Health Need Assessment

04/08/2304/08/23 Rajbir Kaur,MPHRajbir Kaur,MPH 11


Need refers to lack of something.Need refers to lack of something.Need is not an absolute conceptNeed is not an absolute conceptThere are gradations of needThere are gradations of need Importance is who perceives it.Importance is who perceives it.

Doctors, sociologists, philosophers & Doctors, sociologists, philosophers & economists all have different views of what economists all have different views of what need is.need is.

What is need?


Health NeedHealth Need

Perceived needsPerceived needs -need for health -need for health services experienced by individual & which services experienced by individual & which (s)he is ready to acknowledge.(s)he is ready to acknowledge.

Professionally defined needsProfessionally defined needs -need for -need for health services experienced by health health services experienced by health professionals from the point of view of professionals from the point of view of benefit obtainable from advise, preventive benefit obtainable from advise, preventive measure, management or specific therapymeasure, management or specific therapy


Scientifically confirmed needs Scientifically confirmed needs – the – the need confirmed by objective measures of need confirmed by objective measures of biological, anthropometric or psychological biological, anthropometric or psychological factors, expert opinion or passage of time.factors, expert opinion or passage of time.


Health need determinantsHealth need determinants

Populations have different health needs Populations have different health needs depending upon many factors:depending upon many factors:

demography demography socioeconomic status socioeconomic status environmental situation environmental situation genesgenesbehavior behavior health carehealth care


Importance of health need Importance of health need assessmentassessment

Review of existing health planning Review of existing health planning Basis of health planningBasis of health planningEnsures efficient use of resourcesEnsures efficient use of resources Identifies the inequalities in health & Identifies the inequalities in health &

access to servicesaccess to services


Planning involvesPlanning involves

1.1. Funding of projectFunding of project

2.2. Goals & objectives of projectGoals & objectives of project

3.3. Definition of individual research staffDefinition of individual research staff roles assigningroles assigning responsibility allocationresponsibility allocation methodological designmethodological design necessary suppliesnecessary supplies


Basic demographic data (age, Basic demographic data (age, socioeconomic status, sex etc.)socioeconomic status, sex etc.)

Variables of interest in researchVariables of interest in research

Both of these are decided in the first Both of these are decided in the first step of planning when the whole layout step of planning when the whole layout and procedure is made.and procedure is made.


Types of dataTypes of data

Primary data Primary data collected for health need collected for health need

assessment by two major ways.assessment by two major ways.

1.Surveys1.Surveys 2.Interviews2.Interviews

(costly and time consuming)(costly and time consuming)


Secondary dataSecondary data

CensusCensus Civil registration systemCivil registration system Hospital & indoor recordsHospital & indoor records Clinical LaboratoriesClinical Laboratories Epidemiological StudiesEpidemiological Studies National Sample SurveyNational Sample Survey Special Studies (World fertility survey, Special Studies (World fertility survey,

Demographic health survey, Multicluster Demographic health survey, Multicluster indicator survey)indicator survey)


Research design identifies the Research design identifies the data to be useddata to be used


Most common sample surveyMost common sample surveyDifferent techniques of probability Different techniques of probability

sampling are knownsampling are knownSome commonly used areSome commonly used are

simple random samplingsimple random sampling

stratified random samplingstratified random sampling

cluster samplingcluster sampling


Simple Random SamplingSimple Random Sampling

Each individual in population has an equal Each individual in population has an equal chances of being selectedchances of being selected

Generally done by using random tablesGenerally done by using random tablesSome uses the digits of currency notesSome uses the digits of currency notes


Stratified Random SamplingStratified Random Sampling

Population is divided into two or more sub Population is divided into two or more sub populations or stratapopulations or strata

Sample is drawn out of those subunitsSample is drawn out of those subunits


Cluster SamplingCluster Sampling

Numbering populationNumbering populationRandomly selecting unitsRandomly selecting unitsExample - states, city blocks Example - states, city blocks


1.Close ended questions1.Close ended questions Mail surveys Mail surveys Telephone surveysTelephone surveysIn person surveysIn person surveys

2.Open ended questions2.Open ended questions


Preparing presentationPreparing presentationBrief summary of the assessmentBrief summary of the assessmentEffective communicationEffective communicationTargeting population according to Targeting population according to

specifications (education etc.)specifications (education etc.)


Benefits of health need assessmentBenefits of health need assessment

Strengthened community involvement in Strengthened community involvement in decision makingdecision making

Improved public participationImproved public participationProfessional developments of skills & Professional developments of skills &

experienceexperience Improved patient careImproved patient careBetter use of scarce resourcesBetter use of scarce resources


Challenges of health need Challenges of health need assesmentassesment

Working across professional boundariesWorking across professional boundariesDeveloping shared language between Developing shared language between

sectionssectionsObtaining commitment from top Obtaining commitment from top Assessing relevant dataAssessing relevant dataAssessing target populationAssessing target populationMaintaining term impetus& commitmentMaintaining term impetus& commitmentTranslating findings into effective actionTranslating findings into effective action


ReferencesReferences

1.Henderson RH and Sundaresan T.

Cluster sampling to assess immunization coverage: a review of experience with a simplified sampling method. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1982;60(2):253-60.

2. Lareau L. Needs assessment of the elderly: Conclusions and methodological approaches. The Gerontologist 1983;23(5):518-26.


3.Lareau L and Heumann L. The 3.Lareau L and Heumann L. The inadequacy of needs assessments of the inadequacy of needs assessments of the elderly. The Gerontologist 1982;22(3):324-elderly. The Gerontologist 1982;22(3):324-30.30.

4.McKillip J. Need analysis: Tools for the 4.McKillip J. Need analysis: Tools for the human services and education. Newbury human services and education. Newbury Park (CA): Sage; 1987.Park (CA): Sage; 1987.

5. Miles MB and Huberman AM. Qualitative 5. Miles MB and Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage; 1994.2nd ed. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage; 1994.

Health Need Assessment

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