Dr Jibrin Paul Consutant Anatomic Pathology NH

A group of mycotoxin poison formed by mould aspergillus flavus

They grow in damp and warm environment in peanut, cereal and rice, wheat almonds walnut, corn and sunflower seed

Contamination occur during the process of storage processing and transportation

Animals fed with infected cereal and grain can also transmit the virus through their milk

Several different toxin are known that cause acute toxicity

Aflatoxin B1 is Carcinogen The fact has been known for more than four

decade ago NIEHS funder John Hopkins university

research discovered the role of Aflatoxin in promoting liver cancer

It cause mutation in critical cancer genes P53

It cause mutation in p53 by forming DNA adduct

Measurement of this DNA adduct can be carried out in Urine and blood

It’s a sensitive Biomarker to determine level of exposure in a community

Interaction between Aflatoxin and Hepatitis B virus in promoting liver cancer has been well documented , increase risk by 60 times

Is a hepatotrophic virus known to cause Acute fulminant hepatitis and death Chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Transmitted by sexual intercourse Blood transfusion Feto-maternal transfer, mother to child

Highest incidence is seen in tropical sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria inclusive

Major cause of liver cancer in young Adult Evil marriage between HBV and Aflatoxin Bi

increase the risk of liver cancer 60 times more than unexposed individual

Sub-Saharan Africa also happen to be the area of highest exposure rate of aflatoxin

Proper storage and transportation of our grains and cereal

Measurememt of the Biomakers of the DNvA adduct in our population

Use of Chlorophylin extract of the chlorophyl in green vegetatble to reduce the effect of the toxin

Vaccnation for HBV in our population Finally safe sex for marriage will do alot