Chuuk State Separation Initiative For a Modern, Healthy, and Productive Chuuk.
Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people
description
Transcript of Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people
![Page 1: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Healthy animals equalshealthy, productive people
Lorne A Babiuk University of Alberta
Livestock-based options for sustainable food and nutritional security, economic well-being and healthy lives
ILRI@40 Conference
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 6–7 November 2014
![Page 2: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Global challenges• Currently 1 billion people go to bed hungry• By 2050 predict 2 billion more people• Land resources decreasing• Climate change• Agriculture investments decreased in 2000• Increase in food prices• Increased need for protein• Developing world increased demand for
animal protein
![Page 3: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Global Challenges (cont.)• Livestock are a reliable cash income• Raise production of milk, meat and fish• 500 million smallholders support 2 billion
people• Almost 2/3 of poor smallholder livestock
keepers are women• Technology adoption may be a challenge but
also a saviour• Healthy animals = healthy food = healthy
productive people = increased economic stability
![Page 4: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gains in meat consumption in developingcountries are outpacing those of developed
FAO 2006
![Page 5: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
70% of the world’s livestock (18.5 billion head) are in developing countries and the share is growing
FAO
Livestock in developing countries
![Page 6: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Density of poor livestock keepers
One billion people earning <$2 a day depend on livestock:• 600 million in South Asia• 300 million in sub-Saharan Africa
0 or no data
Density of poor livestock keepers
ILRI, 2012
Livestock keepers in developing countries
![Page 7: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BMGF, FAO and ILRI
Smallholders still dominate production in many counties
Percent of production from smallholders
![Page 8: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Challenges• Mortality due to infections• Limits areas for raising livestock• Economic coats - animals - humans
![Page 9: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Economic Impact of
Animal Diseases• Rinderpest - limited trade/exports• BSE – UK $ 2.5 billion direct compensation• BSE – Canada $ 1 billion direct
compensation • FMD (2001) $ 6 – 30 billion• SARS (2003) $100 billion• Influenza annually • Ebola – currently causing devastation• Emerging diseases -- unknown economic
losses
![Page 10: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Currently over 70% of New
or Emerging Diseases
are Zoonotic
![Page 11: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Zoonosis
• Economic consequences to farms/producers• International trade barriers• Price of food• Human health
![Page 12: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Transmission from Humans to Animals and Back
![Page 13: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Biotechnology in the
Developed world
Biotechnology in the
Developing world
![Page 14: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Genomic approaches to Animal
Health• Vaccination• Breeding disease resistant animals• Marker assisted management high quality carcasses
![Page 15: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
VACCINES
“Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective approaches for the management of infectious disease”
![Page 16: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The problem
![Page 17: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The solution• Develop thermal stable vaccines• Protection in multiple species• Employ as vectors for other pathogens• Result in protection from disease in target
species• Result in protection of humans• Result in increased economic benefit
![Page 18: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Etiology The Capripoxvirus Group
LUMPY SKIN DISEASE
SHEEP POX GOAT POX
No Known Wildlife ReservoirLimited Host Range
97% similar at the genetic levelCapripoxviruses have no serotypes
![Page 19: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Removal of virulence gene
![Page 20: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Figure 6: Clinical signs and gross pathology following vaccination (1 x 102.3 pfu) and challenge in sheep and goats at 10 days post-challenge. (A) Conjunctivitis in unvaccinated sheep; (B and C) lack
of pox lesions in vaccinated sheep and goats, respectively, are in contrast to pox lesions seen in unvaccinated goats (D) and sheep (F) at the same time point. Nasal and mucosal discharges were
also observed in unvaccinated animals (E).
![Page 22: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
X
Schematic showing the generation of the KO_1 vaccine construct containing protective antigen genes of RVFV and PPRV. The protective glycoproteins (GnGc) of RVFV and the fusion (F) protein of PPRV were inserted into the selected target site of
the KO_1 genome.
C
Stage 2: Generation of the KO_1 vectored RVF-PPR vaccine construct.
![Page 23: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Genetics can improve production
• Classical breeding/selection
• Biotechnology
![Page 25: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Agriculture• Knowledge of the genetic
variants that affect livestock health and productivity can assist with breeding efforts aimed at improving these traits.
• Or with precision management by genotype
5% improvement in feed efficiency = $300,000,000
![Page 27: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Genomics in Livestock?• Parentage or the origin of a piece of meat• To identify carriers of a genetic disease• To manage “genetic health”/diversity (dF)• To determine the genetic potential of an
animal at birth• E.g.
– The carcass grade of a steer/ pig– A sire’s ability to breed prolific daughters– An animals ability to tolerate environmental or disease challenge
(robustness)
![Page 28: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bovine Macro-array
![Page 29: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Determining which alleles are present (genotyping)
• Genotyping chips can be used to determine which SNPs are present in an individual’s genome.
![Page 30: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Opportunity
• Converting DNA sequence into useful genotyping tools
• Analyzing thousands of animals to convert genotypes into predictions
• Converting genetic code into decision support tools to improve the efficiency of quality meat and milk production
• To tailor raw material to markets
![Page 31: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Marker Assisted Management
Is this the best use of our beef?
![Page 32: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Marker Assisted Management: cont’d
High Quality Carcass
Feedlot
![Page 33: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Marker Assisted Management: cont’d
![Page 34: Healthy animals equals healthy, productive people](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062405/557da169d8b42a34288b4b43/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conclusion• Increasing food security is critical• Technology is available to benefit society• Adoption of technology may be a challenge• Developing world is poised for great human
development opportunities and challenges• Healthy animals =healthy people= healthy
environment=stable economic environments