Health Consequences of Energy Choices: The Energy Exercise Crispin Pierce, Ph.D.
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Transcript of Health Consequences of Energy Choices: The Energy Exercise Crispin Pierce, Ph.D.
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Health Health Consequences of Consequences of
Energy ChoicesEnergy Choices: The : The Energy ExerciseEnergy Exercise
Crispin Pierce, Ph.D.Crispin Pierce, Ph.D.
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OutlineOutline How do we use energy?How do we use energy? How do we classify health consequences from energy use?How do we classify health consequences from energy use? What sources of energy do we have?What sources of energy do we have?
CoalCoal Natural gasNatural gas Diesel and biodieselDiesel and biodiesel SolarSolar WindWind BiomassBiomass NuclearNuclear HydroelectricHydroelectric
The Energy ExerciseThe Energy Exercise Questions?Questions?
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Uses of EnergyUses of Energy
Non-renewable: coal, gas, oil, and nuclear.Non-renewable: coal, gas, oil, and nuclear.Renewable: solar, wind, biomass, Renewable: solar, wind, biomass,
biodiesel.biodiesel.TransportationTransportationHeatingHeatingManufacturingManufacturing
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Health ConsequencesHealth ConsequencesTIMETIME
Immediate/short-term (e.g., refinery explosion)Immediate/short-term (e.g., refinery explosion)Long-term (e.g., cancer)Long-term (e.g., cancer)
REVERSABILITYREVERSABILITYTemporary injury (e.g., skin burn from gasoline Temporary injury (e.g., skin burn from gasoline
spill)spill)Permanent disability (e.g., lung disease from coal Permanent disability (e.g., lung disease from coal
plant emissions)plant emissions)CONTROLABILITYCONTROLABILITY
““Voluntary” (e.g., driving a car)Voluntary” (e.g., driving a car)““Involuntary” (e.g., nuclear plant risk)Involuntary” (e.g., nuclear plant risk)
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CoalCoal
AdvantagesAdvantages Large US reservesLarge US reserves Known technologyKnown technology Potential for lowering Potential for lowering
mercury emissions.mercury emissions.
Health RisksHealth Risks Acid rainAcid rain Mercury in fishMercury in fish Particulate matterParticulate matter Global warmingGlobal warming Degraded water Degraded water
qualityquality
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Natural Gas and OilNatural Gas and Oil
Advantages:Advantages: Known technologyKnown technology Infrastructure existsInfrastructure exists
Health RisksHealth Risks Air pollution (NOAir pollution (NOxx, ,
particulates, CO)particulates, CO) Drilling, piping, and Drilling, piping, and
refining effectsrefining effects Global warmingGlobal warming Natural protection Natural protection
losseslosses Wars over oil suppliesWars over oil supplies
Photo: EcotechDaily
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Diesel and BiodieselDiesel and Biodiesel
AdvantagesAdvantages Can be less expensiveCan be less expensive Biodiesel is renewableBiodiesel is renewable
Health EffectsHealth Effects Particulate emissions Particulate emissions
cause lung disease cause lung disease and cancerand cancer
Refining and Refining and production job risksproduction job risks
Photo: Thoroughbred Diesel
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NuclearNuclear
AdvantagesAdvantages Very low emissionsVery low emissions Relatively safeRelatively safe
Health EffectsHealth Effects Major water needs for Major water needs for
coolingcooling Extremely toxic spent Extremely toxic spent
fuel materials cause fuel materials cause cancercancer
Extremely long half-Extremely long half-lives of these wasteslives of these wastes
Terrorism and war (?)Terrorism and war (?)
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WindWind AdvantagesAdvantages
RenewableRenewable Very low impactVery low impact Local generationLocal generation
Health RisksHealth Risks Bird losses:Bird losses:
Vehicles: 60 - 80 million Vehicles: 60 - 80 million Buildings and Windows: Buildings and Windows:
98 - 980 million 98 - 980 million Powerlines: tens of Powerlines: tens of
thousands - 174 million thousands - 174 million Communication Towers: 4 Communication Towers: 4
- 50 million - 50 million Wind Generation Wind Generation
Facilities: 10,000 - 40,000 Facilities: 10,000 - 40,000 Installation and operation Installation and operation
accidentsaccidents Marine mammal disruption Marine mammal disruption
from offshore installation from offshore installation and operationand operation
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Solar HeatingSolar Heating
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Local generationLocal generation Low impactLow impact
Health RisksHealth Risks Allergenic molds and Allergenic molds and
fungifungi Environmental costs of Environmental costs of
materials to produce materials to produce solar systemssolar systems
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Solar PhotovoltaicSolar Photovoltaic
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Local generationLocal generation Creates electricityCreates electricity Low impactLow impact
Health EffectsHealth Effects Battery production and Battery production and
operationoperation Semiconductor Semiconductor
materials production materials production (production of silicon)(production of silicon)
Land space for panels Land space for panels less useful as natural less useful as natural resourceresource
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BiomassBiomass
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Local generationLocal generation SimpleSimple
Health RisksHealth Risks Particulates and lung Particulates and lung
diseasedisease Local deforestationLocal deforestation Agricultural effects: Agricultural effects:
water consumption, water consumption, runoff, herbicides, runoff, herbicides, pesticidespesticides
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HydroelectricHydroelectric
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Regulated supplyRegulated supply
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Potential exposure to Potential exposure to
pathogenspathogens Disruption of natural Disruption of natural
water filtrationwater filtration
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Global Warming EffectsGlobal Warming Effects
Heat deaths (70,000 people died in the Heat deaths (70,000 people died in the summer of 2003).summer of 2003).
Spread of mosquito, tick and other insect-Spread of mosquito, tick and other insect-borne diseases.borne diseases.
Increased air pollution death and Increased air pollution death and diseases.diseases.
Disruption of food production.Disruption of food production.
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CO2 Causes Global WarmingCO2 Causes Global Warming
Generate CO2Generate CO2 CoalCoal OilOil GasGas Waste combustionWaste combustion DieselDiesel
CO2 NeutralCO2 Neutral BiomassBiomass EthanolEthanol Solar Solar WindWind TidalTidal GeothermalGeothermal NuclearNuclear BiodieselBiodiesel
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Renewable Energy is Not Renewable Energy is Not Risk-FreeRisk-Free
Health risks from renewable energy Health risks from renewable energy sources come from the large amounts of sources come from the large amounts of material and labor needed, as well as material and labor needed, as well as energy backup and storage requirements.energy backup and storage requirements.
The diagram on the next page represents The diagram on the next page represents short- and long-term health risks from short- and long-term health risks from different sources of energy. Which different sources of energy. Which sources are most dangerous? Which are sources are most dangerous? Which are safest?safest?
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Haddad and Dones, IAEA
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Gohlke et al. (2008)Gohlke et al. (2008)
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Energy conservation avoids all Energy conservation avoids all these risks.these risks.
http://www.homesalameda.org/graphics/urban.jpg
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The Energy ExerciseThe Energy ExerciseGoal:Goal: To understand how energy use To understand how energy use
choices affect our health, finances, and choices affect our health, finances, and comfort.comfort.Setup: Setup: Each participant receives ten Each participant receives ten credits of health, money, and comfort credits of health, money, and comfort credits.credits.Play:Play: Ten year-round energy “choices” are Ten year-round energy “choices” are made.made.
Result:Result: Participants learn about how their Participants learn about how their choices affect their quality of life.choices affect their quality of life.
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Get your pencil ready! Create three columns with the labels below, Get your pencil ready! Create three columns with the labels below, starting with ten in each column. As you answer each question on the starting with ten in each column. As you answer each question on the
following pages, add or subtract to each column.following pages, add or subtract to each column.
HealthHealth CostCost ComfortComfort
1010
1212
1111
1010
77
99
1010
88
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HousingHousing
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
I Choose a House I Choose a House and Lawn in the and Lawn in the CountryCountry
-3-3 -2-2 +2+2
House in the CityHouse in the City +1+1 -2-2 +1+1
Condo DowntownCondo Downtown +2+2 +1+1
CostCost
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Your YardYour Yard
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
Tidy LawnTidy Lawn -2-2 -1-1
Native LandscapeNative Landscape +1+1 -1-1
Anything GoesAnything Goes +1+1 +2+2 -1-1
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Summer HeatSummer Heat
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
Air Conditioning for a Air Conditioning for a Hot SummerHot Summer
-2-2 -1-1 +2+2
Open Windows and a Open Windows and a FanFan
+1+1 +1+1
Sweating it OutSweating it Out +1+1 +2+2 -1-1
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Trips to the CabinTrips to the Cabin
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
Weekend Trips to the Weekend Trips to the CabinCabin
-1-1 -2-2
One Trip with FriendsOne Trip with Friends +1+1
Backyard/Local Backyard/Local CampingCamping
+2+2 -1-1
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TravelTravel
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
Flying to a Good Flying to a Good Friend’s WeddingFriend’s Wedding
-2-2 -2-2 +2+2
Taking a BusTaking a Bus +1+1 +1+1
Stay Home and Send Stay Home and Send a Gifta Gift
+2+2 +1+1
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FoodFood
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
A Month of SteaksA Month of Steaks -3-3 -2-2 +1+1
Meat 3x Per WeekMeat 3x Per Week -2-2 -1-1 +1+1
Going VeggieGoing Veggie +3+3 +2+2 -1-1
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TransportationTransportation
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
New SUVNew SUV -2-2 -3-3 +2+2
Used PriusUsed Prius -1-1 +1+1
Nice BikeNice Bike +3+3 +3+3 -2-2
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HeatHeat
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
Winter Warmth from Winter Warmth from Oil/GasOil/Gas
-2-2 -1-1 +1+1
Insulation and Solar Insulation and Solar HeatingHeating
+2+2
Blankets and Hot Blankets and Hot ChocolateChocolate
+2+2 +2+2 -2-2
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Food ChoicesFood Choices
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
Summer Fruit in Summer Fruit in WinterWinter
-1-1 +1+1
Local Restaurants Local Restaurants and Foodand Food
+2+2 +1+1
Organically-Grown Organically-Grown Food and Food and PreservesPreserves
+3+3 +1+1 -2-2
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Winter SportsWinter Sports
ActivityActivity HealthHealth MoneyMoney ComfortComfort
SnowmobilingSnowmobiling -3-3 -2-2 +2+2
Downhill SkiingDownhill Skiing -2-2 +2+2
X-Country SkiingX-Country Skiing +3+3 +2+2 -1-1
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Which category has the highest Which category has the highest score?score?
Comfort?Comfort?Finances?Finances?Health?Health?
Did you learn about how your choices Did you learn about how your choices affect your health (and the health of all of affect your health (and the health of all of us)?us)?
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SummarySummary
All energy sources have health All energy sources have health consequences.consequences.
Coal, oil and gas cause the most death Coal, oil and gas cause the most death and disability of all energy sources.and disability of all energy sources.
Renewable energy causes death and Renewable energy causes death and disability from the large amounts of disability from the large amounts of material and labor needed, as well as material and labor needed, as well as energy backup and storage requirements.energy backup and storage requirements.
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Energy conservation greatly reduces these Energy conservation greatly reduces these health risks.health risks.
Individual lifestyle choices directly and Individual lifestyle choices directly and indirectly impact our health.indirectly impact our health.
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Thanks for your Attention!Thanks for your Attention!
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ReferencesReferences
Haddad and Dones, IAEA: Haddad and Dones, IAEA: http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull333/33302041419.pdf
Gohlke et al. (2008):Environ Health Gohlke et al. (2008):Environ Health Perspect. 2008 June; 116(6): A236–A23, Perspect. 2008 June; 116(6): A236–A23, Economy, and Environment: Sustainable Economy, and Environment: Sustainable Energy Choices for a Nation; Julia M. Energy Choices for a Nation; Julia M. Gohlke, Sharon H. Hrynkow, and Gohlke, Sharon H. Hrynkow, and Christopher J. PortierChristopher J. Portier
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Contact InformationContact Information
Crispin Pierce, PhDCrispin Pierce, [email protected] (715) 836-5589(715) 836-5589