Healing Wounded Site Through Movement: Design Diary
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Transcript of Healing Wounded Site Through Movement: Design Diary
DESIGN DIARYHEALING WOUNDED SITE THROUGH MOVEMENT
Teck Kang Poh
2
CONTENT
Chapter 1: PRIMER INVESTIGATION 1.1 Primer Precedent Study 4 1.2SimulationofPedestrianMovementPattern 7 1.33DStudioMaxCrowdSystem 8 1.4TypicalPedestrianMovementBehaviorsandTheirPatterns 9 1.5PedestrianMovementTestModelanditsIterations 12 1.6FromPrimertoDesign 16
Chapter 2: SITE, SITE ANALYSIS, STRATEGIES, PROGRAMME, PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT SIM 2.1Introduction 18 2.2Site 19 2.3 Site Macro Strategy 23 2.4ProjectProposalBrief 25 2.5ClientsandTheirRequirements,andProgrammeBrief 26 2.6SiteAnalysisandStrategy 29 2.7ProgrammeFramework 41 2.8PedestrianSimulationonGraoundLevel 43
Chapter 3: CONCEPTS AND PRECEDENT STUDIES 3.1DesignConcepts 48 3.2DesignPrecedents 50
Chapter 4: DESIGN THESIS DEVELOPMENT 4.1MassingModels 55 4.2SchematicDesign 56 4.3EnvironmentalandTectonicStrategy 57
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1.0PRIMERINVESTIGATION
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1.1 PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
BranchingandSubdivisiononaLeaf
Istartedtheprimerbystudyingprecedentsbasedonthemesofbranchingandsubdivision.Thefirstoneisbranchingandsubdivisiononaleaf.
Thisprecedentstudyaimstoinvestigatehowaleafisformedtoworkefficientlyunderinfluencefromdifferentnaturalelements(sun,water,gravityetc).Lessonsshouldbelearnedfromnature,onhowspatialorganisationandbuiltformshouldcorrespondtotheelementsinthecontextwhichwill influenceindirectlyordirectlytothebuiltenvironment.Theseelements includesun,wind,circulation,topography,socio-economy,views,linkage,etc.Thesearethevariableswhichthepa-rametersofthedesignarecorrespondingto.
Theimageonthebottomleftistheexplodedexonometricviewoftheleafsurface,highlightingthestructureoftheveinsandthespacesin-between.
Subdivisions of the leaf workon the collection of sunlightenergy through photosyntesis,absorbingCO2andreleasingO2 astheby-products.
Branches of veins work ontransporting the water andmineralfromtherootsintotheleaf, and also transporting sapwith dissolved sucrose out oftheleaf.
PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
5PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
HardbruckeStationSBBWorkstation
AltstettenStation
Logistic
ZurichCentralStation
Zurich Rail Track Field
ThisprecedentstudyonrailtrackfieldwestofZurichspecificallylooksathowtwodifferentusesoftherailtrackfieldforpublictransportandforproducelogistic,trainparkingandtrainmaintenanceintervenewithoneanother.Thepublictransportrailtracksweavingtheirwaythroughthemassiverailtrackfield(logistic,parkingandmaintenance)andhencebranchouttodifferentdestinations,creatingthiscomplexyetlogicalpattern.
Redlinesandspotsindicatetherailtracksforproducelogistic,trainparkingandtrainmaintenancewhileblacklinesindicatetherailtracksforpublictransport.Theyellowcolouredareaindicatesthetrainstations.
6PRIMER PRECEDENT STUDY
ForbiddenCity,Beijing
TheimageshowstheforbiddencityinBeijing.Itisawalledcomplex,withinwhichsubdividedintodifferentsmallerpartsandcourtyards,andthereisstrongsenseofhierrachyinthesubdivision,ofwhichdependsonthestatus,theorientationetc.Thereissimilaritytohowacityisdividedintodistricts(centraldistricthasdifferentsubdivisionthanotherdistricts),andalsohowamunicipalofficeisdividedintodifferentdepartments.Therefore,thepatternofsubdivisiondependsonnu-merousvariableswithintheframework.
Motorway Interchange at Shanghai
The imageshowsoneofthemotorway interchanges inShanghai.Motorway interchange is themeetingpointofmanybranchesofmotorway.Itenablesseamlessflowoftrafficfromonebranchtoanotherandalsoenablesthebranchesofmotorwaytotapintodifferentareasinthecity.Smallbranchesfromthemainbranchesaretheretoconnectallthemainbranchestogetherandtoen-sureseamlesstrafficflowinamotorwayinterchangeinshanghai.Canbeseenfromthediagramthatthemainbranchessplitoutintosmallbrancheswhichlatercombineagainwithothersmallbranchestoformothermainbranches.Thedesignofthesmallbranchesdependheavilyontheconstraintsofthesite.
Fromthesestudies,Ifoundoutthatbranchingandsubdivisionshappensundercertainrulesandexternalconditions,thattheyhappenforcertainreason.Therefore,theseprocessesareparamet-ricinnature,iewhenoneoftheparametersalters,theresultwillchangeaswell.Subsequently,Iwentonlookingathowpedestriansbehaveunderinfluencefromdifferentparametersinthebuiltenvironment.Inotherwords,howthebuiltenvironmentisdesignedcantoacertainextentdeter-minehowthepedestriansmovearound.
73D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM
1.2 SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT PATTERN
Toinvestigatehowpedestrianbehaveunderdifferentparametersinbuiltenvironment,Ineedtohighlightfirstthe importantpedestrianbehaviors,andhowthesebehaviorsare influencedanddeterminedbythedesignparametersinthebuiltenvironment.Hence,Ineedtosimulatethesebehaviorsinrelationtothedesignparametersintroduced.
Belowisaphysicalmodelshowingunderlyingideabehindpedestrianmovementpattern.Iusedseveralmagnet rods, 2 attractedand sandwiched thepersplex sheet inbetweenbothmagnetrods.Thesepairsofmagnetrodsrepresentthedesignparameters,whentheyaremovedaround,thepatternofthestringattachedinbetweenthesetwomagnetrodschangesaswell.
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1.3 3D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM
Iamusing3DStudioMaxCrowdSystemtosimulatepedestrianmovementpattern.3DStudioMaxCrowdSystemisusedusuallytocreatereal-lifecrowdanimation.Therefore,itisappropriatetobeusedformyprimeroftestingandalteringthecrowdsystemtosimulatepedestrianmovementpattern.Inthecrowdsystem,therearesomebasicmovementbehaviorstosimulatethereal-lifebehaviors.Somereal-lifemovementbehaviorsthatIpostulatedhereinmyprimerarethecombi-nationofdifferentbasicbehaviors.
Acrowdsystemconsistsofacrowdhelperanddelegates.Crowdhelpercanbeusedtoclonedel-egatesanddistributetheclones,addbehaviors,applybehaviorstodelegates,andsolvethecrowdanimation.Thesolvingofacrowdanimationisbasedonparametersthatsetinthecrowdmodel,whichincludesgeometriesinthemodelthatinfluencethebehaviorsandtheparametersofthebehaviors.Thedelegatesarehelperswhichcanbeusedtolinktoobjects,butinmyprimer,theactualformoftheobjectsisnotabigconcern,thereforethedelegatesareusedtoproducetrajec-toriesformypedestrianmovementpatterns,whiledifferentparametersandbehaviorsaffecttheirmovementpattern.
Inthefollowingsection,throughobservingvideofootagesonpublicspacesontheweb, Ihaveidentifiedafewimportantpedestrianmovementbehaviorsandused3DStudioMaxcrowdsystemtosimulatethem.Hence,thesebehaviorsareusedinmytestmodeltoexaminehowchangesoftheparametersinthemodelcantransformpedestrianmovementpattern.
3D STUDIO MAX CROWD SYSTEM
CrowdHelper Delegates
9TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
1.4 TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
Thefollowingdiagramsshowtypicalpedestrianmovementbehaviorsandtheirpatterns.Itistruethatitisimpossibletodissectfullyhowpedestriansmoveandbehaveinpublicspaces.Theyarepartofthecomplexorganismofanurbansystem,wherepluralityofhumanbehaviorsisextensive.Therefore, I have highlighted just a handful of important and most typical pedestrian movement behaviors, which I can use to predict and forecast pedestrian movement pattern in urban and architecture designs.
WANDERING BEHAVIORDelegatesexhibit semi-randomwanderingbehaviorwhich led themtowalkaimlessly, typicallysuitableforashoppingmallorpublicsquare.
AVOID EACH OTHERDelegateswillavoideachotherwhilecontinueonintheirdirections,throughturning,brakingandrepelling.Thisisthemostbasicbehaviorthatalldelegatesexhibit.
AVOID OBSTACLESDelegateswillavoidobstaclesintheirpathandgetrepelledfromtheobstacles.
10TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
POINT ATTRACTORDelegateswillbeattractedtoapointinspacewhilemovingonintheirdirection.
FINITE CIRCULAR ATTRACTOR Delegateswillbeattractedtoafinitecircularobjectinspacewhilemovingonintheirdirection.Theywillbefollowingalongtheattractorsurfaceandthenrepelledfromtheobjectatcertaindis-tancefromtheobject.
FINITE ORTHOGONAL ATTRACTOR Delegateswillbeattractedtoafiniteorthogonalobjectinspacewhilemovingonintheirdirec-tion.Theywillbefollowingalongtheattractorsurfaceandthenrepelledfromtheobjectatcertaindistancefromtheobject.
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SPACE WARP BEHAVIORDelegateswill bewarpedalonga curvedgeometry. Thisbehavior is suitable for situations likewalkingalongathresholdinapublicspace.
PATH FOLLOW BEHAVIORDelegateswillwalkalongdesignatedpathstotheirdestinations.Thisnetworkofpathswhichde-terminethedestinationsandpointofdepartureofthepedestrianscanbealteredinthedesignprocessandsubsequentlypedestrianmovementpatterntransformsaswell.
SURFACE FOLLOW BEHAVIORDelegateswillwalkintheirdirectionsfollowingontheformofthesurfacetheyarewalkingon,forexample,theywillwalkalongthesamecontourlineinsteadoftransversingthecontourlines.
SPEED VARY BEHAVIORThisbehaviorcannotbeshowninthediagram,butitisalsoanessentialbehaviorwheredelegates’speedsvaryrandomly.Thespeedofeverypedestriandifferfromeachotheranddependsontheirphysique.
TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIORS AND THEIR PATTERNS
12PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
1.5 PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
ITERATION 1Thisisthemostbasiciteration,with‘avoideachother’,‘wandering’,‘speedvary’and‘pathfollow’behaviorsapplied.Delegateswillwalk totheirdestinationsdesignated in thenetworkofpathswhileobservingtheotherbasicbehaviors.
ITERATION 2In this iteration,finitecircularattractor is introduced.Canbeseenhere thatdelegatesswayedfromthepathintotheattractor,beforecontinueoninthepathdirections.
13PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
ITERATION 3Inthisiteration,obstaclesareintroducedtoavoiddirectlineofactionfromtheattractoronthedelegates,hencedivertingthedelegatesawayfromtheattractor,diminishingitseffect.
ITERATION 4Inthisiteration,spacewarpsareintroducedtostreamlinethedelegatesmovementpattern.
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ITERATION 5Inthisiteration,theattractorisremovedtoseehowthedelegatesmoveinthespacearoundtheattractor;canbeseenherethatthisspacelooksdesertedandunused.
ITERATION 6Inthisiteration,thedimensionoftheattractorisincreased,toseehowdelegatesmovementpat-ternmightdifferfromthatofiteration4withsmallerattractor.
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
15PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT TEST MODEL AND ITS ITERATIONS
ITERATION 7Inthisiteration,thestrengthoftheattractorisincreased,withhigherattractionforcetoseehowitwill influencethedelegatesmovementpattern.Canbeseenherethatdelegatesspendmoretimeinthespacearoundtheattractor,andconsequentlycreatingdisruptionstotheflowofmove-ment.
ITERATION 8Inthisiteration,oneofthepathsisdeformedandmovedfurtherawayfromtheattractor.Canbeseenherethattheattractorhaslessinfluenceondelegatesmovingonthatpath.
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Organisationoffunctionsand the network of linksbetweenthem.Theexist-ingfeatureshavecreatedconstraints for thedesig-nationofthelinks.
People movement pat-tern simulation andanalyse the quality ofthemovementpattern.
Reiteration of the wholeprocess until desirablepeople movement patternis achieved. The desirablenetworkoflinkswillbecomethe backbone for subse-quentdesignprocesses,andtheformofthearchitecturewill be designed to accom-modate people movementpattern.
Re-organisation of func-tions and subsequentlythe network of links sothat the people move-ment pattern is im-proved.
Introduction of otherfeatures like attractor,space warp elements,etctoimprovethepeo-plemovementpattern.
FROM PRIMER TO DESIGN
1.6 FROM PRIMER TO DESIGN
Primerisaboutpedestrianmovementbehaviorsandhowdesignparameterswillinfluencethesebehaviorsandthesubsequentmovementpattern.Therefore,Iamlookingathowtheideasbehindtheprimercanbeutilisedtoinformthedesignprocessthroughiterationofprocessesasfollows.
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2.0SITE,SITEANALYSIS,STRATEGIES,PROGRAMME,PEDESTRIANMOVEMENTSIM
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2.1 INTRODUCTION
Intheprimer,Ididinvestigationonsimulationofpeoplemovementpatternandhowitcanbeusedtoinforminmysubsequentdesignthesisprocesses.Totestitonthedesignstage,thechosensiteisveryimportant.Itshouldbeabrownfieldordisusedsiteinacityquarter,whereitissegregatedfromthecitycentrebyrailwaysandhighways,andhencehowthesitecanbelinkedbacktothecityandhealedthroughpeoplemovementwillbethemainthemeofthedesignprocesses.
Themethodologyof this designproject is tousemyprimer as the apparatusor tool to simu-latepeoplemovementpatternwhendesignandarchitectureelementsareintroduced.FromthesimulationIcandeterminehowwelladesignedspacemightbe,andsubsequentlythemovementpatternandtheparametersappliedwillbethebackboneformysubsequentdesignprocesses.Al-thoughthesimulationmaynotbeempirical,buttheideabehinditistogetrudimentaryideasandimpressionsonhowthepeoplemightusetheplace,therefore,themovementpatternsimulationcanbeusedasanimportantdesignstartingpoint.
However,thedesignprojectwillnotbebasedsolelyonthesimulation,rather,itwillalsobelookedfrommultiplereadingsofthesite,andsubsequentlythecorrespondingstrategiesfromthesiteanalysiswillbeintegratedtogetherwiththesimulationtoproducewell-thoughtandcontext-sen-sitivedesignprecursors.
INTRODUCTION
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2.2 SITE
ThechosensiteislocatedalongsouthernedgeofcitycentreinCardiff,segregatedfromthecitycentrebyelevatedrailwaytracks.DuringindustrialagewhenCardiffBay(CardiffDocklands)wasatitszenith,theareafromthesitetillthetipofthedocklandsinthesouthhousedthrivingcom-munityandnumerousbasins,docksandcanals,whichwerethebackbonesoftheportofCardiffDocklands.CardiffDocklandswasthebiggestcoalexportingportintheworld,withrailwayusedtotransportcoalfrominlandtotheportforexporting.Railwaytracksanddockswerethecommonsightduringitsheyday,alongsidewiththethrivingcommunityinButetown.
However,afterthecollapseofcoalindustryinthelate50s,theportdeterioratedandsubsequentlylargelybecamedisused. In the late80s,amajor redevelopment for theareacalledCardiffBaystarted.Itisacontroversialredevelopment,asthebuiltenvironmentoftheportwaschangedbe-yondrecognition,withcanalsanddocksfilledupandrailwaytracksremoved,replacedbymostlytypologicalhousingblocks,despite introductionof somestateof theart architecture.Now, itsoriginalcharactersweretheremotepast,withlittletracesofthepast.Theareaisnowsoalien-atedfromthecitycentreanditshistory,wherebothcitycentreandthedocklandswereoncecon-nected,sharingthesamecharactersandpurpose.
DuetotheunsuccessfulofCardiffBaydevelopmenttoheightentheawarenessofCardiffbuiltenvi-ronmentanditsheritage,hence,theprojectshouldbedesigntoaddressthisissue,andisaimedtoincreaseappreciationtowardsCardiffsurvivingheritagebuildingsaswellassubsequentlyincreaseawarenessandparticipationoflocalpopulationinCardiffpresentandfuturebuiltenvironment.
ThesiteissandwichedbetweenCardiffDocklandsandthecitycentre.Therefore,itisthebestsiteforaprojecttore-linkbothsidesofthecity,andtoactastheincubatorforthe‘renaissance’ofCardiffbuilt-environment.Andtore-linkmeanstohealthewoundedsitewithpeoplemovementthroughthesite.
SITE
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Thesite,wherecitycentreislocatedacrosstherailwayattheNorth.Aroundthesiteareofficebuildings(CallaghanSquare)totheWestandproposedCapitalQuarterDevel-
opmenttotheEastofthesite
SITE
21SITE
QUEEN STREETTRAIN STATION
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
500 SPACECAR PARK
PROPOSED NEWPEDESTRIANBRIDGE
CARDIFFINTERNATIONALARENA
ATRIUMUniversity ofGlamorgan
ST DAVIDS /JOHN LEWIS
CAFÉ QUARTERBars, restaurants etc.
To M4
CARDIFF BAY &LINK TO M4MOTORWAY
CENTRAL TRAINSTATION
Cardiff Bay
Cardiff Bay
www.capitalquarter.co.uk
CITY MEETS CENTRE
InadditiontotheCallaghanSquarebusinessparklocatedacrossButeStreettotheWestofthesite,anewdevelopmentnamelyCapitalQuarterisproposedacrossButeDockfeedercanaltotheEastofthesite.Whencompleted,thisdevelopmentconsistsofofficespaces,residentialunitsanduniversitydepartments.Therefore,thisdevelopmentwillcreatedemandforpublicspaces,shopsandgastronomyoutletsinthevicinity.Thechosensitewhichissandwichedbetweenthesetwodevelopmentshashugepotentialtobedevelopedintoaone-stopplaceforpeopleworkingandlivinginthevicinity.
22SITE
Walking towards thesite fromcitycentreunderrailwaybridge
Railwayviaductsalongthenorthernedgeofthesite
Morecarparkingspacesonthesite The West facade of the existingwarehousebuilding
AlongtheeasternedgeofthesiteistheButeDockFeedingCanal
Modernskylinealongthenorthernedgeofthesite,separatingthesiteandbeyondfromcitycentre
The railway viaducts, and the sitewhichisnowusedastemporarycarparkingspaces
The site, viewed from the railwaybridge
Existing industrial-era warehousebuilding,ownedbyWelshNationalOpera,slatedtobedemolished
23SITE MACRO STRATEGY
2.3 SITE MACRO STRATEGY
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Macro Strategy - Heritage Route and Cycling Route
Aheritageandcyclingroute(incollaborationwithOybike)willgothroughtheareawithcontrastingcharactersalongit.Fromthecontroversialdevelopmentatthebaytotheremainingindustrialandportheritagealongtherailwayandthedock,andtothecivicandcitycentreofCardiff,thisroutewillopentheeyesoflocalpeopleandvisitorshowCardiffhastransformed,henceincreas-ingawarenessonthebuilt-environmentofCardiff.Thesiteisatthecentreandanchorpointof theroute,whichwillactasaninformationcentreofCardiffbuiltenvironment,showcasingvitalinfoandhistoryofCardiff,asaplaceforCardiffCityCounciltoshare its vision for the futureofCardiffwith the localpeople,andasaplacewhereworkshopsanddiscussionsonfuturede-velopmentsinCardiffcantakeplace.Oybikerentalstationwillbelocatedonthesitetoimprovethecyclingaccessibilitythroughthe area.
Macro Strategy - Railway Station
Anewrailwaystationwillbebuiltonthesite,toservepatronsfromsurroundingdevelopments,aswellasthelocalpopulation.Atalargerscale,itwillincreasetheaccessibilitytothesitefromlargerextentofthecity
Macro Strategy - Green Belt
RecreationalgreenbeltwillbecreatedstartingfromthesitetoCardiffBayalongtherailwaytracktothebay.
SITE MACRO STRATEGY
25PROJECT PROPOSAL BRIEF
2.4 PROJECT PROPOSAL BRIEF
TheproposedprojectiscalledCardiff Centre for the Built Environment (CCBE), with the main aim toimprovethecity’sfuturearchitecture,urbanplanningandconstructionpractice,sothattheywillbemoresensitivetotheexistingurbantextureofCardiffandtotheenvironment,andsubse-quentlymorewellthoughtandholisticfuturearchitectureandurbandesign.
ItishopedthatbyshowcasingthepastofCardiff’sbuilt-environment,awarenessofitanditstrans-formationwillbeinstilledtothelocalpopulationandthepublic.Consequently,thisprojectisalsoaimedtoopenthebuiltenvironmentsceneinCardifftothelocalpopulationaswellasvisitors,toletthemunderstandandappreciateitspast,andhencetoincludetheirviewsandfeedbackonCardiff’sfuturearchitectureandurbanplanning.ThisplacewillactastheincubatorofviewsandknowledgeonCardiff’sbuiltenvironment,whichemphasizesonthecontributionfromalllevelsofsociety.
Theprojectwillbethemainnodalpointalongtheproposedpublicheritageroute-willactasthesourceofinformationonCardiff’sbuiltenvironmentforpedestrianalongtheroute.Theideaofmakingitthenodalpointontheproposedrouteisaimedtomakethiscentrethemeetingpoint,andsubsequentlydrawpeopleintothegalleriesofCardiff’sbuiltenvironment.Hence,publicrealmisanimportantthemeforthisproject,whereitwillbeembeddedandweavedwithinandwiththepublicroutesandspacesofthecity.
Inadditiontothenodalpointfunctionforthepublicheritageroute,theprojectisalsodesignedasthemeetingplaceforprofessionalplanners,citycouncil,traders,andthepublic,whereplanningworkshopsareheldbetweentheplanners,citycouncilandthepublic,andalsowheretraderscanexhibittheirproducts,thereforeincreasingcompetitionandquality.Also,thisfacilitywillprovidestart-upspacesfornewyoungarchitecturalfirms.
AsanaspirationofthecitycounciltoimproveaccessibilitybetweenCardiffandCardiffBay,arail-waystationwillbeintroducedtothesite,wherebypeoplefromthesurroundingofficesandfuturedevelopmentofCapitalQuarterwillbebenefitedfromthestation.Itwillalsoactasanimportantattractoronthesiteinadditiontootherattractorsproposed-thecentreforthebuiltenvironment,greenbelttoCardiffBayandseriesofpublicspaces.
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ARCHITECTSDEVELOPERS
CONTRACTORSCITY COUNCIL-
DCSWTRADERS
PUBLIC & VISITORS
LOCAL COMMUNITY GROUPS
ConferenceProducts Showcase
Galleries of Development AreasHistory of Cardiff Gallery
Cardiff City Scale Models Gallery
CARDIFF CENTRE FOR BUILT-ENVIRONMENT
Adds Cardiff Built-environment Value
Improves Construction and Plan-ning Scene
City ForumPlanning Workshops
Public SpacesRestaurants & Cafes
Railway Station
Rent
Attract Investments
Sense of Belonging and Pride
Awareness on Cardiff Built Environment and History
Alternative Mode of
Transport to the bay
Improve City Acsessibilty
CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS
2.5 CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS, AND PROGRAMME BRIEF
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PRIVATE(main players in
built-environment)
RSAW(through contribution from major architects)
DevelopersTraders
ContractorsCommercial
Partners
Network Rail
-Champions good design and high quality built environ-ment in through design reviews, public participations and educations.-Networking and business expansion for the architects, developers, construction traders and contractors.
-Operates commercial outlets in the scheme
-Close joint work needed with Network Rail for construc-tion of new train platforms, reuse of the viaducts for com-mercial purposes and upgrading of the elevated rail track section which runs across the site
PUBLIC(governmental architec-
ture and planning organi-sations)
DCSW(Design Commission for
Wales)
Strategic Plan-ning & Environ-
ment(Cardiff City Council)
-Champions good design and high quality built environ-ment in through design reviews, public participations and educations.-Regenerates the site and its surrounding area through urban design. -Showcases the Cardiff urban development plans to the public and encourages public participation in the plan-ning process
Public-Private Partnership
CLIENTS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS
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Programme Brief
Theprogrammesincludegalleriesforthescalemodelsofthecity,historyofthecityanddiffer-entdevelopmentareasinthecity.Thesegallerieswilltogetherformthemaincirculationrouteofthearchitecturalpromenadethroughthefacility.Otherfacilitiesincludeamid-sizedauditorium,roomsforworkshopsandmeetings,andproductexhibitionspace.BesidesthefacilitiesofCCBE,thecommercialpartoftheprojectprovidesspacesforshopsandgastronomyoutlets.PublicspaceandgreenbeltmediateinbetweenCCBEandthecommercialpart.Thecommercialisessentialasitcanproviderevenuetothewholeproject,aswellasattractcrowdintotheproject.
RoughEstimateofAreaRequiredforEachProgramme
GalleryspaceforscalemodelsofCardiffCity 700m2
GalleryspaceforthehistoryofCardiffCity 100m2
GalleryspacesfordifferentdevelopmentareasinCardiff 200m2
GalleryspacesforcasestudiesonselectedprojectinWales 200m2
Officespacesforstartingupofnewarchitecturepractice 200m2
Auditorium 500m2
Workshopandmeetingrooms 200m2
Educationalfacilities 125m2
Eventspaceforproductexhibition 225m2
Cafesandrestaurants 1000m2
PublicopenspacesPublicarcadeAdministrativeOffices 100m2
Utilitiesandotherservices 125m2
SouvenirShops 100m2
RailwayStation 500m2
PROGRAMME BRIEF
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2.6 SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
SITE ANALYSIS
Nolli Plan
ThediagramacrossshowstheNolliPlanofthearea.Theden-sityatthecitycentreisalothigherthanthatofCardiffBay.ThisdifferenceshowsthatCardiffBayisverysegregatedfromthecitycentre,becauseofthelowdensityCardiffBaydevel-opmentandalsothedifferentlanduse.Therefore,thisprojectshouldactasthetransitionfromhighdensitytolowdensity,inotherwords,itshouldbeinthemiddleofboth.
30SITE ANALYSIS
Residential
Offices
Shopping
Gastronomy & Night Life
Hotel
Industrial
Education
Cultural & Religion
Land Use
Hugediversity of landuse around the site, proves that theprojectshouldandexpectedtoaddvaluesociallyandenvi-ronmentallytotheexistingandfuturedevelopment,servingdiversesphereofpeoplearoundthesite.
31SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Edge Condition Analysis
Thediagramacrossshowsexistingedgeconditionofthesite.Theredcolouredannotationrepresentstheobstructiveandrepulsive elevated railway tracks and viaductswhich dividethe site into two. The blue coloured annotation representstheattractivenatureoftheButedockfeedercanalaswaterelementwhichiscurrentlyunder-utilised.Theblackcolouredannotationrepresentsheavytrafficstreetboundarywhichisrepulsive,withsoundandnoisepollution.
32SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Edge Condition Strategy
Theseedgesshouldbeintervenedandutilisedwhileretain-ingitscharacteristics.Thespacesbeneaththeviaducttothenorthernedgewillbeadaptivereusedforshopsandgastron-omyoutlets.Theelevatedrailwaytrackinbetweenbothendsofthesitewillbetransformedintoaurbangreenbelt,whichwillcontinuealongtherailwaytrackdowntothebay.Thepe-destrianrouteswillbedesignedtoweavethroughthesite.
33SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Site Structure Analysis
Thediagramacrossshowsthestructureof thesite. It isor-thogonalinnature,withtheelevatedrailwaytrackandroaddisruptthesitestructure.
34SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Site Structure Strategy
Thesitestructureshouldasmuchaspossiblebetakenastheprecursorsbehindtheformationofthestructuregridoftheschematicdesign.
35SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Vistas Analysis
Due to the centrality of the sitewithin the context of Car-diffcity,generousprovisionofviewsfromthesitetoitssur-rounding (thebay,Butetown,citycentreetc)are importantfeatures.Thisnatureofthesiteshouldbeexploitedasmuchaspossible to add value to theurbandesignof Cardiff citythroughintroductionofurbanmeetingspacesforlocalpop-ulationandtouristswithviewsout todifferentpartsof thecity.Thediagramacrossshowsimportantfeatureswithinthesitevicinityandpartsofthesitewhichofferimportantviews.Pocketsofspaceswithdifferentviewswillbedottedaroundthescheme.
36SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Vistas Strategy
Pocketsofspaceswithdifferentviewswillbedottedaroundthe scheme, containedwithin continuous important routesandspaces.
37SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Sun Exposure Analysis
Thediagramacrossshowstheexistingsunshadowrangeandexposurethroughoutthewholeyear.Duetothesouthfacingnatureofthesite,quiteabigportionofthesitesreceivealotofsunshinethroughouttheyear.
38SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Sun Exposure Strategy
Thesebrightareaswillbefullyutilisedaspublicsquaresandgreenspaces.
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Alsphaltsurface
Gravelsurface
Grass & Gravelsurface
SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Ground Texture Analysis
Thediagramacrossshowstheexistinggroundtexture,wherethewestsideofthesiteiscoveredwithalsphaltforcarpark-ing, while the elevated railway is covered with vegetationandtheeastsideiscoveredwithgravel.Thecharacterofthegroundtextureiscombinationofnature,rusticandnewsur-faces.
40SITE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY
Ground Texture Strategy
Thestrategyistouniteallthesedifferentgroundtextureswithnewsurfacetreatmentofvegetation,whileretainingoriginalcharactersofeachsurface.Forexample,vegetationwillbein-troducedintobothgravelandalsphatesurfacesbymeansofplantingetc.
41PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK
2.7 PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK
*CCBE - Cardiff Centre for the Built Environment
City Centre
Butetown
Capital Quarter Development
Cardiff Bay
Gastronomy and Shops
Elevated Green Public Space
Railway Station
CCBE Internal Public Space with City Model
CCBE Main Entrance Foyer
CCBE Souvenir Shop
CCBE Workshop and Meeting Rooms
CCBE Auditorium
CCBE Admin Offices
CCBE Construction and Built Environment Products Gallery
Bute Dock Feeder Canal Public Space
Bute St. Public Space
CCBE Event and Exposition Hall
Callaghan Square
CCBE Cardiff Architecture Heri-tage Gallery
CCBE Wales Case Study Gallery
CCBE Development Areas Gallery
CCBE Cafe
viewpoint
viewpoint
42PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK
City Centre
Butetown
Capital Quarter Development
Cardiff Bay
Callaghan Square
CCBE Internal Public Space with City Model 1
Bute St. Public Space2Bute Dock Feeder Canal Public Space3
Railway Station4CCBE Event and Exposition Hall5Gastronomy and Shops6CCBE Main Entrance Foyer7Elevated Green Public Space8CCBE Auditorium9CCBE Workshop and Meeting Rooms10
CCBE Cardiff Architecture Heri-tage Gallery 11
CCBE Development Areas Gallery12CCBE Cafe13CCBE Wales Case Study Gallery14CCBE Products Gallery15
12 13 14
1
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2 3
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8 15
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2.8 PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
The diagrams across shows iteration of parameters intro-ducedinthesitecrowdsystemmodel.First,pathsareintro-ducedwhichleadtodifferentpartsofthesite.Simulationisdonewiththebasisthatnootherparametersareintroducedexcept for thepaths.Then, further iterationsaredonewithintroductionofattractorsandobstacles.Attractorsbeingtheattractivefeatureswithintheprogrammes.
44PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
Thediagramsontheleftshowfurtherit-erationswithmodifiedpathswithshort-erdistances.
Thediagramsontherightshowfurtheriterationswithoutpredefinedpathswith-in the site, except for only pathswhichlead to the site, and simulation isdonebasedonthebasisthatthedelegateswillfindtheshortestandmostefficientwaythroughthesitetogettothedestinationpaths.
From these patterns, main pedestrianroutes can be simplified and deter-mined.
45
Reading of Pedestrian Simulation Patterns
From the simulation and corresponding pattern ofmovement produced, themain pedestrianrouteswillbedeterminedthroughiteration.Thefinaliterationisshownbelow.
PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
46PEDESTRIAN SIMULATION ON GROUND LEVEL
Gastronomy & Shops
CCBE
CCBE
Railway
CCBE
Even
t & E
xpo
Hall
Thediagramacrossshowsthemainpedestrianrouteandthegreenbelt,mainpublic spaces and themainCCBEbuildingcomplexalignment,concludedfromalltheinformationgath-eredfrompreviousstudiesandanalysis.
47
3.0CONCEPTSANDPRECEDENTSTUDIES
48
3.1 DESIGN CONCEPTS
Centrality
Thedevelopmentwillbecomethecentreofmanythings.Itwillbetheanchorpointoftheproposedheritageroute,itwillbetheone-stopandmeetingpointforpatronsaroundthearea,itwillbecomemeetingpointforthoseinterestedandinvolvedinbuiltenvironment,itwillbecentrewithlotsofviewpointstoCardiffcityanditwillbetheanchorpointofgreenbeltwhichwillrunfromCardiffcitytoCardiffbay.
Forms
Theformofthecomplexwilltakeintoaccountoftheexistingsitestructure,aswellaswaystobreakthisstructuretoproduceinterweavingform.
DESIGN CONCEPTS
49DESIGN CONCEPTS
Thediagramsummarisesthemaindesignconcept,withhugeinternalpublicspacecontainedwithintheexistingwarehousebuilding,withinteriorstrippedoff,anditsfacadeissupportedwithnewsteelstructure.Theinternalpublicspacewillbethecentreoftheproject. It istheanchorpointtoallthepublicspaces,routesandheritageroute,andsurroundedbygreenbelt, mostly elevated and built along the elevated railwaytrack. It is linked toviewpointswhich together formanearcomplete loop.
50
3.2 PRECEDENT STUDY
PRECEDENT STUDY
Casa Da Musica, Porto
Architectural promenade circling around the auditorium, with differentfunctionsandsmallertheatresalongthepromenade.Mostofthesedifferentfunctionsandsmallertheatreorientthemselvestowardstheauditorium.
51
Maxxi, Rome
Themost imposingfeatureofMaxxi is thecurvesandaxes.Theselinesrespondtotheexistingorthogonalsitestructure,producinganotherintriguingreadingofthesite.Tocelebratethese lines,ZahaHadid introduce interestingskylightwhichrunsalongthe line,withfinswhich isasdeepas1.5m,buthousesdifferentlayerofglazing,sunshading,andlouvre.Theideaofcompactingseveralfeatureinsidethefinsisveryholis-tic.Peoplemovementisalsoverycelebratedhere,withbridg-esandwalkways interweaving in themain full storey foyer,leadingtodifferentdestinations.
PRECEDENT STUDY
52PRECEDENT STUDY
Caixa Forum, Madrid
Thiscomplexposesintriguingquestiononhownewstructureisintroducedintheoldfacadeandliftedthefacadeuptoopengroundfloortothepublicspace,andthuscreatingacontinu-ouspublicspacewhichrunsfromoutsidetoinside.
Tate Modern, London
Again,internalpublicspaceiscelebratedhere,withthedown-wardslopeandexpansivegroundfloorpublicspace,withfunc-tionsononeofitsedges‘hanging’outfromthestructure.
Pulse 5, Zurich
Anotheradaptivereuseprojectofformerindustrialbuilding.Here,groundfloorpublicspaceiscontinuousfromoutsidetoinside,withthefacadeactingasthetransitionaryfeature.
53PRECEDENT STUDY
Building Centre, London
Thisbuildingisnotinterestingarchitecturally,butthefactthatitsLondoncityscalemodelislocatedinfrontofthebuildingvisibletooutsidemakesitanattractiontooutsiders.
Bundesplatz, Bern
WaterfeaturelikethisinBerncanbepotentiallybeusedtoreflectandcelebratethebuiltfabriceffectively,anditalsocanbecomeattractionforpeoplewhodon’tmindtogetwetonhotsummerdays.
Copper Square, New York
Thematerialityofpreforatedsteelcladdingusedinthisproj-ectisinterestingasfromfar,itlookslikesolidconcretepan-els,butupcloseitistransparent,andevensowhenatnight.Preforatedmetalmeshcanbeusedtoplaytransparencyandopacity on the facade, as well as providing environmentalbenefitofsunshadingforsouthfacingfacade.
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4.0DESIGNTHESISDEVELOPMENT
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4.1 MASSING MODEL
MASSING MODEL
From thediagramacrosswhich is concluded fromall infor-mationgatheredinsiteanalysis,strategies,pedestriansimu-lationandprogrammeframework, it isquiteobviouswhereto locate the functions.Hence, severalmassingmodels aremade.Shownherearethetwoimportantones.
Gastronomy & Shops
CCBE
CCBE
Railway
CCBE
Even
t & E
xpo
Hall
56SCHEMATIC DESIGN
Furtherdesignbroughtinmoredetailfeatureswhichexplainallstudiesdone.Ascanbeseenhere,theoverallmasterplandoesn’t changemuch,mainly because of the studies doneandthestrategiesconcludedbecomethemaindriving ideabehindmostdesigndecisions.
Incertaindesignareas,thedecisionsaremadethroughfor-malistic approach of tracing the pedestrianmovement pat-ternderivedinthesimulationearlierontheplan.
57SCHEMATIC DESIGN
PRO
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BY A
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UTO
DESK
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Designwithaddedfacadedetailsandstructureiscarefullyde-signsothatitworksatalllevels.
BelowaremoredevelopedfloorplansGroundfloor,firstfloor(middle),andsecondfloor(farright)
58ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY
Materialpalleteischosenatveryearlystage,sothatdesignwillrevolvearoundthesemainmaterials.
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY
59ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECTONIC STRATEGY