Health Education (2)

8/2/2019 Health Education (2)

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HEALTH EDUCATION

Charity Leene San Juan Gaspar, RN, MAN


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What Is Health Education?health education attempts to close the

gap between what is known about

optimum health practice and that whichis actually practiced. (Griffiths, 1972)

any combination of learningexperiences designed to facilitatevoluntary adaptations of behaviorconducive to health. (Green, 1980)


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Purpose of Health Education To change individual behavior

To change behavior of enoughindividuals that overall statistics willchange.

To achieve change through a variety of

techniques motivate individuals to change

force individuals to change


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Health EducationHealth education is the process

by which individuals and groupof people learn to :

Promote

Maintain

Restore health

Education for health beginswith people as they are, withwhatever interests they may

have in improving their livingconditions.


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Where Did Health Education Come

From? Three main settings:

Communities

Schools

Patient care sites


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Changes in Health Education Changes in the prevalent health issues at

individual, community, and national level

have driven different perspective of how wedo health education.

Leading causes of morbidity (acute to chronic)

Leading causes of mortality (lifestyle issues)

This has led to a shift from the 1970s &1980s emphasis on health as an individuallevel issue to our current recognition of the

broader social influences on health


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Bottom Line[H]ealth education is concerned not

only with the individuals and their

families, but also with the institutionsand social conditions that impede orfacilitate individuals toward achieving

optimum health. (Griffiths, 1972)


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Health education or Health Promotion?

Health education is defined as:

Any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitatevoluntary adaptation of behavior conducive to health.

This definition imply:- All possible channels of influence on health are appropriately combined and

designed to support adaptation of behavior.

- The wordvoluntaryis significant for ethical reasons.

(Nurse educators should not force people to do what they dont wantto do )

i.e. All efforts should be done to help people make decisions and have theirown choices.

- The worddesignedrefers to planned, integral, intended activities rather

than casual, incident, trivial experiences.


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Health education or Health Promotion? With rising criticism that traditional H.E. was too

narrow, focused on individuals lifestyle and couldbecome victim blaming, more work was done about

wider issues eg. social policy, environmental safetymeasures

( EMERGENCE of HEALTH PROMOTION )


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Health Promotion:

Is any combination of educational, organizational, economic andenvironmental support for behaviors and conditions of livingconducive to health .

Health Promotion is a widely used term to encompass variousactivities eg. :

Behavior & lifestyle,

Preventive health services,

Health protection directed at environment,

Health related public policy, Economic & regulatory measures.

(Health Education is the primary and dominant measure in Health

Promotion ).


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Health Promotion United States:the science and art of helping

people change their lifestyle toward a state ofoptimum health. (ODonnell, 1989).

Canada:the process of enabling people toincrease control over, and to improve, theirhealth.reducing inequities, extending.prevention,and helping people to cope with theircircumstances.creating environments conducive tohealth, in which people are better able to take careof themselves. (Epp, 1986)


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AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION:1. To develop a sense of responsibility for health

conditions, as individuals, as members of families &communities.

(Promotion ,prevention of disease & early diagnosisand management ).

2. To promote and wisely use the available healthservices.

3. To be part of all education, and to continuethroughout whole span of life.


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Process of health education: Dissemination of scientific

knowledge

(about how to promote andmaintain health),

leads to changes in KAPrelated to such changes.


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Steps for adopting new ideas & practices :

AWARENESS (Know about new ideas)

INTEREST (Seeks more details ) EVALUATION(Advantages versus disadvant.+ testing usefulness )

TRIAL (Decision put into practice)

ADOPTION (person feels newidea is goodand adopts it)


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CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION: Nutrition

Health habits

Personal hygiene

Safety rules

Basic (K) of disease & preventivemeasures

Mental health

Proper use of health services Sex education

Special education for groups( fdhandlers, occupations, mothers, schoolhealth etc. )

Principles of healthy life style e.g.slee exercise


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Principles of health education:

Interest

Participation

Motivation

Comprehension

Proceeding from the known to theunknown

Reinforcement through repetition

Good human relations People, facts and media:

knowledgeable, attractive , acceptable .


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Principles of health education:

Learning by doing:

If I hear, I forget

If I see, I remember

If I do, I know.

Motivation,

i.e. awakening the desire to know and learn:

- Primary motives, e.g. inborn desires , hunger, sex.- Secondary motives,

i.e. desires created by incentives such as praise, love, recognition,competition.


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Communication in health education:

Education is primarily a matter of communication, thecomponents of which are:

CHANNELS AUDIENCE MESSAGE COMMUNICATOR

- Individual - Conform with - Educator- Media - Group objectives.

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- 2 way - Public - understandable - needs+ interest

of audience

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- 1 way - Public - Acceptable - ? Content of

message

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Evaluation of health education programs:

There should be continuousevaluation.

Evaluation should not beleft to the end but should

be done from time to timefor purpose of makingmodifications to achievebetter results.


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EVALUATION CYCLE:

Describe problem Describe program State goals Determine needed

information

Modify program Establish basis for

proof of effectiveness

Analyze &compare Organize data Develop& test Determine data

results base instruments collecting method


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Health Behavior

The actions of individuals, groups, andorganizations as well as the

determinants, correlates, andconsequences of these actions. Social change

Policy development and implementation

Improved coping skills

Enhanced quality of life

Etc.


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Where Does Health EducationHappen?

Everywhere!

Schools

Communities

Worksites

Health Care Sites Homes

Consumer Marketplace


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Who Receives Health Education?

Potentially, everyone and anyone.

To be effective, though, health

education efforts must be tailoredcorrectly for the recipients (targetaudience), their health status, and their

beliefs, attitudes, skills, and pastbehaviors.


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Target Audience Analysis

In a very real sense, much of what wewill be doing this semester is designed

to help us understand the audience ofour health education programming.

Youll be doing the hard-coreprogramming side of it HST 4250, butwhat you do in that class is built onwhat you learn in this class.


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Key Factors to Remember

SES

Ethnicity

Life Cycle Stage

Health Status (disease status)

Risk status Power Gap

Accessibility of Services


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The Challenge

Understanding and improving health isthe central challenge of public policy

today. But.in order to create sound policy

(the most efficient way to effect sometypes of health behavior and healthstatus change), sound, accurateinformation about health behaviorchange is needed.


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