HEALTH FOR ALL BY YEAR 2000 AD (HFA)

1977 – WORD HEALHT ASSEMBLY

- Attainment by all the people of the world by the year 2000 AD of a level of health that

will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life.

1978 – International Conference – PHC.

Health for all by the year 2000

Attainment of a level of Health- Providing PHC to underserved rural and poor

urban.- Accessible to all individuals & fenilis - Acceptable - Affordable - Full participation of Community

IndicatorsAssess the progress for HFA

- Reduction of IMR to 60- Expectation of life to 64- Reduce CDR 9- Reduce CBR 21 - Achieve NRR one- Pottable water supply to entire population.

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) INDICATORS

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Improve Maternal Health & reduce child

Mortality Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Achieve Universal Primary Education Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development

District Health System

A well functioning health district is one that contributes to sustained

health status improvement through the provision of equitable, efficient,

technically good quality, acceptably appropriate and

affordable health care.

Strengthening Health Care System

Strengthening Distt. health system Strengthening existing health facilities Rationalizing human resources Greater responsibility of private sector Empowering community to take role in

health system Decentralization of health system

Sustainable health system Making quality care Preventing & controlling disease & protecting

health Promoting legislation & regulation in support of

health system Developing health information system &

ensuring active surveillance Fostering the use and innovation in health –

related science & technology Building & maintaining human resources for

health Securing adequate & sustainable financing

INFANT MORTALITY RATES

191. 19

163. 07

100. 44

72. 44

56. 29

41. 58

24. 1817. 7

9. 95 8. 51 6. 5 5. 53 5. 16 4. 69 3. 7 3. 26 2. 29

0

50

100

150

200

250

Angola Pakistan China Hungry UK J apan

COUNTRY

IMR PAKISTAN

82. 49

80. 5

78. 52

76. 53

74. 53

72. 5

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

Y-2000 Y-2001 Y-2002 Y-2003 Y-2004 Y-2005

YEAR

POPULATION OF PAKISTAN (MILLIONS)

28.28233.817

42.978

65.341

84.254

113.78

130.58

154.794

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1941 1951 1961 1972 1981 1991 1998 2006

YEAR

POP.

IN M

ILLI

ONS

POPULOUS COUNTRIES OF WORLD

1, 298

1, 065

293238

184 159 143 141

0

200

400

600

800

1, 000

1, 200

1, 400

CHI NA I NDI A USA I NDONESI A BRAZI L PAKI STAN RUSSI A BANGLA DESH

NAME OF COUNTRY

Comparison of Kerala and all-India Health Statistics

Kerala All-India

Death rate/1000(2002) 6.4 8.1

Rural birth rate(2002) 16.8 25.0

Infant mortality rate (2002) 10 64

Annual growth rate, per cent (2001) 0.9 1.93Life expectancy at birth 2001-06 (Projection)

Male

Female

66.5

71.7

75

61.5

64.1

65.4Literacy rate, percent(2001) 90.92 65.38

Female literacy rate (2001) 87.86 54.16

Mean age at marriage females (1999) 22.1 19.5

Per capita income (2000-1) Rs. 21046 Rs. 16707

Doctor-population ratio (1991) 1: 7213 1:2148

DISEASE Dis-ease – Uneasiness, wrong with body functions. A condition in which body health is impaired. A departure from a state of Health An alteration of the human body interrupting the

performance of vital functions A condition of the body or some organ in which its

functions are disrupted or deranged. A maladjustment of human organism to the

environment. Any deviation from the normal functioning or state

of complete physical, mental well being.

Illness

It refers not only the presence of disease but individual perceptions

and behavior in response to disease. It is the subjective state of person who feels aware of not being

well

SicknessIt is a state of social

dysfunction. The individual is unable to

perform his role that the individual assumes in life.

Disease Causation Super natural theory of disease Miasmatic theory of disease/evils Theory of humours. Theory of spontaneous generation. Concept of contagion Germ theory of disease causation Epidemiological Triad Multifactorial Causation Web of Causation