percentage of antifreeze required forproper freeze protection. See tables 3 and4 for volumes and percentages. The freeze

protection should be checked duringinstallation using the proper hydrometer

to measure the specic gravity and freezeprotection level of the solution.

Antifreeze Characteristics

Selection of the antifreeze solution

for closed loop systems require theconsideration of many important factors,which have long-term implications on theperformance and life of the equipment.

Each area of concern leads to a differentbest choice of antifreeze. There is noperfect antifreeze. Some of the factorsto consider are as follows (Brine = antifreezesolution including water):

Safety: The toxicity and ammability of thebrine (especially in a pure form).

Cost: Prices vary widely.

Thermal Performance: The heat transferand viscosity effect of the brine.

Corrosiveness: The brine must becompatible with the system materials.

Stability: Will the brine require periodicchange out or maintenance?

Convenience: Is the antifreeze available

and easy to transport and install?

Codes: Will the brine meet local and state/provincial codes?

The following are some generalobservations about the types of brinespresently being used:

Methanol: Wood grain alcohol that isconsidered toxic in pure form. It has goodheat transfer, low viscosity, is non-corrosive,and is mid to low price. The biggest downside is that it is ammable in concentrationsgreater than 25%.

Ethanol: Grain alcohol, which by the ATF(Alcohol, Tobaco, Firearms) department

of the U.S. government, is required to bedenatured and rendered unt to drink.

It has good heat transfer, mid to highprice, is non-corrosive, non-toxic even inits pure form, and has medium viscosity.It also is ammable with concentrationsgreater than 25%. Note that the brandof ethanol is very important. Make sure ithas been formulated for the geothermal

industry. Some of the denaturants are notcompatible with HDPE pipe (for example,solutions denatured with gasoline).

Propylene Glycol: Non-toxic, non-corrosivemid to high price, poor heat transfer, highviscosity when cold, and can introducemicro air bubbles when adding to thesystem. It has also been known to form a

slime-type coating inside the pipe. Foodgrade glycol is recommended becausesome of the other types have certaininhibitors that react poorly with geothermal


18/26



systems. A 25% brine solution is a minimumrequired by glycol manufacturers, so thatbacteria does not start to form.

Ethylene Glycol: Considered toxic and isnot recommended for use in earthloop applications.

GS4 (Potassium acetate): Consideredhighly corrosive (especially if air is present

in the system) and has a very low surfacetension, which causes leaks throughmost mechanical ttings. This brine isnot recommended for use in earth loopapplications.

Notes:1. Consult with your representative or

distributor if you have any questionsregarding antifreeze selection or use.

2. All antifreeze suppliers and manufacturersrecommend the use of either de-ionizedor distilled water with their products.

10F (-12.2C) 15F (-9.4C) 20F (-6.7C) 25F (-3.9C)

Procool (Ethanol) 25% 22% 17% 12%

Methanol 25% 21% 16% 10%

Propylene Glycol 38% 30% 22% 15%

All antifreeze solutions are shown in pure form not premixed.

Minimum Temperature for Freeze Protection

Type of Antifreeze

Table 3: Antifreeze Percentages by Volume

Caution: Use extreme care when opening,pouring, and mixing ammable antifreezesolutions. Remote ames or electrical sparkscan ignite undiluted antifreezes and vapors.Use only in a well ventilated area. Do notsmoke when handling ammable solutions.

Failure to observe safety precautions mayresult in re, injury, or death. Never workwith 100% alcohol solutions.

Antifreeze Charging

Calculate the total amount of pipe inthe system and use table 3 to calculate

the amount of volume for each specicsection of the system. Add the entirevolume together, and multiply that volume

by the proper antifreeze percentageneeded (table 4) for the freeze protectionrequired in your area. Then, double checkcalculations during installation with theproper hydrometer and specic gravitychart (gure 14) to determine if the correct

amount of antifreeze was added.


19/26


Roth

Volume/100 ft.U.S. Gal.

Copper 1" CTS 4.1

Copper 1.25" CTS 6.4Copper 1.5" CTS 9.2

HDPE .75 SDR11 3.0

HDPE 1" SDR11 4.7

HDPE 1.25" SDR11 7.5

HDPE 1.5" SDR11 9.8

HDPE 2" SDR11 15.4

Additional component volumes:

Unit coaxial heat exchanger = 1 Gallon

Flush Cart = 8-10 Gallons

10 of 1 Rubber Hose = 0.4 Gallons

Type Size

Table 4: Pipe Fluid Volume


0.9600

0.9700

0.9800

0.9900

1.0000

1.0100

1.0200

1.0300

1.0400

1.0500

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 32

SpecificGravity

Freeze Protection (deg F)

Procool Methanol Propylene Glycol

Figure 14: Antifreeze Specic Gravity

NOTE: Most manufacturers ofantifreeze solutions recommendthe use of de-ionized water. Tapwater may include chemicalsthat could react with the anti-freeze solution.


20/26


Section 7: HDPE Pipe

High Density Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE)All earth loop piping materials shouldbe limited to only polyethylene pipeunderground. Copper, brass, galvanized,or steel pipe or ttings should not be used.For fusion applications, the HDPE pipe mustmeet IGSHPA (International Ground SourceHeat Pump Association) cell classicationrequirements (see below). The water wellindustry uses similar black HDPE 160 psi ratedpipe. However, this pipe does not allow forfusion joints. Below are the specications forthe proper geothermal HDPE pipe:

1. All pipe and heat fused materials shallbe made from high density, extra-high

molecular weight PE 3408 resin.2. The cell classication shall be 345444C as

specied in ASTM D-3350.3. Extruded pipe shall conform to the

requirements of ASTM D-3035.4. Socket ttings shall conform to the

requirements of ASTM D-2683 and ratedfor pressure equivalent to SDR-11 pipe.

5. Wall thickness of pipe shall be in

tolerance of the specications of 160 psiand SDR-11 for heat fused pipe & ttings.

Pipe Fusion MethodsThe three basic types of pipe joiningmethods that are used for earth coupledapplications are socket, butt, and sidesaddle fusion. In all processes the pipe

is melted together with the tting toform a joint that is even stronger thanthe original pipe. Although when any of

the procedures are performed properlythe joint is stronger than the pipe wall,the preferred method for 2 and smallerdiameter pipe is socket fusion because ofthe following:

1. Allowable tolerance of mating the pipe

is much greater. According to generalfusion guidelines, a 3/4 SDR11 butt fusionjoint alignment can be off by no morethan 10% of the wall thickness (0.01 in.).A hundredth of an inch accuracy whilefusing in a difcult position can be almostimpossible to attain in the eld.

2. The socket fusion joint is 3 to 4 times the

cross sectional area of a butt fusion jointin sizes under 2, and therefore tends tobe more forgiving of operator skill level.

3. Joints are frequently required in difculttrench conditions. The smaller the socketfusion iron is, the more mobile the operator

will be, which will provide less incentive tocut corners during the fusion procedure.

Once the pipe diameter gets over 2,socket fusion loses its advantages, andbutt fusion is typically the method ofchoice. Butt fusion requires a differentfusion machine, which is larger and lessmaneuverable. All technicians doingfusion joints should be certied by the pipemanufacturer as well as IGSHPA. Please seethe pipe manufacturers and IGSHPA tablesand specications for all fusion procedures.

Note: Earth loop systems require ahydrostatic test of 40-50 psi beforebacklling to test for leaks. Do not use anair test for leaks on an earth loop system.


21/26


Roth

Pressure drop calculations

When designing the earth loop andselecting the proper ow center, a pressuredrop calculation must be done to calculatehow much pumping power is needed forproper ow through the heat pump andloops. In general, if basic loop designrules are followed, systems of 3 tons or less

would require a one pump ow center, andsystem from 3.5 to 6 tons would require atwo pump ow center. As a precautionarymeasure a loop pressure drop calculationshould be performed for accurate owestimation. The pressure drop must includethe following components:

1. Heat pump at design ow rate2. Hose kit (maximum 10)3. Supply and Return header piping4. Circuit piping (only one if piped in parallel)5. Antifreeze

Once the pressure drop of the system has

been calculated at design ow rate, reviewthe ow center pump curve to select aow center that matches design criteria.There are many options with ow centersfrom one pump, two pump, three pump,four pump, and size pumps from UP26-99Fto UP26-116F. The following pages includepressure drop tables for the pipe and the

ow center pump curves.

Note: Roth has software available to assistin calculating the pressure drop of anearth coupled system along with ushing

requirements.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Flow Rate (U.S. GPM)

Ft.ofHead

1 - UP26-991 - UP26-116

2 - UP26-992 - UP26-1163 - UP26-99

Legend

Figure 17: Grundfos Pump Curves

Section 8: Flow Center Selection


22/26


Antifreeze (30F EWT): 22% by Volume Solution of Procool - freeze protected to 15F

Flow Rate

US GPM PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE

1 0.37 0.55 1029 0.13 0.35 820 0.04 0.21 630 0.02 0.16 560 0.01 0.10 450

2 1.25 1.10 2058 0.43 0.70 1640 0.13 0.43 1291 0.06 0.32 1121 0.02 0.19 854

3 2.54 1.66 3105 0.87 1.06 2483 0.27 0.64 1921 0.13 0.47 1646 0.04 0.29 1304

4 4.20 2.21 4134 1.44 1.41 3303 0.44 0.86 2581 0.21 0.63 2206 0.07 0.38 1708

5 6.21 2.76 5163 2.13 1.76 4123 0.66 1.07 3212 0.32 0.79 2766 0.10 0.48 2158

6 8.55 3.31 6191 2.94 2.11 4943 0.90 1.29 3872 0.43 0.95 3327 0.13 0.57 2563

7 11.19 3.87 7239 3.84 2.47 5786 1.18 1.50 4502 0.57 1.10 3852 0.17 0.67 3012

8 14.13 4.42 8268 4.85 2.82 6606 1.49 1.72 5163 0.72 1.26 4412 0.22 0.76 34179 17.37 4.97 9296 5.97 3.17 7426 1.84 1.93 5793 0.88 1.42 4972 0.27 0.86 3866

10 20.89 5.52 10325 7.17 3.52 8245 2.21 2.15 6453 1.06 1.58 5533 0.32 0.96 4316

11 24.67 6.08 11373 8.48 3.87 9065 2.61 2.36 7084 1.26 1.73 6058 0.38 1.05 4720

12 28.74 6.63 12401 9.87 4.23 9909 3.04 2.57 7714 1.46 1.89 6618 0.45 1.15 5170

13 11.35 4.58 10728 3.50 2.79 8374 1.68 2.05 7179 0.51 1.24 5575

14 12.93 4.93 11548 3.98 3.00 9004 1.91 2.21 7739 0.58 1.34 6024

15 14.59 5.28 12368 4.49 3.22 9665 2.16 2.36 8264 0.66 1.43 6429

16 16.32 5.64 13211 5.03 3.43 10295 2.42 2.52 8824 0.74 1.53 6878

17 18.15 5.99 14031 5.59 3.65 10955 2.69 2.68 9385 0.82 1.63 7328

18 20.07 6.34 14851 6.18 3.86 11586 2.97 2.84 9945 0.91 1.72 7733

19 22.06 6.69 15671 6.79 4.08 12246 3.27 2.99 10470 1.00 1.82 8182

20 24.13 7.04 16491 7.43 4.29 12876 3.57 3.15 11030 1.09 1.91 8587

21 26.28 7.40 17334 8.10 4.50 13507 3.89 3.31 11591 1.19 2.01 9036

22 28.51 7.75 18154 8.78 4.72 14167 4.22 3.47 12151 1.29 2.10 9441

23 30.81 8.10 18974 9.49 4.93 14797 4.57 3.62 12676 1.39 2.20 9891

24 10.22 5.15 15458 4.92 3.78 13237 1.50 2.29 10295

25 10.98 5.36 16088 5.28 3.94 13797 1.61 2.39 10745

26 11.76 5.58 16748 5.66 4.10 14357 1.73 2.49 11194

28 13.39 6.01 18039 6.44 4.41 15443 1.96 2.68 12048

30 15.11 6.44 19330 7.27 4.73 16563 2.22 2.87 12903

32 16.92 6.86 20590 8.14 5.04 17649 2.48 3.06 13757

34 18.81 7.29 21881 9.04 5.36 18769 2.76 3.25 14611

36 20.79 7.72 23171 10.00 5.67 19855 3.05 3.44 15465

38 22.85 8.15 24462 10.99 5.99 20975 3.35 3.63 16319

40 25.00 8.58 25753 12.02 6.30 22061 3.67 3.82 17174

42 27.23 9.01 27043 13.09 6.62 23181 3.99 4.02 18073

44 29.54 9.44 28334 14.20 6.93 24267 4.33 4.21 18927

46 15.35 7.25 25388 4.68 4.40 19781

48 16.54 7.57 26508 5.05 4.59 20635

50 17.76 7.88 27594 5.42 4.78 21489

2" SCH403/4" SDR11 1-1/4" SCH401" SDR11 1-1/2" SCH40

Antifreeze (30F EWT): 21% by Volume Solution of Methanol - freeze protected to 15F

Flow Rate

US GPM PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE1 0.36 0.55 1121 0.13 0.35 893 0.04 0.21 687 0.02 0.16 610 0.01 0.10 490

2 1.22 1.10 2242 0.42 0.70 1786 0.13 0.43 1406 0.06 0.32 1221 0.02 0.19 931

3 2.49 1.66 3383 0.85 1.06 2705 0.26 0.64 2093 0.13 0.47 1793 0.04 0.29 1420

4 4.11 2.21 4503 1.41 1.41 3598 0.43 0.86 2812 0.21 0.63 2403 0.06 0.38 1861

5 6.08 2.76 5624 2.09 1.76 4491 0.64 1.07 3499 0.31 0.79 3014 0.09 0.48 2351

6 8.37 3.31 6745 2.87 2.11 5385 0.88 1.29 4218 0.42 0.95 3624 0.13 0.57 2792

7 10.95 3.87 7886 3.76 2.47 6303 1.16 1.50 4905 0.56 1.10 4196 0.17 0.67 3281

8 13.83 4.42 9007 4.75 2.82 7197 1.46 1.72 5624 0.70 1.26 4807 0.22 0.76 3722

9 17.00 4.97 10128 5.84 3.17 8090 1.80 1.93 6311 0.86 1.42 5417 0.26 0.86 4212

10 20.45 5.52 11248 7.02 3.52 8983 2.16 2.15 7030 1.04 1.58 6028 0.32 0.96 4702

11 24.15 6.08 12390 8.30 3.87 9876 2.56 2.36 7717 1.23 1.73 6600 0.38 1.05 5143

12 28.13 6.63 13510 9.66 4.23 10795 2.98 2.57 8404 1.43 1.89 7210 0.44 1.15 5632

13 11.11 4.58 11688 3.42 2.79 9123 1.65 2.05 7821 0.50 1.24 6073

14 12.65 4.93 12581 3.90 3.00 9810 1.87 2.21 8431 0.57 1.34 6563

15 14.28 5.28 13474 4.40 3.22 10529 2.12 2.36 9003 0.65 1.43 7004

16 15.98 5.64 14393 4.92 3.43 11216 2.37 2.52 9614 0.72 1.53 7494

17 17.77 5.99 15286 5.47 3.65 11935 2.63 2.68 10224 0.80 1.63 7983

18 19.64 6.34 16179 6.05 3.86 12622 2.91 2.84 10834 0.89 1.72 8424

19 21.59 6.69 17073 6.65 4.08 13341 3.20 2.99 11407 0.98 1.82 8914

20 23.62 7.04 17966 7.27 4.29 14028 3.50 3.15 12017 1.07 1.91 9355

21 25.72 7.40 18884 7.93 4.50 14715 3.81 3.31 12627 1.16 2.01 9844

22 27.90 7.75 19778 8.60 4.72 15434 4.13 3.47 13238 1.26 2.10 1028523 30.16 8.10 20671 9.29 4.93 16121 4.47 3.62 13810 1.36 2.20 10775

24 10.01 5.15 16840 4.81 3.78 14420 1.47 2.29 11216

25 10.75 5.36 17527 5.17 3.94 15031 1.58 2.39 11706

26 11.51 5.58 18246 5.54 4.10 15641 1.69 2.49 12195

28 13.11 6.01 19652 6.30 4.41 16824 1.92 2.68 13126

30 14.79 6.44 21058 7.11 4.73 18044 2.17 2.87 14057

32 16.56 6.86 22432 7.96 5.04 19227 2.43 3.06 14987

34 18.41 7.29 23838 8.85 5.36 20448 2.70 3.25 15918

36 20.35 7.72 25244 9.79 5.67 21630 2.99 3.44 16848

38 22.37 8.15 26650 10.76 5.99 22851 3.28 3.63 17779

40 24.47 8.58 28056 11.77 6.30 24034 3.59 3.82 18709

42 26.65 9.01 29462 12.81 6.62 25255 3.91 4.02 19689

44 28.91 9.44 30868 13.90 6.93 26437 4.24 4.21 20620

46 15.03 7.25 27658 4.59 4.40 21550

48 16.19 7.57 28879 4.94 4.59 22481

50 17.39 7.88 30061 5.31 4.78 23411

2" SCH403/4" SDR11 1" SDR11 1-1/4" SCH40 1-1/2" SCH40

Table 5: Procool (Ethanol)

Table 6: Methanol



23/26


Roth

Table 7: Propylene Glycol

Table 8: Water

Antifreeze (30F EWT): 30% by Volume Solution of Propylene Glycol - freeze protected to 15F

Flow Rate

US GPM PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE

1 0.43 0.55 584 0.15 0.35 466 0.05 0.21 358 0.02 0.16 318 0.01 0.10 255

2 1.44 1.10 1169 0.49 0.70 932 0.15 0.43 733 0.07 0.32 637 0.02 0.19 485

3 2.92 1.66 1764 1.00 1.06 1411 0.31 0.64 1091 0.15 0.47 935 0.05 0.29 741

4 4.84 2.21 2348 1.66 1.41 1876 0.51 0.86 1466 0.25 0.63 1253 0.08 0.38 970

5 7.15 2.76 2933 2.46 1.76 2342 0.76 1.07 1824 0.36 0.79 1572 0.11 0.48 1226

6 9.84 3.31 3517 3.38 2.11 2808 1.04 1.29 2200 0.50 0.95 1890 0.15 0.57 1456

7 12.89 3.87 4112 4.42 2.47 3287 1.36 1.50 2558 0.66 1.10 2188 0.20 0.67 1711

8 16.28 4.42 4697 5.59 2.82 3753 1.72 1.72 2933 0.83 1.26 2506 0.25 0.76 19419 20.01 4.97 5281 6.87 3.17 4218 2.12 1.93 3291 1.02 1.42 2825 0.31 0.86 2196

10 24.06 5.52 5866 8.26 3.52 4684 2.54 2.15 3666 1.22 1.58 3143 0.37 0.96 2452

11 28.42 6.08 6461 9.76 3.87 5150 3.01 2.36 4024 1.45 1.73 3441 0.44 1.05 2682

12 11.37 4.23 5629 3.50 2.57 4382 1.68 1.89 3760 0.51 1.15 2937

13 13.08 4.58 6095 4.03 2.79 4757 1.94 2.05 4078 0.59 1.24 3167

14 14.89 4.93 6560 4.59 3.00 5115 2.20 2.21 4396 0.67 1.34 3422

15 16.80 5.28 7026 5.17 3.22 5490 2.49 2.36 4695 0.76 1.43 3652

16 18.80 5.64 7505 5.79 3.43 5848 2.79 2.52 5013 0.85 1.53 3908

17 20.91 5.99 7971 6.44 3.65 6224 3.10 2.68 5331 0.94 1.63 4163

18 23.11 6.34 8437 7.12 3.86 6582 3.42 2.84 5650 1.04 1.72 4393

19 25.41 6.69 8903 7.82 4.08 6957 3.76 2.99 5948 1.15 1.82 4648

20 27.80 7.04 9368 8.56 4.29 7315 4.12 3.15 6266 1.26 1.91 4878

21 30.27 7.40 9847 9.33 4.50 7673 4.48 3.31 6585 1.37 2.01 5133

22 10.11 4.72 8048 4.86 3.47 6903 1.48 2.10 5363

23 10.94 4.93 8406 5.26 3.62 7201 1.60 2.20 5619

24 11.78 5.15 8781 5.66 3.78 7519 1.73 2.29 5849

25 12.65 5.36 9139 6.08 3.94 7838 1.86 2.39 6104

26 13.55 5.58 9514 6.51 4.10 8156 1.99 2.49 6359

28 15.42 6.01 10248 7.42 4.41 8773 2.26 2.68 6845

30 17.40 6.44 10981 8.37 4.73 9409 2.55 2.87 7330

32 19.49 6.86 11697 9.37 5.04 10026 2.86 3.06 7815

34 21.67 7.29 12430 10.42 5.36 10663 3.18 3.25 8300

36 23.95 7.72 13163 11.52 5.67 11279 3.51 3.44 8786

38 26.32 8.15 13897 12.66 5.99 11916 3.86 3.63 9271

40 28.80 8.58 14630 13.85 6.30 12532 4.23 3.82 9756

42 15.08 6.62 13169 4.60 4.02 10267

44 16.36 6.93 13786 4.99 4.21 10752

46 17.68 7.25 14422 5.40 4.40 11237

48 19.05 7.57 15059 5.81 4.59 11723

50 20.46 7.88 15676 6.24 4.78 12208


Water -- No Antifreeze (50F EWT)

Flow Rate

US GPM PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE1 0.23 0.55 6760 0.08 0.35 5387 0.02 0.21 4142 0.01 0.16 3681 0.00 0.10 2954

2 0.78 1.10 13520 0.27 0.70 10774 0.08 0.43 8481 0.04 0.32 7363 0.01 0.19 5613

3 1.59 1.66 20402 0.54 1.06 16315 0.17 0.64 12622 0.08 0.47 10814 0.02 0.29 8567

4 2.62 2.21 27162 0.90 1.41 21703 0.28 0.86 16961 0.13 0.63 14496 0.04 0.38 11225

5 3.88 2.76 33922 1.33 1.76 27090 0.41 1.07 21103 0.20 0.79 18177 0.06 0.48 14179

6 5.34 3.31 40682 1.83 2.11 32477 0.56 1.29 25442 0.27 0.95 21859 0.08 0.57 16838

7 6.99 3.87 47565 2.40 2.47 38018 0.74 1.50 29583 0.36 1.10 25310 0.11 0.67 19792

8 8.83 4.42 54325 3.03 2.82 43405 0.93 1.72 33922 0.45 1.26 28992 0.14 0.76 22451

9 10.85 4.97 61085 3.73 3.17 48792 1.15 1.93 38064 0.55 1.42 32673 0.17 0.86 25405

10 13.05 5.52 67844 4.48 3.52 54179 1.38 2.15 42403 0.66 1.58 36355 0.20 0.96 28359

11 15.41 6.08 74727 5.30 3.87 59567 1.63 2.36 46544 0.78 1.73 39806 0.24 1.05 31017

12 17.95 6.63 81487 6.16 4.23 65108 1.90 2.57 50686 0.91 1.89 43487 0.28 1.15 33971

13 7.09 4.58 70495 2.18 2.79 55025 1.05 2.05 47169 0.32 1.24 36630

14 8.07 4.93 75882 2.49 3.00 59167 1.20 2.21 50850 0.36 1.34 39584

15 9.11 5.28 81269 2.81 3.22 63505 1.35 2.36 54302 0.41 1.43 42243

16 10.20 5.64 86810 3.14 3.43 67647 1.51 2.52 57983 0.46 1.53 45197

17 11.34 5.99 92197 3.49 3.65 71986 1.68 2.68 61665 0.51 1.63 48151

18 12.53 6.34 97585 3.86 3.86 76128 1.86 2.84 65346 0.57 1.72 50810

19 13.78 6.69 102972 4.24 4.08 80467 2.04 2.99 68798 0.62 1.82 53764

20 15.07 7.04 108359 4.64 4.29 84608 2.23 3.15 72479 0.68 1.91 56422

21 16.41 7.40 113900 5.06 4.50 88750 2.43 3.31 76161 0.74 2.01 59376

22 17.80 7.75 119287 5.48 4.72 93089 2.64 3.47 79842 0.81 2.10 6203523 19.25 8.10 124674 5.93 4.93 97230 2.85 3.62 83293 0.87 2.20 64989

24 6.39 5.15 101569 3.07 3.78 86975 0.94 2.29 67648

25 6.86 5.36 105711 3.30 3.94 90656 1.01 2.39 70602

26 7.35 5.58 110050 3.53 4.10 94338 1.08 2.49 73556

28 8.36 6.01 118530 4.02 4.41 101471 1.23 2.68 79168

30 9.44 6.44 127011 4.54 4.73 108834 1.38 2.87 84781

32 10.57 6.86 135294 5.08 5.04 115967 1.55 3.06 90394

34 11.75 7.29 143775 5.65 5.36 123330 1.72 3.25 96006

36 12.99 7.72 152255 6.24 5.67 130462 1.91 3.44 101619

38 14.27 8.15 160736 6.86 5.99 137825 2.10 3.63 107232

40 15.61 8.58 169216 7.51 6.30 144958 2.29 3.82 112844

42 17.01 9.01 177697 8.18 6.62 152321 2.49 4.02 118753

44 18.45 9.44 186178 8.87 6.93 159454 2.71 4.21 124365

46 19.94 9.87 194658 9.59 7.25 166817 2.93 4.40 129978

48 10.33 7.57 174180 3.15 4.59 135591

50 11.09 7.88 181313 3.39 4.78 141203




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Table 9: Hose Kit Pressure Drop

1" Rubber Hose Pressure Drop per 100ft of Pipe Table

Flow Rate

US GPM PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE PD (ft) Vel (ft/s) RE

1 0.13 0.35 820 0.13 0.35 893 0.15 0.35 466 0.12 0.35 923

2 0.43 0.70 1640 0.42 0.70 1786 0.49 0.70 932 0.42 0.70 1847

3 0.87 1.06 2483 0.85 1.06 2705 1.00 1.06 1411 0.85 1.06 2796

4 1.44 1.41 3303 1.41 1.41 3598 1.66 1.41 1876 1.40 1.41 3720

5 2.13 1.76 4123 2.09 1.76 4491 2.46 1.76 2342 2.07 1.76 4643

6 2.94 2.11 4943 2.87 2.11 5385 3.38 2.11 2808 2.85 2.11 55677 3.84 2.47 5786 3.76 2.47 6303 4.42 2.47 3287 3.73 2.47 6516

8 4.85 2.82 6606 4.75 2.82 7197 5.59 2.82 3753 4.71 2.82 7440

9 5.97 3.17 7426 5.84 3.17 8090 6.87 3.17 4218 5.79 3.17 8363

10 7.17 3.52 8245 7.02 3.52 8983 8.26 3.52 4684 6.96 3.52 9286

11 8.48 3.87 9065 8.30 3.87 9876 9.76 3.87 5150 8.23 3.87 10210

12 9.87 4.23 9909 9.66 4.23 10795 11.37 4.23 5629 9.58 4.23 11160

13 11.35 4.58 10728 11.11 4.58 11688 13.08 4.58 6095 11.02 4.58 12083

14 12.93 4.93 11548 12.65 4.93 12581 14.89 4.93 6560 12.55 4.93 13006

15 14.59 5.28 12368 14.28 5.28 13474 16.80 5.28 7026 14.16 5.28 13930

16 16.32 5.64 13211 15.98 5.64 14393 18.80 5.64 7505 15.85 5.64 14879

17 18.15 5.99 14031 17.77 5.99 15286 20.91 5.99 7971 17.62 5.99 15803

18 20.07 6.34 14851 19.64 6.34 16179 23.11 6.34 8437 19.48 6.34 16726

19 22.06 6.69 15671 21.59 6.69 17073 25.41 6.69 8903 21.41 6.69 17650

20 24.13 7.04 16491 23.62 7.04 17966 27.80 7.04 9368 23.42 7.04 18573

*NOTES:

1. Procool is at 22% by volume; Methanol is at 21% by volume; Propylene Glycol is at 30% by volume.

2. Percentage by volume, shown above is 15F freeze protection.

3. All fluids with antifreeze are shown at 30F; water is at 50F.

Methanol* Propylene Glycol*Procool (Ethanol)* Water*



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P.O. Box 245

Syracuse, NY 13211

888-266-7684 US

800-969-7684 CAN

866-462-2914 FAX

www.roth-america.com

[email protected]

*AHRI certication is shown as the Roth brand under the Enertech Manufacturing certication reference number**Roth Industries geothermal heat pumps are shown as a multiple listing of Enertech Manufacturings ETL certication

*** Roth geothermal heat p mps are listed as a brand nder Enertech Man fact rings Energ Star ratings

*

*****

Heat Pumps Flow Center and Loop Install Guide (1)

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