Heat pump presentation
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Transcript of Heat pump presentation
![Page 1: Heat pump presentation](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061217/54b59cc34a7959a24a8b4599/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
11
Heat Pumps and the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI)
By Graham Johnson
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27% of UK CO2 emissions come from domestic heating, lighting & appliances
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How does a heat pump work??
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Heat Pumps
● Defined by where the low grade heat is sourced from
– Ground (8oC to 12oC)... source heat pump
– Air (30oC to -15oC)... source heat pump
– Water (4oC-10oC)... source heat pump
● Concentrates low grade heat (-15oC to 12oC) to provide useful heat for space heating and hot water in your home up to 55oC
● Contrary to popular belief heat pumps are capable of covering entire space/pool heating AND hot water loads annually if required
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What is COP?
● Heat pump efficiency is measured using the parameter CoP
● CoP = “Coefficient of Performance
Total energy output (KWh) CoP = ------------------------------------
Electrical input (KWh)
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Heat Pump efficiencies
● Electric Heater – COP 1.0!
● Ground Source – Seasonal COP’s 4.5
– Horizontal collector
– Borehole – closed
● Water Source – Seasonal COP’s 5.5
– Horizontal collector eg lake, river, canal
– Borehole – open
● Air Source – Seasonal COP’s 3.5
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● Design/installation considerations:– Budget
– Heat loss of building
– Retrofitting can be disruptive
– Emitter requirements
– Available land and access for the ground loops
– Existing utility supplies: 16kW largest on single phase
– Soil type (wet clay = good, dry sand = bad)
– Need large plant room to accommodate pump, buffer tank and pipework
– Can also provide cooling
Ground Source Heat Pumps
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Ground source heat pumps – typical excavation
Ground collectors
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GSHP - sources of heat from the ground
Boreholes
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Large installation: 32kW Viessmann, 200l buffer 500l DHW with LPG backup
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Community installation: 16kW Vaillant GSHP
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● Design/installation considerations:– Require planning permission
– Require space for outdoor unit and space for plant
– Monobloc or split
– Cheaper and easier to integrate than GSHP
– High temp ASHP can be integrated with existing emitter system
– Low temp ASHP will require special tank for hot water and emitter such as UFH
– Work well in cities/multiple unit scenarios
– Design and sizing KEY (a 16kW ASHP only produces 16KW when it is 7 degrees at -5 it will produce 12kW)
– Noise considerations
Air Source Heat Pumps
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8kW Air Source Heat Pump: Domestic application
Daikin Altherma 8kW installation - Lindford
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Twin 16kW Air Source Heat Pump: Industrial application
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● Underfloor Heating
● Convention Radiators
● Special ‘Low temperature’ radiators
How to get heat into the building?
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Example:- Existing 5 bedroom house, existing radiators, double glazed, average insulation, possibility of mains gas, daily family use. Annual energy usage = 36,000kWh
●Oil fuel bill = £2,160 Pa (6p/kWh)
●Gas fuel bill = £1,440 Pa (4p/kWh)
●ASHP fuel bill = £1,340 Pa (3.7p/kWh)
●GSHP fuel bill = £1,170 Pa (3.25p/kWh)
Note: No FIT benefits included only efficiency savings
Running costs comparison
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● The concept of the RHI has been around since April 2010 but it was only officially announced in March 2011
● Aim is to encourage people to switch to renewable heat source from fossil fuels
● Many aspects still to be clarified !
● 2 phases:-
– first phase began in Aug 2011
– second phase begins in October 2012
● Phase one: long term tariff support targeted in the non-domestic sectors (industrial, business and public sectors). There is also support for households through the RHPP (Renewable Heat Premium Payment)
● Phase two will see households moved to long-term tariff support.
● See www.energysavingtrust.org.uk
Renewable Heat Incentive
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● To qualify for RHI installation will have to be OFGEM accredited. Ofgem will determine whether an installation meets criteria such as acceptable heat use and metering arrangements
● Projects under 45kW will have to use MCS accredited products and MCS accredited installers
● Owner will have obligations:
Maintain equipment
To provide information to Ofgem
To allow inspection
Eligibility Criteria
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Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI)
● RHPP (Renewable Heat Premium Payment) vouchers available - basically a one off payment for 2011/12 until they have sorted out the level of annual RHI.
● Those who take up RHPP will be eligible for RHI tariff from October 2012
● RHI will be backdated for accredited systems installed from 15th July 2009 (but no RHPP available for these systems)
● Eligible technologies and tariff rates - see table
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RHPP
Technology Voucher value
Ground Source Heat Pump* £1250
Air Source Heat Pump* £850
Solar Thermal £300
Biomass* £950
* You can only apply if you do not currently use gas as your main heating fuel
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2121
Question Time
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● The following technologies are eligible
Ground Source/Water Source Heat Pumps
Solar Thermal
Biomass Boilers
Anaerobic digesters
● Heat will be metered and support calculated from the amount of eligible heat multiplied by the tariff rate.
● The tariffs will payable quarterly over a 20 year period
● Owner of the system will have to apply to Ofgem for the RHI support. Application will be online, by post or over the phone.
Commercial tariff – how it works
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Commercial RHI Tariff Rates
Technology SScale STariff Level TaTariff Lifetime
Small Ground Source
<100kW 4.3p 20 yrs
Large Ground Source
100kW 3p 20 yrs
Solar Thermal Less than 200KW 8.5p 20 yrs
Small Biomass Less than 200kW Tier 17.6p
Tier 21.9p
20 yrs
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Heat Pumps – The “heat pump cycle”
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630kW ASHP Chicken shed installation
• 17,500sqm floor area• 73km of UFH pipe• 280,000 warm chicks
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● Chris Huhne has announced that the UK will reduce Carbon emissions by 50% (from 1990 levels) by 2025.
● One technology alone will not provide the solution. A mixture of required but heat solutions are key – look at the following graph.
Introduction