health education and health prumotion

Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 4

Health Education and Health Promotion

Chapter 4

Health Education and Health Promotion


Health Education TodayHealth Education Today

• Number of factors increased need for, importance of health education

• Teaching: independent function, primary nursing responsibility included in all state practice acts


Purposes of Health EducationPurposes of Health Education

• Allows individuals to make informed decisions regarding life, health

• Helps people adapt to illness, prevent complications, follow prescribed regimens

• Allows people to achieve maximum health potential

• Reduces health care costs, prevents patient/public dissatisfaction


QuestionQuestion

• Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

• Health education is an independent function of nursing and a primary nursing responsibility.


AnswerAnswer

• True.

• Rationale: All nursing care is directed toward promoting, maintaining, and restoring health; preventing illness; and helping people adapt to the residual effects of illness. Many of these nursing activities are accomplished through health education or patient teaching.


Adherence to the Therapeutic Regimen Adherence to the Therapeutic Regimen

• Adherence: process of faithfully following guidelines or directions

• Therapeutic regimen: routine that promotes health, healing


Variables that Influence AdherenceVariables that Influence Adherence

• Demographic: sex, race, age, education, socioeconomic status

• Illness

• Complexity of regimen, side effects

• Psychosocial: intelligence, availability of support person, religious or cultural variables

• Finances: direct, indirect costs of regimen


Teaching and LearningTeaching and Learning

• Learning: act of gaining knowledge, skill

• Teaching: imparting of knowledge

• Learning readiness: optimal time for learning to occur

– Usually corresponds to learner’s perceived need, desire to obtain specific knowledge


The Learning EnvironmentThe Learning Environment

• Setting up learning environment

• Formal vs. informal

• Interpersonal aspects

• Physical environment

• Selection of time


Strategies and TechniquesStrategies and Techniques

• Discussion

• Group teaching

• Demonstration, practice

• Teaching resources

• Reinforcement, follow-up


The Teaching Care PlanThe Teaching Care Plan

• Use of nursing process

• Assessment

• Nursing diagnosis

• Planning

• Implementation

• Evaluation


AssessmentAssessment

• Assess person’s readiness for health education

• Organize, analyze, synthesize, summarize collected data


Nursing DiagnosisNursing Diagnosis

• “Ineffective therapeutic regimen”

• “Knowledge deficit”

– Diagnosis should be used cautiously because knowledge deficit is not human response (Carpenito-Moyet, 2008; NANDA International, 2007)

• Nursing diagnosis relates specifically to learning needs, serves as guide in development of teaching plan


PlanningPlanning

• Establish priorities

• Determine goals in collaboration with patient

• Identify teaching strategies

• Establish expected outcomes

• Develop written plan

• Involve learner, family, team


ImplementationImplementation

• Health care team carries out teaching plan

• Use appropriate language, teaching aides

• Encourage active learning

• Be flexible, creative

• Provide feedback

• Record responses

• Nurse coordinates teaching activities


EvaluationEvaluation

• Vital part of process

• Do not assume that since teaching has been done that learning has been achieved

• Evaluate if goals, expected outcomes have been met

• Ask questions: “What can be done to improve teaching and enhance learning?”

• Conduct follow-up evaluation


QuestionQuestion

• A nurse identifies that a patient is unable to identify the correct number of oral medication to take each morning. Which step of the nursing process does this problem involve?

A.Assessment

B.Planning

C.Implementation

D.Evaluation


AnswerAnswer

• A. Assessment

• Rationale: Planning involves developing the written teaching plan including diagnosis, goals, teaching strategies and expected outcomes. Implementation is putting the teaching plan into action. Evaluation is determining if the goals were achieved.


Modifying the Teaching Plan to the Needs of the IndividualModifying the Teaching Plan to the Needs of the Individual

• Teaching strategies for teaching people with disabilities

• Cultural-assessment components to consider when formulating teaching plan


Health Promotion and WellnessHealth Promotion and Wellness

• Health: dynamic, ever-changing condition that enables people to function at optimal potential

• Wellness: reflection of health; not the same for every person

• Health promotion: those activities that assist people in developing resources that maintain or enhance well-being, improve quality of life

– Focuses on person’s potential for wellness


Health Promotion TheoriesHealth Promotion Theories

• Health belief model

• Health promotion models


Health Promotion PrinciplesHealth Promotion Principles

• Self-responsibility: personal accountability for one’s actions or behavior

• Nutrition awareness: deal with food, nourishment

• Stress reduction and management: behaviors, techniques used to strengthen person’s resources against stress

• Physical fitness: condition of being physically healthy from proper exercise, nutrition


Health Promotion Across the Life SpanHealth Promotion Across the Life Span

• Variables that affect health promotion

• Health screening

• Promotion of safety/healthy lifestyle practices

• Gerontologic considerations


Role of the NurseRole of the Nurse

• Nurses have vital role in health care promotion

• Nurses have responsibility to

– Foster well-being, self-actualization, personal fulfillment

– Promote positive health care attitudes, behaviors


QuestionQuestion

• Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

• The health promotion model identifies why some individuals choose to foster health and others refuse to participate.


AnswerAnswer

• True.

• Rationale: The health promotion model is based on social learning theory and emphasizes the importance of motivational factors in acquiring and sustaining health promotion behaviors.

health education and health prumotion

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