Health And Built Env. (Kevin Work)
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The Built Environment, Public Health and Climate
Change
Kevin WorkGraduate Student, Department of Urban and
Regional Planning, Florida State University
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The Built Environment
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The Built Environment’s Effect on Public Health
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Behavioral Consequences
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ObesityObesity results from a complex interaction
between diet, physical activity, and the environment.
The built environment encompasses a range of physical and social elements that make up the structure of a community and may influence obesity.
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Obesity and Climate Change
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2008
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
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1999
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 1999, 2008
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)
2008
1990
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
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The Trend Continues…
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Florida is 17th highest of overweight youths (ages 10-17) at 33.1 percent
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Simple Solutions…Each kilometre (.62 mile) walked per
day was associated with a 4.8% reduction in the
likelihood of obesity (Frank et al., 2004
Each additional hourspent in a car per day was associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of obesity (Frank et al., 2004)
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ASK YOURSELF
What Are Your Alternatives?
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Take A Walk On The Wild Side
Current Trends in Florida
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We’re Number One!!
Top 3 States in Pedestrian Fatalities (per 100,000 population), 2008.
2.67
2.41 2.40
1.44
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3
US Average Florida Delaware Louisiana
States
Pe
de
str
ian
Fa
tali
ty R
ate
(p
er 1
00,0
00 P
opul
atio
n)
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Florida National Ranking for Bicycle Fatalities
#1 in 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006,
2007.
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WAIT A MINUTE!Florida is #1 in Pedestrian and Bicycle Deaths BUT your telling us to walk and bike more!
What’s The DEAL?!
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How we’ve planned our cities and our lifestyle choices are NOT
working… It’s time to ask ourselves…
What are our alternatives??
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Air Quality and Built Environment
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Air Quality and Respiratory Health
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Shake, Rattle and SMOG
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Georgia On My Mind1996 Summer Olympics Games in
Atlanta, Georgia Efforts to decrease traffic resulted in a
peak morning traffic decrease of 23% During this time, peak ozone levels
decreased 28% Acute asthma events decreased 42%
in the Georgia Medicaid Claims file, 44% in a health maintenance organization, 11% in 2 pediatric emergency rooms, and 19% in the Georgia Hospital Discharge database.
During the same period, children’s emergency visits for causes other than asthma did not change.
Frumkin, Howard. Environmental Health From Global to Local, First Edition. John Wiley and Sons, 2008.
Morning Traffic: -23%
Ozone Levels: -28%
Acute Asthma: -42%
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AtlantaBy making it easier to ride the transit, got people out of their
cars!
Tra
ffic
What were the co-benefits for Atlanta?
Asth
ma
Gre
en H
ouse
Gase
s
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Great For Atlanta…
But What Does That Mean For Me?
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Average Annual Household Expenditures, 2004 Proportion of Total Expenditure
32%
13%
10%
7%
6%
5%
4%4% 2%
17%
shelter (home mortgage orrent)car ownership & operatingexpensesfood
pensions & Social Securitycontributionsutilities
health care
entertainment
clothing
household furnishing
education
Dept. of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, Author Created Chart, 2010
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Household Cost of Owning a Vehicle (per quintiles of income), 2006.
2006 household cost of owning a vehicle per quintiles of income. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Item
Lowest 20% of Income Earners
Second 20% of Income Earners
Third 20% of Income Earners
Fourth 20% of Income Earners
Highest 20% of Income Earners
Total $2,856 $5,058 $7,310 $9,571 $15,198
Purchase $987 $1,954 $2,940 $3,774 $7,442
Gasoline/Oil $991 $1,624 $2,182 $2,829 $3,508
Other $879 $1,489 $2,188 $2,968 $4,248
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Money Spent on Filling Up:
(Twice a month) (15 gallons x $3.00gl) = $1080
What happens when hits …$4 a gallon: $1440$5 a gallon: $1800
What are the Co-Benefits to driving less?
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How Much is TOO MUCH?
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Going Green… SAVES GREEN!Try to drive less and walk more!Encourage carpooling to work/school
Encourage public transportation use
If you do take a car, maintain itProperly inflated tires can improve gas mileage by 3%
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Before You Fill That Tank.
Ask Yourself:
What are my alternatives?
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2 Minute Warning!
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Co-Benefits
Reduced Respiratory disease, Traffic injuries, Stress
Increased Physical Activity, Social
Capital
Reduced Traffic
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ALWAYS ASK YOURSELF…
What are my alternatives?
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STOP Climate Change From HOME… AND Save Money!
As Temperatures Go Up… SO DOES YOUR ELECTRIC BILL!!
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When At Home•Recycle
•Change your light bulbs
•Buy a water filter, STOP PAYING for water bottles!
•Limit Television Viewing
•Make weekly trips to stores instead of daily
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When At WorkPack Your LunchShare RidesPurchase Reusable Water
Container, NO MORE PLASTIC!Encourage Recycling Programs and
Habits TAKE THE STAIRS!
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ALWAYS ASK YOURSELF…
What are my alternatives?
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Thank You
Kevin WorkGraduate Student, Department of Urban and
Regional Planning, Florida State University