Management• Management is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish 

• goals and objectives using•  available resources • efficiently and effectively.

• Management includes – planning, – organizing, – staffing, – leading or directing, and–  controlling 

an organization

• Project management, then, is the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently.

• Disease management

• Health care system management

Health Systems Management

Health Care Management or Administration is the field relating to 

– leadership, – management, and – administration ofPublic health systems, health care systems,

(hospitals, and hospital networks)

leadership and management in health

• "Good leadership and management are about providing direction to,

• and gaining commitment from, partners and staff, facilitating change and achieving better health services

• through efficient, creative and responsible deployment of people and other resources" (WHO/EIP/health systems/2005.1).

“What conditions are necessary for goodleadership and management at theoperational level"?.......Framework

1. ensuring an adequate number of        managers at all levels of the health system2. ensuring managers have appropriate      competences3. creating better critical management support      systems4.   creating an enabling working environment

Strengthening management capacity needs a strategic approach as represented in the framework below:

Health systems management objectives 

• To ensures that specific outcomes are attained, that departments within a health facility are running smoothly, that the right people are in the right jobs, that people know what is expected of them, that resources are used efficiently and that all departments are working towards a common goal.

Managers are an essential component of the health workforce

• YES, if you work in a setting with limited resources YES, if you make decisions on how best to use staff,         budgets, drugs and other resourcesYES, if you are responsible for making things happen YES, if you are in a role to support managers or to

Good management is essential for quality service delivery and achieving desired health outcomes. 

• Management quote:• “Solve the problem rather than being alarmist

without action”

Concepts, guidance and tools ...

... to help you make best use of resources or solve problems to do with:

• Working with staff• Budgeting and monitoring expenditure• Collecting and using information• Obtaining and managing drugs and equipment• Maintaining equipment, vehicles and buildings• Interacting with the community and other partners• … and more…

Building leadership and management capacity at the operational level requires:

• A balanced approach covering these four inter-related dimensions:

• Number and distribution of managers• Managers' competencies• Management support systems• Working environment• Strengthening one without the others is not likely to achieve the desired outcomes.

• The district health system• Needs assessment and situation analysis• Planning and budgeting of services• Organization and implementation of health services

• Scaling up• Assessment of management performance• Monitoring and evaluation of service delivery

THANK YOU

Management

Management as “the purposeful and effective use of resources –

manpower, materials and finances for fulfilling a pre – determined

objective

i. Planning: determining what is to be done.

ii. Organizing: setting up the framework or apparatus and making it

possible for groups to do the work.

iii. Communication: motivating people to do the work.

iv. Monitoring(controlling): checking to make sure the work is

progressing satisfactorily.

Components of Management•

(1) Organizational activity—• Management is a group activity. Management is to coordinate the actions and reactions of 

individuals.

(2) Goal formation—• Management has some definite goals before it to ach-eve. Goals are set considering the 

actions and reactions of individuals.

(3) Goal accomplishment and evaluation—• Management also evaluates the effectiveness of goal accomplishment.

(4) Organizational Survival—• In the short run, managers use the resources available to them as efficiently as possible 

and practice the art of implementing their decisions. 

(5) Implementation—• Action is the creed of management. Policies and programmes are implemented by 

management.

Methods based on behavioral sciences1. Organizational design2. Personnel management3. Communication4. Information systemsQuantitative methods5. Cost – benefit analysis: the benefits are expressed in monetary

terms to determine whether a given programme is economically sound, and to select the best out of several alternate programmes.

6. Cost – effective analysis: that benefit instead of being expressed in monetary terms is expressed in terms of results achieved, eg. Number of lives saved or the number of days free from disease.

3. Cost – accounting: cost – accunting has three important purposes in health services a. cost control b. planning and allocation of people and financial resources c. pricing of cast reimbursement.4. Input – output analysis: “input” refers to all health service activities which consume resources (manpower, money, materials and time); and “output” refers to such useful outcomes as cases treated, lives saved or inoculations performed.5. Model6. Systems analysis7. Network analysis: the two common types of network technique are a. Pert and b. CPM

a. Pert (programme evaluation and review technique)b. Critical Pathe Method (CPM)

8. Planning – programming

9. Work sampling10. Decision making

Networks analysis

Plan service

Staff recruited

Equipment ordered

Staff trained

Equipment installed

Start providing service

Health Planning

Health planning is necessary for the economic utilization of

–material,

– man – power and

–financial resources.

The purpose of health planning is to improve the health services.

National Health Planning has been defined as

the orderly process of defining community health problems,

identifying unmet needs and surveying the resources to meet them,

establishing priority goals that are realistic and feasible and projecting administrative action to accomplish the purpose

of the proposed programme.

Health needs and demands

Health needs have been defined as “ deficiencies in health that call for preventive, curative, control or eradication measures”A goal is usually described in terms of 1. What is to be attained2. The extent to which it is to be attained3. The population or section of the environment involved4. The geographic area in which the proposed programme will

operate5. The length of time required for attaining the goal

Planning CycleGather Health DateTabulate analyze interpret

Formulate health Problems

Assign priorities among problems

Formulate individual priority problems for planning solution

Define programme objective & how to measure achievement

Assign priorities among objectives

Design alternative programme to solve problems

Select best programme (feasibility cost/effectiveness

Combine programme & develop integrated plan

Plan implementation of integrated progremme

Orient & train personnel

Initiate integrated programme

Operate programme

Collect data for evaluation

Evaluate results goals achieved? Goals satisfactory?

No

Yes

1. Analysis of the health situation2. Establishment of objectives and goals3. Assessment of resources4. Fixing priorities5. Write- up of formulated plan6. Programming and implementation7. Monitoring8. Evaluation:- The purpose of evaluation is to assess the

achievement of the stated objectives of a programme