Heart Diesease

8/6/2019 Heart Diesease

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Tunggadewi J,Sutrisno,Toha Mubarok012106287,012106286,012106288

Group 19Medicine Faculty of Sultan Agung

Semarang, Indonesia


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Definitiony Heart dieseases or Cardiovascular disease are the class

of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels(arteries andveins) Still have relation withatherosclerosis (arterial disease).

y These conditions usually have similar causes,mechanisms, and treatments.

y Degenerative diseases, still related with life style.


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WHYI MUST KNOW THIS ?

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are often linkedto cardiovascular disease In fact,cardiovascular disease is the most lifethreatening of the diabetic complications anddiabetics are two- to four-fold more likely todie of cardiovascular-related causes thannondiabetics.

Heart failure occurs when the heart is notable to pump blood through the body as well asit should. This means that other organs, which

normally get blood from the heart, do not getenough blood. It does not mean that the heartstops.

yWhich mean..late for

treatment...your dead is coming soon!


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ARTHEROSCLEROSIS ?


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How do I know if I have that ?y Signs of heart failure include:y Shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air)

y Red blood cellbring oxygen for your bodyyour body didnthave enoughred blood cell flow disturbedby plaque thatblocking the artery

y Swelling in feet, ankles, and legs

y Extreme tiredness


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Heart disease often has nosymptoms. But, there are

some signs to watch for.

Chest or arm pain or

discomfort can be a

symptom of heart disease

and a warning sign of a

heart attack.

Shortness of breath

(feeling like you can't get

enough air), dizziness,

nausea (feeling sick to

your stomach), abnormal

heartbeats, or feeling

very tired also are signs.


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Example of classification (to determine righttheraphy)

The Stages of Heart Failure NYHA Classification In order to determine the best course of oftherapy, physicians often assess the stage of heart failure according to the New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional classification system. This system relates symptoms to everyday activities and thepatient's quality of life.

y ClassPatient Symptoms

y Class I (Mild)

No limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation,or dyspnea (shortness of breath).

y Class II (Mild)Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity results infatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.

y Class III (Moderate)Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causesfatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.

y Class IV (Severe)Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest.If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort is increased.


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HOW TO GET A RELIABLE DIAGNOSIS

Diabetes. Increases your risk of cardiovascular death threefold, especially whenyou are aged 35 to 65. The reason: The protection of estrogen is canceled outbecause high sugar levels alter the artery-clotting "bad" cholesterol to acceleratehardening of the arteries, according to Miller.

Family history. The earlier your parents, brothers, or sisters have a heart attackor stroke, the higher your risk, especially if your mother was under 65 or your

father was under 55 at the time. Age. You're at a higher-than-aver age risk if you are over 51 or in premature

menopause without estrogen replacement.

High blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure (anything above 140/90),you're more than three times as likely to have cardiac disease.

Smoking. Nicotine reduces estrogen levels and places you at four to five timesgreater risk of heart disease than nonsmokers. If you are over 35, smoke, and

take oral contraceptives, you may have 10 times the risk of heart disease. Overweight. Even modest weight gains (about 11 pounds more than your weight

at age 18) are associated with an important increase in risk of heart disease,according to a recent Harvard University study. Also, the bigger your waist inproportion to your hips, the greater your risk.

HDL levels below 35-45. The lower your high density lipoproteins (HDL)--theartery-clearing "good" cholesterol--the higher your risk of heart disease.


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Simple Review


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PREVENTIONy Know your blood pressure.Years ofhigh blood pressure canlead to heart disease. People withhigh blood pressure often have

no symptoms, so have your bloodpressure checked every 1 to 2years and get treatment if youneed it.

y Don't smoke. If you smoke, try

to quit.If you're having troublequitting, there are products and

programs that can help:y Nicotine patches and gums

y Support groups

y

Programs to help you stop smoking


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C ont.

y Take action to reduce heartdisease risk:

y Be physically active

y Don't smoke

y Eat healthyy Maintain a normal weight

y Get moving. Exercise can helplower LDL ("bad cholesterol") andraise HDL ("good cholesterol").

Exercise at a moderate intensity forat least 2 hours and 30 minutes eachweek, or get 1 hour and 15 minutesof vigorous intensity physical activityeach week.


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DO YOU KNOW ?

That Woman have special case ? (due

to statistic/epidemology) Many Experts Claim There Is No Gender

Bias The gender notion has recentlybeen challenged by a study conductedby Daniel B. Mark, M.D., assistantprofessor of medicine, division ofcardiology, Duke University Medical

Center, in Durham, North Carolina.Mark looked at the attitudes of 15cardiologists who sent 280 men and130 women for exercise tests forsuspected heart disease.

"A deficiency of estrogen beforemenopause places these females ona high-risk path, regardless of whetherthey get estrogen treatment aftermenopause," said Jay Kaplan, aprofessor of comparative medicine atWake Forest, speaking at the NorthAmerican Menopause Society meeting

in Orlando, Florida in September2000.SOURCE :

WHO


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So ?


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Heart Diesease

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