Nordost Sort Fut-eng · Title: Nordost Sort Fut-eng.indd Created Date: 4/14/2014 2:11:54 PM
Health+Authority+Parents+Guide+Eng.indd[1]
Transcript of Health+Authority+Parents+Guide+Eng.indd[1]
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Acknowledgement 5
The Purpose of this guide 7
Hand washing 8
Not All Bugs are Created Equal 9
Use Antibiotics Wisely 10
Fever 12
Cold / Runny Nose 15
Flu (Influenza) 18
Sore Throat 20
Ear Ache 22
Cough 25
Sinus Infection 28
Table of Contents
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Name of the student: Muhra Hamed Ahmad AlZuabi / School: Albateen School 3rd Grade.
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Name of the student: Mariam Muhammed AlSuwaidi / School: Albateen Scientific Private School
- 2nd Grade
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The Purpose of this guide
To help parents cope with common childhood infections such as colds,flu,sore throats, earaches and other respiratory tract infections.
Remember
Hand washing is the best way to stop the spread of respiratory tract infections.
Both viruses and bacteria cause respiratory tract infections, but antibioticsonly work against bacteria. Antibiotics do not work against viruses.
Use antibiotics wisely to prevent bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics
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Hand Washing
Hand washing is the best way to stop the spread of respiratory
tract infections. 80% of common infections are spread by hands.
When to wash your hands:
Before meals
Before breastfeeding
After using the toilet or helping your child use the toilet
After changing diapers
After blowing your nose or wiping your childs nose
After playing with toys shared with other children
How to wash hands:
Use soap and water. Washing with water alone does not get rid of germs
Wet your hands
Apply soap. Do not use antibacterial soap
Rub your hands together for at least 20 seconds (or the time it takes to sing
Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star) Rinse your hands for 10 seconds
Dry your hands with a towel
What you should do:
Expect doctors, dentists, nurses and therapists to wash their hands before
they examine you or your child
Make sure soap is available in the washroom of your childs school andyour workplace
Make sure that childcare sites have places for adults and children to wash
their hands
Use regular soap. Antibacterial soap is not needed because it promotes
bacterial resistance
Teach by example
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Not all Bugs are Created Equal
Both viruses and bacteria cause infections, but antibiotics only workagainst bacteria.
Viral Infections:
Include colds, flu, croup, laryngitis, chest colds (bronchitis) and most sore
throats
Are more contagious than bacterial infections (If more than one person in the
family has the same illness, odds are it is a viral infection.)
Can make you just as sick as bacterial infections
Usually get better in 4-5 days but it might take as long as three weeks to fully
recover
Antibiotics do not work against viruses
Bacterial Infections:
Are less common than viral infections Do not spread as easily from one person to another as viral infections Cause infections such as pneumonia and strep throat
Antibiotics do work against most bacteria
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Use Antibiotics Wisely
What Is Antibiotic Resistance:
Using antibiotics when they are not needed (for example for colds andflu) canlead to antibiotic resistance.
Bacteria have antibiotic resistance when they cannot be killed by anantibiotic.
Remember, it is the bacteria that are resistant - NOT YOU! Even very healthypeople who have never taken antibiotics can become infected with antibioticresistant bacteria from other sources.
What you should do:
Do not expect to get antibiotics for every respiratory tract infection. Most ofthese infections are caused by viruses and antibiotics will not work.
Let your doctor decide if an antibiotic is needed and which antibiotic is best.
Be patient when you (or your child) have cold symptoms, cough or a sore
throat. Most viral illnesses will take 4 - 5 days before getting better and up to3 weeks for a full recovery.
Always wash your hands after being with someone who is sick. Remind othersto wash their hands.
Avoid a battle with SUPER RESISTANT BUG. Use antibiotics wisely!
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Name of the student: Omran Ali Hasan / School: Muhammed Bin AlQasem for Basic Education School
3rd Grade
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Fever
What is fever?
Your childs temperature depends on where it is measured.
Fever
Helps the body fight infection
Occurs with most respiratory tract infections
Can occur with both viral and bacterial infections
Treatment
Give acetaminophen also known as paracetamol (Adol , Panadol,
Tempra, Tylenol , Calpol or generic brands).
Do not give ASA (Aspirin).
Keep child cool but do not allow your child to shiver.
Dress your child in lightweight clothing and keep room temperature about 20 C.
Offer cool fluids or popsicles to your child every hour when awake.
Tip: When fever is reduced in children with viral infections, they usually feelbetter. Children with bacterial infections still feel miserable even when theirfever is brought down.
MethodYour child has fever ifhis/ her body temperatureequals or is higher than
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See the doctor if your child has a fever and:
Is less than six months of age
Fever lasts more than 48 hours and does not go down when acetaminophenis given.
Fever lasts more than 3 days
Has a rash
Has diarrhea and vomiting
Acetaminophen (Adol , Panadol, Tempra, Tylenol , Calpol or genericbrands) is recommended to reduce fever and pain in children. Do not give aspirinproducts (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA, Aspirin) as they can increase the risk ofReyes Syndrome, a serious condition that can damage the liver and brain.
It is important to keep these drugs locked in a cupboard that is child proof.
Check the package label to find out how much medication your child needs
Do not give children acetaminophen products that are made for adults. Some
products for adults and older children may contain too much acetaminophen
for a younger child.
Consult with the pharmacistor physician to find out the
right dose for your
childs weight or age.Your childs behavior, rather than the fever, ismore important for letting you know when toworry.
Go to the emergency department if your childhas a fever and any of the following symptoms:
Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose
Blue lips Limp or unable to move Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or
unresponsive Stiff neck Seems confused Seizure
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Nameofthestudent:Shamma
SageerMuhammedRashidAlmansouri/School:Alkhitm
forBasicand
SecondaryEducationSchool/girls
3rdGrade
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Cold / Runny Nose
Colds are caused by viruses. There are about
200 different viruses that cause colds. Childrencan get 8 - 10 colds per year. Adults get fewercolds because they have built up immunityagainst some of the viruses. Antibiotics do notwork against cold viruses.
Prevention
Wash your hands to prevent spread of viruses. Teach your children to wash their hands.
Wash toys that are shared with others.
Symptoms
Runny nose, sore throat, sneezing, cough and,at the beginning, headache, fever and watery eyes.
Fluid from the nose is clear at first but turns thick yellow or green within 2 - 3days. This does not mean it is a bacterial infection.
Children might have a cough, which is worse at night. A cold usually lasts for 4 - 7 days. It might take as long as three weeks to fully
recover.
Treatment
Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soupwill help the nose to drain.
Give acetaminophen for fever (see Fever). Allow your child to get plenty of rest. Use salt-water (saline) nose drops to treat stuffiness and cough, especially for
infants and toddlers (1-3 years). Use commercial salt-water drops or spray
or make your own. A decongestant or cough syrup might help symptoms but will not shorten the
length of the cold.
Note: Decongestants and cough syrup might also containacetaminophen. Read labels carefully and check with your pharmacistto avoid overdosing.
To prevent infecting others, caregivers should wash their hands often.
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See your doctor if. . .
Fever returns or symptoms worsen 5-10 days after first becoming sick.
Yellow or green nasal discharge lasts longer than 10 days.
Salt Water Drops
125 ml (4 oz or half cup) warm water
(one quarter) tsp table salt
Mix well.
Prepare fresh every day.
Position child so that head is slightly back.
Use a medicine dropper to put 1 - 2 drops in each nostril.
Repeat 4 to 5 times per day.
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Nameofthestudent:Ham
daIsmailAbdoullahAlmans
ouri/School:AlbateenScien
tificSchool2ndGrade
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Flu (Influenza)
Influenza or flu is caused by a virus. Adults with the flu can spread the virus to
others for 3-5 days after symptoms begin. Children with the flu can spread thevirus to others for up to 7 days. The flu season usually starts in November or
December and ends in April or May. Occasionally the flu might lead to
pneumonia.
Prevention
Consult with your family doctor to see if a flu vaccination is right for you.
Wash your hands, especially after you are with someone who is sick. Teach
your child about hand washing.
Teach your child to cough into a tissue. Throw away used tissues
promptly.
Symptoms
Fever / chills
Headache
Feeling tired / body aches Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Cough / sneezing
Treatment
Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soup will
help the nose to drain and will relax the airways. Allow your child to get plenty of rest. Keep your child at home for the first few
days of illness to rest and to prevent spread to others.
Give acetaminophen for fever, headache and body aches (see Fever).
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Go to the emergency department if your childhas any of the following symptoms:
Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose
Blue lips
Limp or unable to move
Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or
unresponsive Stiff neck
Seems confused
Seizure
See your doctor if. . .
Fever lasts more than 3 days.
Child has a fever plus a rash.
Child is coughing up green or yellow discharge for more than 10 days.
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Sore Throat
A sore throat often comes with a cold. Most sore throats are caused by viruses.An antibiotic will not help a sore throat caused by a virus.
Some sore throats are caused by bacteria calledStreptococcus. Strep throat most often occurs during the falland winter, in children between the ages of 5 and 12.
Your doctor cannot tell if a sore throat is strep throat just bylooking at it. A throat swab will show whether the sore throatis caused by bacteria or a virus.
If the sore throat is part of a cold, it is most likely causedby a virus and a throat swab is not needed.
Your doctor might take a throat swab to show whether the sore
throat is caused by bacteria or a virus. The test results are usually ready
within 48 hours.
If the test results are negative, the sore throat is likely caused by a virus.
Antibiotics will not work.
If the test results are positive, your doctor might decide to prescribe anantibiotic.
Other family members do not need to be tested unless they are sick.
Symptoms
Pain in the throat, pain when swallowing
Fever
Swollen glands in the neck
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Treatment
Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soup
make the throat feel better.
Give acetaminophen for pain and fever (see Fever).
For children six years of age and older and adults, throat lozenges may relieve
symptoms. Younger children should not be given lozenges because of the
danger of choking.
For older children and adults, gargling with warm salt water will make the
throat feel better. Mix half tsp salt with 250 ml (8 oz or one cup) warm water.
Gargle for 10 seconds. Spit out salt water and repeat. May be done 4 - 5 times
per day.
Your child can go back to normal activity when feeling better.
See your doctor if. . .
If the sore throat continues for 2 - 3 days with no other symptoms of a coldsuch as watery eyes, sneezing, runny nose.
Go to the emergency department if your childhas any of the following symptoms:
Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose Blue lips Can not swallow
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Ear Ache
A special tube called the Eustachian tube
connects the middle ear and the back of thethroat. The tube is narrow in young children so
it can become blocked, especially with a cold.
This blockage can lead to a bacterial infection.
Antibiotics might be prescribed for an ear
infection, but 70-80% of children who have an
ear infection will get better without an antibiotic.
Prevention
Wash your hands frequently and teach your
child about hand washing since most ear
infections occur after a cold.
Avoid exposing your child to second hand smoke.
For children with allergies, avoid exposure to irritating substances.
Do not give your child a bottle to drink while lying down.
Symptoms:
Fever
Ear pain
Irritability
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Treatment:
Give acetaminophen for pain and fever (see Fever).
Place a warm cloth over the outside of the ear.
Antihistamines and decongestants do not help an ear infection.
Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics after examination of your childs ears.
If your child has had many ear infections within a short period, your doctor may
recommend surgery to put tubes in the ears to help the ears to drain.
Because of the risk of antibiotic resistance, it is no longer recommended to
give antibiotics for prolonged periods to prevent ear infections.
See your doctor if. . .
Your child is less than 6 months of age
Your child is between 6 and 24 months of age and is not getting better after 24
hours
Your child is over 2 years of age and is not getting better after 3 days
Has a loss of balance Has swelling and redness behind the ear.
Go to the emergency department if your childhas any of the following symptoms:
Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose Blue lips Limp or unable to move Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or unrespon-
sive Stiff neck Seems confused Seizure
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Name of the student: Sara Ati Salem Salem / School: AlfateH School 2nd Grade
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Cough
Most coughs in children and adults are caused
by viral infections of the respiratory tract. Therespiratory tract looks like an upside downtree.
Infections of the respiratory tract are namedaccording to the part that is affected.
Antibiotics do not help coughs caused byviruses. Occasionally a cough might be due topneumonia. In this case antibiotics are usually
given.
*Refers to individuals with otherwise healthy lungs
Symptoms
Fever, cough and chest pain.
Coughing up mucus that may be yellow or
green. This does not mean it is a bacterial
infection. Wheezing might occur in some children.
Note: With viral bronchitis, 45% of people stillcough after 2 weeks. 25% of people still coughafter 3 weeks.
Illness Site Age Group Cause
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Treatment
Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soup will
help relax the airways.
Allow your child to get plenty of rest.
Use a cool mist humidifier.
Cough suppressants and decongestants may help older children and adults
but should be used with caution in younger children. Ask your pharmacist for
help in selecting the right medication.
Cough drops may help older children and adults. Cough drops should not be
given to children less than six years of age because of the risk of choking.
For pneumonia, a chest x-ray is recommended and antibiotics are usually
prescribed.
See your doctor if. . .
Fever lasts more than 3 days
Cough is associated with vomiting Your child is very ill (especially after 2-3 days) and does not want to eat or
drink
Go to the emergency department if your childhas any of the following symptoms:
Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose
Blue lips Limp or unable to move Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or
unresponsive Stiff neck Seems confused Seizure
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Nameofthestudent:Kha
lidMuhammedSaeed/Scho
ol:MuhammedBinAlQasemforBasicEducationSchool
3rdGrade
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Sinus Infection (Sinusitis)
The sinuses are air filled spaces around the nose and eyes. Sinusitis occurs
when fluid builds up in the sinuses. Both bacteria and viruses can cause sinusitis(viruses are up to 200 times more common). Sinusitis most often occurs after acold but most colds do not lead to bacterial sinusitis. The symptoms of sinusitisare more severe and last longer than a cold.
Symptoms
Facial pain or pressure, headache, toothache, feeling tired, cough, fever.
Blocked nose with yellow or green nasal discharge that lasts for more than 10days.
Treatment
Give acetaminophen for pain and fever (see Fever).
Use salt water drops or spray to help relieve nasal congestion (see Cold).
Decongestants can relieve stuffiness but will not shorten the length of the ill-
ness.
Use a cool mist humidifier.
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See your doctor if. . .
Fever develops again, 5 - 7 days after a cold begins.
Cold symptoms worsen, 5 - 7 days after the cold begins. Yellow or green nasal discharge lasts longer than 10 days.
Constant facial pain
Note: Cold symptoms that reoccur and are associated with a clear discharge,indicate a new cold, not sinusitis. A visit to the doctor is not needed - follow treat-ment for a cold.
Go to the emergency department if your childhas any of the following symptoms:
Fever and swelling around and above theeyes
Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose
Blue lips
Limp or unable to move
Hard to wake up, unusually quiet orunresponsive
Stiff neck
Seems confused
Seizure
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www.dobugsneeddrugs.org
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does
not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by Health Authority Abu
Dhabi in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
Do Bugs Need Drugs? is a community education program about the wise use of
antibiotics. The Parent Guide was developed in partnership with Capital Health,
the Toward Optimized Practice program of the Alberta Medical Association, the
Alberta Lung Association, and the University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Can-
ada). Do Bugs Need Drugs? is funded - in Canada - by Alberta Health and Well-
ness and the British Columbia Ministry of Health. CANADA
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Our Vision
The Health System of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is comprehensive; encompassingthe full spectrum of health services and is accessible to all residents of AbuDhabi. The system is driven towards excellence through continuous improvement,and monitored for achievement of targets. Providers of health services areindependent, predominately private and follow highest international qualitystandards. The system is financed through mandatory health insurance.
Our Mission
Ensure reliable excellence in healthcare for the community
Our Values
1. Commitment to the Community We Serve2. Pursuit of Excellence and Continuous Improvement3. Respect & Compassion4. Integrity5. Accountability
6. Collective Wisdom of Teamwork &Collaboration
Contact Us
Health Authority Abu DhabiHealth System Compliance Division
Tel: 800800Fax: +9712-4449822
P.O. Box 5674 Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesWebsite : www.haad.ae
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