Poverty and the HIV Health Disparity The Season for Change Advent Study Week Two.
Health disparity final
Transcript of Health disparity final
I N F A N T M O R T A L I T Y R A T E A M O N G A F R I C A N A M E R I C A N A N D T H E G E N E R A L P O P U L A T I O N O F
M A S S A C H U S E T T S
T H U L E , P E T R E N A S O M E R V I L L E , J O S E P H I N E D E N N I S
Health Disparity 1
Health Disparity
Health Disparity : A health condition or disease that is higher for one group than the general public.
These disparities can stem from many factors : Accessibility of health care
Occupational exposure
Underlying genetic, ethnic, or familial factors.
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Infant Mortality
Infant Mortality : The death of an infant before his or her first birthday
In Massachusetts, Infant Mortality rate is high in African Americans.
African American women are four times more likely than any other race to experience infant deaths related to cord and placental complications.
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Infant Mortality Rate
Infant Mortality Rate : An estimate of the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births.
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Evidence of Disparity
Compared to other races, the prevalence in infant mortality rates of African American group is alarming.
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Race
African American
White (non-hispanic)
Hispanic
Asian/ Pacific Islander
Infant Mortality Rate Based on Race in Massachusetts from 2006-2009
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Race/Hispanic Ethnicity Report - Birth and Perinatal Indicators. (2014, January 1). Health and Human Services. Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/researcher/community-health/masschip/birth-and-perinatal-indicators.html
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Infant Mortality Rates Massachusetts vs. Worcester
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African-American
White (non-hispanic)
State
Worcester
Infant Mortality Rate based on Race Between the State and Area from 2006-2009
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Race/Hispanic Ethnicity Report - Birth and Perinatal Indicators. (2014, January 1). Health and Human Services. Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/researcher/community-health/masschip/birth-and-perinatal-indicators.html
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Why Is High Infant Mortality Considered a Disparity?
African American women are four times more likely than any other race to experience infant deaths related to cord and placental complications
Infants born to black women are 1.5 to 3 times more likely to die than those born to women of races.
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High Infant Mortality Rates in African American Women
• African American women are more likely to experience infant mortality in the first year of their child’s life.
• Infant deaths are caused by:
• Low birth weight
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
• Maternal complications during pregnancy
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Leading Causes of Infant Mortality Statistics
Cause ofDeath
(by rank)
# African American
Deaths(Raw
Numbers)
AfricanAmerican
Death Rate
#Non-Hispanic
White Deaths(Raw
Numbers)
Non-Hispanic
White Death Rate
(1) Low-Birth weight
1,734 284.5 1,629 73.6
(2) Congenital Malformations
960 157.5 2,638 119.2
(3) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome(SIDS)
614 100.7 1,213 54.8
(4) Maternal Complications
515 84.5 682 30.8
Infant Deaths and Mortality Rates for the Top Four Leading Causes of Death for African Americans, 2009 (Rates per 100,000 Live Births)
Infant Mortality and African Americans . (2013, January 1). Infant Mortality and African Americans. Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx?ID=3021
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Social Determinants of Infant Mortality 10
Causes of Premature Deliveries and Low Birth Weight Infants in the African American Community
Some of the causes include:
o Late or no prenatal care
o Miscommunication
o Nutrition deficiencies
o Minimal social support
o Late or no prenatal care
o Substance abuse
o Teen pregnancy
o Maternal complications
o Smoking
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Prenatal Care in African American Women
Prenatal care: A type of preventative care for pregnant women
African-American women are more likely to get late or no prenatal care
Most women are not able to get this type of care due to financial and insurance problems.
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Prenatal Care in African American Statistics
49%
51%
Percentage of Mothers Who
Received Prenatal Care Starting in the
First Trimester, 2011
AfricanAmerican
Non-HispanicWhite
70%
30%
Percentage of Live Births in Which
Mother Received Prenatal Care Starting in the Third Trimester
or Did Not Receive Prenatal Care, 2008
AfricanAmerican
Non-HispanicWhite
Infant Mortality and African Americans . (2013, January 1). Infant Mortality and African Americans. Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx?ID=3021
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Ways to Reduce Risks of Infant Mortality
Safe sleeping practices
Adequate prenatal care
Reduce the number of teen pregnancies
Increase the number of mothers who breastfeed
Health campaigns • "Back to Sleep" campaign
• Folic acid campaign’
Worcester Health Start Initiative Program
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The Worcester Health Start Initiative Program What is
this program
?
Who created
this program
?
What does it
do?
What did they hope
to achieve?
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Worcester’s Infant Mortality Rate : Taking It To The Streets!
Worcester has a higher rate than the state average and nation’s average
This program was created to reduce the disparity which show successes over the past 9 years.
It provides pregnant women prenatal care and several other social support services in the community.
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Worcester’s Infant Mortality Rate : Spreading The Word!
Worcester has received a grant to study the disparities relating to infant mortality
Worcester Department of Public Health and other city agencies are working closely to address ways to lower the IMR in African Americans
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Epidemiology of Infant Mortality 18
Conclusion 19
Citations
• Cohen, B., & O’Keefe, J. (2007, January 1). Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities by EOHHS Regions in Massachusetts. . Retrieved July 17, 2014, from http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/research-epi/disparity-report.pdf
• Cantwell, M., Chau, L., Kohistani, F., & Sadraei, A. (2014, January 1). Talking about Food: Improving Communication Between Ghanaian Women and Medical Practitioners. . Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-030914-205013/unrestricted/IQPFinalReport.pdf
• Infant Mortality and African Americans . (2013, January 1). Infant Mortality and African Americans. Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx?ID=3021
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