• Surface anatomy(Face)

CaucasianProminent nose

Narrow nasal aperture

Big brow-ridges, large jaws and teeth, prognathous.

Big brow ridges, low vault

Mongoloid

MongoloidHigh narrow foreheadEpicanthal fold

Prognathous

low vault, receding frontal, sharper brow ridges

facial flatness, though jaws and teeth are still large

Prognathism

Low wide nasal aperture

Afrotropical (Negroid)

Brow ridges

AustraloidNarrow superior vault

Caucasian Prominent nose

Afrotropical Prognathism

Australoid Brow ridges

Mongoloid Facial flatness

CaucasianNarrow nasal aperture

MongoloidHigh narrow forehead

AustraloidNarrow superior vault

AfrotropicalLow wide nasal aperture

Sexual dimorphism! Two Australian crania:

“Extreme” male “Extreme” female

From the samepopulation (Keppel Is., Qld.)

Facial propertions

Rule of thumb

Reid s base line

Frankforts line

NasionOrbital margin

Zygomaticofrontal suture

Bony landmarks

2.5cm

1cm

Symphysis menti

2.5cm

1cm

premolar

1cm

Anterior nasal spine

Canine eminence

Jugal point

neck

Articular tubercle

1cm

Base of mandibule

Angle of mandibule(C2)

PhiltrumRed border lineNasolabial grooveBuccal fat pad

Ngel in f &m

Aging

• Crow foot

Frontozygomatic suture

3.5cm

4cm1cm

6cm

2.5cm

Bregma

1-Helix 2-Auricular tubercle 3-Scaphoid fossa 4-Triangular fossa 5-crura of antihelix 6-Crus of helix 7-Concha 8-Tragus 9-Antihelix 10-

Intertragic incisure 11-Antitragus 12-Tail of helix 13-Lobule 14-External acoustic meatus

1/6

3rd (Oculomotor), 4th (Trochlear) and 6th (Abducent) nerves- eye movements, upper eyelid & pupil size

http://www.astrographics.com/Calendars/Calendars2003/CAL0011/ImagesPage.html

III,IV and VI control eye movements

Supplies upper lid and superior,medial and inferior rectus muscles

Controls eye movements and pupil size

III Oculomotor

Trochlear(Sup oblique)

Nose

Nasion

1cm2cm

1cm

2cm

Parotid Gland

1.5cm

Surgical ManagementIncisions

Rhytidectomy Modified Blair

Surgical Management

Tragal pointer (10 mm inferior and deep).Mastoid process.Posterior belly of the digastric.Superficial temporal and retromandibular veins

Radiation

Muscles of Mastication

Figure 11–6

Trigeminal Nerve

2cm

Lingual n

Inferior alveolar n

1cm

Maxillary n,mandibular n(4cm deep to tubercle of zygomatic arch)

Inf alveolar n

Muscles of Facial Expression

Figure 11–4a

Muscles of Facial Expression

Figure 11–4b

Ear MM

http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/muscle/musc-img/orinsert.jpg

‘Universal’ Expression Groups

• Sadness• Anger• Happiness• Fear• Disgust• Surprise

Corrugator supercillifrontalis

ZygomaticusLevator anguli oris–

Depressor labii inferiorusDepressor anguli oris

Levator labii superiorus

Levator labii sup alaque nasi

Depressor septi

Cranial Cranial NervesNerves

2cm

Lower Motor Neuron lesion of VII nerve palsy

described by Dr Charles Bell in 1882

PainTearingDroolingHypersensitivity to soundImpairment of taste

1cm

5cm

Jugal point

2cm

Temporal arteritis

Thanks for your attention