Health Vulnerability & Adaptation to Climate Change...Health Vulnerability & Adaptation to Climate...
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Health Vulnerability & Adaptation to Climate Change Joy Guillemot Public Health and the Environment WHO Geneva Part 3: Adaptation Assessment Identifying Adaptation options, and Planning, Identifying Adaptation options, and Planning, Implementing, and Monitoring Health protection from Implementing, and Monitoring Health protection from climate risks climate risks
Transcript of Health Vulnerability & Adaptation to Climate Change...Health Vulnerability & Adaptation to Climate...
Health Vulnerability & Adaptationto Climate Change
Joy Guillemot
Public Health and the Environment
WHO Geneva
Part 3: Adaptation Assessment
Identifying Adaptation options, and Planning, Identifying Adaptation options, and Planning, Implementing, and Monitoring Health protection from Implementing, and Monitoring Health protection from climate risksclimate risks
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Assess & Plan Adaptation OptionsAssess & Plan Adaptation Options
Vulnerability:Current burden of disease
Current health protection programs
Future Impacts:Changing burden without climate change
Projected health impacts of climate change
Adaptation:Identify, prioritize additional interventions
Identify resources & barriers to implementation
Health harms & benefits
in other sectors
Communicate Plan &
Implement
Frame & Scope Assessment
Assess Manage & Monitor Risks
Management & Communication
plan
Stakeholderengagement
Define scope& objectives
Review Mandates & Policy context
Monitor &evaluate
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What is Climate "Adaptation"? What is Climate "Adaptation"?
In public health, climate change adaptation = prevention
But, health prevention to respond to climate risks often focuses on :
� CSD: diseases that are sensitive to climatic conditions
� Risk based: Prioritizes populations at greatest risk of harm if exposed to hazard or pathogen
� Climate Informed - Uses information about climate variability (weather extremes) and long term climate change to inform decisions
� Ecosystem Perspective – considers upstream determinants and linkages
� Implemented across sectors: works to prevent harm upstream via coordination
� Time & Space: looks for changes in time or geographic occurrence, based on climate/envinfluences. Considers long time horizons.
� Flexible & Iterative: Incorporates mechanisms of tracking risks and risk mgmt,
� Identifies thresholds: identifies thresholds of acute risk or coping capacity for when changes in strategies are needed, early warning to early action
� Implemented across scales: global scale models may inform local interventions
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What Actions can help "Adapt" to Climate Change?
What Actions can help "Adapt" to Climate Change?
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Preparing for Climate Change Simple Goals of "Adaptation"
Preparing for Climate Change Simple Goals of "Adaptation"
Figure out what needs to be done to minimize future
health risks affected by climate?
Monitor health outcomes to make sure disease burdens
are not increasing, and systems are able to manage
outbreaks or emergencies.
Have surveillance systems that can quickly identify
surprises or emergent diseases, and act
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(4.0) Identify & prioritize policies & programmes
to address current and projected health risks
(4.0) Identify & prioritize policies & programmes
to address current and projected health risks4.1 Identify additional public health and health care policies
and programmes to prevent likely future health burdens
4.2 Prioritize public health and health care polices and programmes to reduce likely future health burdens
4.3 Identify resources needed for implementation, and potential challenges to be addressed
4.4 Estimate the costs of action and of inaction
4.5 Identify possible policies and programmes to reduce the potential health risks of decisions made in other sectors(adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation policies and programmes)
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Identify additional public health and health care policies & programmes to prevent likely future health burdens
Identify additional public health and health care policies & programmes to prevent likely future health burdens
4.14.1
What is needed to better manage climate related risks today?
What is needed to address additional risks?
Should activities focus on:
Reduce vulnerability? Address future risks? Build Adaptive Capacity?
= all 3?
Should Investments be made in:
Surveillance, Preparedness, Response
= all 3?
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4.1.14.1.1
Possible Methods
brain storming session with scientists, practitioners, and affected stakeholders.
Benefits
– Gives policy makers greater choice and flexibility to consider programmes that could be implemented
–Gives information about which choices are constrained because of a lack of technology, information or resources, or as a consequence of other policies and programmes.
ApproachGenerate a list of all potential choices, without regard to technical feasibility, cost, or other
limiting criteria
–May include currently implemented interventions,
–new or untried interventions
–policies and programmes used in other jurisdictions and in other societies
–other interventions that are theoretically possible.
Identify all possible adaptation policies and programmes
Identify all possible adaptation policies and programmes
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4.1.24.1.2Evaluate policies and programmes to determine those that can be implemented in the near-term
Evaluate policies and programmes to determine those that can be implemented in the near-term
ApproachNarrow down options by considering:
�Technical feasibility. Is the choice technically viable and available?
�Operationally feasible: does the health system have adequate workforce, sustainable
financial resources, service delivery mechanisms, or technical knowledge and capacity to
deliver the interventions or programmes.
�Degree of effectiveness. How effective is the proposed intervention in reducing the
incidence of the adverse health outcome?
�Environmental acceptability. Does the proposed intervention have environmental
consequences that are unacceptable?
�Economic efficiency. How costly is the intervention in relation to expected benefits?
�Social and legal acceptability. Is the proposed intervention in accordance with the laws
and social customs and conventions of the community or country?
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Possible Methods
Quantitative or qualitative, expert judgment or stakeholder groups
Benefits
– gives a reality check and further scrutiny to practical choices
ApproachFurther screen practical choices to consider additional variables or constraints. May include
�Transboundary influence analysis
�Availability of human or financial resources to sustain interventions
�Compatibility with current policies
�Identify additional actions which would be needed to reduce possible negative consequences
of the intervention
Possible additional analyses Possible additional analyses 4.1.34.1.3
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Prioritize public health and health care polices and programmes to reduce likely future health burdens
Prioritize public health and health care polices and programmes to reduce likely future health burdens
4.24.2
Possible Methods
Qualitative processes that involve relevant stakeholders, multiple criteria analysis,
Benefits
– allocate scarce resources to most likely risk, most vulnerable populations, or weakest aspect of system needed to provide health protection
Approach: Identify which health risks should be addressed first based on locally defined criteria
Criteria for Prioritization may include:
–Significance of risk
–Where greatest benefits/possibility to reduce harm
–Costs
–Feasibility
–Acceptable risks
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Identify resources needed for implementation, and potential challenges to be addressed
Identify resources needed for implementation, and potential challenges to be addressed4.34.3
Possible Methods
Write brief description of what is needed to implement
Benefits
– identify requirement for implementation and sustainability
– identify barriers that need to be overcome
Approach: Identify needs, requirements and barriers to be addressed
–Financial Resources
–Human Resources & Capacity
–Service Delivery Mechanisms
–Technology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Supplies
–Information Resources
–Leadership & Governance
–Health Partnerships and Community Engagement
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Estimate the costs of action and of inaction
Estimate the costs of action and of inaction
4.44.4
Approach:
Estimate the costs to address current and projected health outcomes (cost of inaction) and
compare to the estimate of the costs of the proposed interventions and policies to prevent
these additional burdens (cost of action)
Possible Methods: WHO toolsets available, Economic Costs of Adaptation, "COST-IT",
Benefits:
–demonstrate to decision-makers costs of inaction to not address risks,
–identify costs of alternative courses of action and merits
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Identify possible policies & programmes to reduce the potential health risks of other sector adaptation & greenhouse gas mitigation policies & programmes
Identify possible policies & programmes to reduce the potential health risks of other sector adaptation & greenhouse gas mitigation policies & programmes
4.54.5
Possible Methods
Quantitative or qualitative, Health Impact Assessments, expert review or stakeholder groups
Benefits
– identifies upstream causes of health problems which can be prevented via coordination
Approach: Identify upstream opportunities to prevent ill health
–Collaborate with other sectors to identify health risks and help them make decisions which
prevent downstream health problems later
–Examples:
•Energy policy and emissions
•Urban planning
•Water
•Housing
•Agriculture
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Make a plan to: Make a plan to: – Develop adaptation plans of action
– Identify cross cutting needs and resources
– Identify short, medium, long term priorities
– Implement Risk Management Process
• Communicate
• Implement
• Monitor and Inform (Early Warning of risks)
• Re-assess plans to see if they are effective
Identify
all options
Screen Feasibility
+ Practicality
Identify
Costs
Screen Upstream
Options
Prioritize
Options
Identify Resources
+ Barriers
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5. Manage & Monitor Risks5. Manage & Monitor Risks
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5.1 Monitor and Evaluate Outcomes and Interventions
5.1 Monitor and Evaluate Outcomes and Interventions
Possible Methods
Surveillance, Operational research
Benefits
– tracks to ensure risks are not increasing or changing
–Tracks to ensure interventions are working
Approach:
Monitor and evaluate the burden of climate-sensitive health outcomes and interventions to address these burdens, to ensure continued effectiveness in a changing climate.
�Identify key indicators to monitor disease burdens or system performance
�Establish review periods and timeframes to feedback into decisions.
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5.2 Iterative Risk Management 5.2 Iterative Risk Management
Possible Methods
Scheduled periodic reviews for performance and risk review, coordination forums
Benefits
– allows for new risks to be addressed when identified
– creates active communication so information about upstream risks is widely available
Approach:
Active management of immediate and upstream risks with processes that allow for new information, flexible response procedures, and active feedback mechanisms with stakeholders and public
–Multisectoral coordination
–Integrated surveillance
–Active Monitoring of risk conditions and changes
–Active monitoring of system and community preparedness to cope with onset of extreme events
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ConclusionsConclusions
� An assessment is not only a product – it is an
instrument to make decisions & solve problems
� Assessing health vulnerability and impacts of climate is
a continual iterative process to improve understanding
and adjust programming
� Effectiveness of assessments depends on
communication and application of new knowledge.
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Next Steps TodayNext Steps Today
� Discuss CS Health outcomes in Jordan to highlight V&A
process needs
� Develop Work plans for:
– Planning Session 1: Overall Timetable & Workplan
– Planning Session 2: Vulnerability & Future Impact Assessment
– Planning Session 3: Adaptation Assessment & Planning
– Planning Session 4: National Strategy Development
