HEALTH PROMOTION IN

URBAN COMMUNITIES

Presented by Jenny Nguyen

Public Health Relations & Communities

What is health promotion?

• Allows people to increase their wellness (WHO)

• Educates people to change behavior & environment (Erickson)

• 7 dimensions of health• Social, emotional,

spiritual, environmental, occupational, intellectual, physical

Importance of health promotion (HPB)

Prevents disease, disability, and premature death

Increase overall health status

Increase quality of life

Reduce financial costs

Health initiatives & awareness in the past for tuberculosis

1786: 1st recorded & mortality rates

1882: Koch discovers causes of

TB & contagiousness

1892: Flick creates organization for TB

prevention

1894: Trudeau builds lab solely for

TB research

1904: Trudeau & Flick found the American Lung

Association

RESULTS OF TB PREVENTION & AWARENESS

Present health promotion resources (Erikson)

Health education

Environment

Screenings

Worksite

What are urban communities?• More than 2,500 in population• People who live in the city• Many buildings and houses close together• 1/3 of U.S. citizens live in urban areas (U.S. Census Bureau)

Health wellness concerns in urban communities• Low income• Limited access to healthy food• High risk for obesity

• Limited access to health care• Screenings, regular

checkups• Lack of health education• Ethnic disparities

Low income families (National Center for Children in Poverty)

• In 2000, 51% of children from in urban areas (8.9 million) live in low-income families

• Urban low-income families• 79% of children have 1 employed

parent• 53% of children’s parents are

both employed

• Parents reason for unemployment• 47% homemaker• 26% have disabilities or sick

SNAP Program cuts (CBS News, 2013)• Nutrition-assistance program

• Increases quality of family and children health• SNAP benefits set to fall 47 million for low-income families• Since the drop $1.40 per meal

SNAP Benefits Cuts

Why it is important to change wellness in urban communities (WHO)• Urbanization • Urban settings are health determinant

• Infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases• Sanitation• Violence and crime

• Future medical costs

Other health risks: HIV/AIDS

• High risk area HIV more prevalent• Easy transmission of disease

• How it can be prevented• Primary, secondary, & tertiary prevention

• Free health-clinics: https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/prevention/hiv-testing/hiv-test-locations/

high poverty %

high HIV/AIDS

rates

URBAN AREAS

Current Urban Health Promotion Programs & Organizations• Urban Youth Empowerment Program

• Housing assistance, legal advice, tax services

• World Vision• Domestic programs, school donations, disaster-relief and recovery programs

• The Neighborhood Center (Camden)• Academic, athletic, and arts program for children

REFERENCES World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/topics/health_promotion/en/

University of California Riverside: https://wellness.ucr.edu/seven_dimensions.html

Erickson, John: https://www.prevent.org/data/files/initiatives/johnerickson.pdf

Health Promotion Behavior: https://www.publichealth.uga.edu/hpb/what-health-promotion-behavior

American Experience – The Forgotten Plague: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/plague-timeline/

University of Nebraska-Lincoln: http://wellness.unl.edu/wellness-model

History of Public Health: http://wwwapp1.bumc.bu.edu/lphi/publichealthtraining/onlinecourses/publichealthhistory/mobile_pages/PublicHealthHistory6.html

Urban Communities: http://citadel.sjfc.edu/students/rnr00577/e-port/msti260/urban.htm

National Center for Children Poverty: http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_637.html

Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-hartnett/cost-of-kids_b_1457556.html

State of Obesity: http://stateofobesity.org/disparities/blacks/

CBS News: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/millions-on-food-stamps-facing-benefits-cuts/

CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/HIVFactSheets/Epidemic/Factors.htm

News Republic: http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118395/who-does-hiv-affect-new-maps-break-down-epidemic