Health, fitness & disease control

Tim Cronbach, Mark Hine & Mike Haddon

Introduction

• Throughout this presentation we will be exploring different ideas about health, fitness and disease control.

• We will be looking at how being fit and healthy can prevent illness and disease.

• We will also be looking at other ways to prevent illness and disease.

Health

• First of all what is health? It is the general condition of body or mind, i.e.

good health and bad health.So how do we stay healthy?There are different ways to stay healthy, here are

a few examples:Eat healthy ExerciseRegular doctor check upsGood amount of sleep

Eating healthy• Nutrition is key. Eat a balanced diet and by doing so you will have a healthy

heart, healthy brain and a fully functional immune system. • A balanced diet will contain:• Carbohydrates (provide a source of energy)• Proteins (provide a source of material for growth and repair)• Fats (provide another source of energy and contain soluble vitamins)• Vitamins (required in small quantities to keep you healthy)• Mineral salts (required for healthy teeth, bones and muscles)• Fibre (this is required to help you intestines function correctly, it is not

digested.)• It is also very important that 6-12 glasses of water are drunk every day

because water contains lots of minerals the body needs to function. • Eating healthy food regularly will increase you metabolism, which decreases

the chances of you getting ill.

Why is healthy eating important?

•Eating healthy provides your body with the nutrients and energy it needs to function properly. Nutrients provide the necessary energy to keep you brain active, you heart working properly and for you muscles to function. They also assist in building strong bones and body tissue and to regulate breathing, the circulatory system and other body functions.

•Essential nutrients in foods consist of carbohydrates, protein and fats, carbohydrates found in cereal, grains, pasta, fruit, vegetables, milk and rice provides long term energy whereas carbohydrates in sweets provides short term energy.

•Proteins found in meats, cheese and fish provide energy and repair body cells.

•Eating a healthy diet also fights disease. Fruits and vegetables lower blood pressure and lower the risk of having cancers, less saturated fat in your diet lowers the risk of cancer, heart disease and lowers high cholesterol.

Food Controversies – McDonalds Chicken Nuggets

• The 2004 documentary Super Size Me states "McDonald's Chicken McNuggets were originally made from old chickens no longer able to lay eggs. These chickens are stripped down to the bone, and then "ground up" into a chicken mash then combined with a variety of stabilizers and preservatives, pressed into familiar shapes, breaded and deep fried, freeze dried, and then shipped to a McDonald's near you.

• This was recently proven by CNN.

Supplements

• What is a dietary supplement?• A dietary supplement is a product (other than tobacco) that:• is intended to supplement the diet • contains one or more dietary ingredients (including vitamins; minerals; herbs or other

botanicals; amino acids; and other substances) or their constituents • is intended to be taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid • is labeled on the front panel as being a dietary supplements.

• History

• Protein supplements were first popularized by bodybuilders, weightlifters, and strength athletes. They were used to help aid muscle re-growth after working hard in the gym. Since then they have been widely criticized by the press and leading health officials.

Supplements in sport• Protein supplements have gained favor with athletes as a means of increasing their

body's ability to develop and maintain skeletal muscle.

• Protein is one of the three essential components of the human diet, along with carbohydrates and fats.

• Protein, which is composed of various types of amino acids, provides the raw material for both muscle construction and repair, as well as playing an important role in the immune system

The supplements debate

• The issue of whether an athlete requires protein supplements is hotly debated in the sports nutrition industry.

• Many nutritional experts contend that the best way to ingest protein is by way of a properly constituted, well-balanced natural food diet.

• This position is supported by the fact that the body is well suited to receive proteins through natural digestive processes, and that supplementation is never as strong a dietary option as whole food sources of any nutrient, including protein.

Fitness

Fitness in general

• Fitness is good for personal health because it will enable muscles to be worked and this will contribute to the prevention of blood clots.

• Personal reasons: makes you feel better about yourself, you feel more energetic, its good to achieve the goals you have set and it enables you to manage your weight and reduction of weight.

• Different types of exercise:• Cardiovascular (cardio)- this is the type of

fitness where the most of the weight loss takes place because it is activities which involve more effort put in in order to burn calories, which is fat, which will then lower the body mass.

• Muscular endurance - this the type of exercises which will still burn fat, but however may not lower body mass due to muscle weight being gained. It will add a significant bulk to the body and increase the size and strength of muscles.

• Cardio side of things: • So how do we go about getting fit or staying fit? • Generally most people think that lots of money should be spent on

gym memberships and personal trainers and so on. But it can be proved to be cheaper to get fit, for example it doesn’t cost money to go for a long walk (this will still improve fitness because it keeps the muscles in the legs and arms working), they could also go for a run which will burn calories and increase the fitness of the body due to the muscles working harder and getting stronger from the distance that is travelled on the jog.

Muscular Endurance

• Muscular endurance is for a person who is looking to gain muscle or a toned body shape. However weight training isn’t just something that is seen to make you a massive body builder, it will help to burn fat but the fat will be replaced by muscle which will enable a person to go on longer on certain exercises where their muscles are stronger. For example the plank focuses on the stomach muscles (Abs), if someone's Abs are stronger it is more likely that they can go on longer in the plank position, whereas people with slightly weaker Abs will be less likely to hold the position for longer.

How does keeping fit affect health in everyday life?

• Keeping fit will enable people to be able to do all activities without having any setbacks. It will help people to increase life chance because they are giving their body the right things in combination with a healthy and balanced diet in order for the body to keep working.

• However it has been proved from a tragedy to a football player that you can be too fit and he died whilst he was playing football because his heart was pumping too fast which lead to an organ shut down in his body.

Don’t over do it

• Puerta collapsed after jogging back towards his own goal 35 minutes into the opening league game of the season at the Sanchez Pizjuan on Saturday.

• Team-mates and medical staff rushed to his side and were seen preventing him from swallowing his tongue as he lost consciousness.

• Hospital director Gimeno Guerrero said Puerta died of "multiple

organ failure, stemming from prolonged cardiac arrest."

What about being to unfit then?• If you are not fit and healthy and become obese this can cause: • Heart disease or a stroke• Diabetes• certain types of cancer• High blood pressure • High cholesterol• Abnormal menstrual cycles• Infertility• Arthritis• Liver problems• Gallbladder problems• Sleep apnoeas (this is caused by an obstruction of air entering the

lungs)• Difficulty with breathing

However obesity is not just the case.

• We have talked about being obese so what about being really thin?

• Anorexia is an eating and weight loss disorder which affects people in to eating less because they believe that they need to be thinner however this can lead to big problems. These are low rates in calcium causing bones to be weaker and easily broken, malnutrition due to their unbalanced diets and lack of certain nutrients and also an increase in tiredness because they are not getting sufficient energy from they are eating and they will seek a replacement for this energy through energy drinks and sugar replacements.

Extreme weight loss problems.• It is important that the body has sufficient amounts of fat because otherwise problems can also be caused, these

are:• Changes in body metabolism associated with weight loss leads to a lowering of:• Heart rate • Blood pressure • Breathing rate • Body temperature (which may result in feeling cold) • Other physical symptoms include:

• Thinning or drying of the hair • "Lanugo" hair (a fine hair that develops on the face, back, or arms and legs) • Dry skin • Restlessness and reduced sleep • Yellowish color on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet • Lack of or infrequent menstrual periods • Self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse are associated with physical complications such as:• Swollen salivary glands (evident by swelling on the sides of the face) • Erosion of tooth enamel, increase in dental cavities • Fatigue • Body fluid loss • Bloating, swelling of the feet and ankles • Soreness or tears in the lining of the mouth or throat • Constipation, stomach cramps • Numbness and tingling in the limbs • Dizziness, weakness, fainting

So how do we beat weight problems.

• To prevent weight problems or issues it is vital that a healthy lifestyle is met, which will include eating a very balanced and healthy diet and making sure that the body gets enough exercise but not to much.

• The ideal thing would be to consult a doctor about what type of fitness should be done, how long the duration of sessions should be and how many times the sessions should be done through the week. The amount of times that it should be done will depend on your body structure (weight and height).

Disease control

• Disease control has changed quite a bit because of all of the developments of technology and vaccinations.

Developments in technology

• The developments to hospital technology have seen there being new equipment in the hospital to help to comfort people whilst they are there to make the hospital seem as homely as possible, for example instalments of sky television for patients and new hospital beds so that patients are comfortable and do not want to sign themselves out because they don’t want to stay in a hospital, which could cause problems to their general health.

Health related developments to the hospital

• The health related technology is the development of things such as the x-ray machine and so on which enable doctors to be able to see what is going on inside the body so that they can keep as many people healthy and safe.

Development in vaccinations

• Vaccinations have been developed over the past few years in order to make sure that certain disease can be fought against by an injection of the vaccination. The idea is that a part of the illness or disease, which wont affect the body is injected and the body will create anti-bodies which will be able to fight against the disease or keep it under control.

• To ensure a long and healthy lifestyle, it is vital that fitness and healthy diets are taken into account. It is also helped by the fact that we have had a development of disease control in the past few years. But it is also the fact that if you want to be fit and healthy its all on yourself.

• “Isn't nothing to it, but to do it.”