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HBCL1203 BC yuyin
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Transcript of HBCL1203 BC yuyin
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1.1.1
1.1
1.1
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1.1.2�
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t� � xi�n “ ” � ti� “ ” � “ ”
xi�n xi�n
a e “ ” xi�n xi�n
b b� “ ” “ball” b
b b
1.1.3�
sh� � j� �
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1.2
1.1
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1.2.1�
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A E
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1.2.2
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1.2.3�
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1.3
1.2
1.2
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1.3.1
m� lái x� yà
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lail ai ai
a i
a i u guCng bó
1.3.2
ai
u
a i u
p t k
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1.3.3
g gemgame
a lan a lian a a
t d ta da t
d ten dend
1.4
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1.4.1�
e-Forum (Online Discussion Forum)
1.3
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i zhi chi shi ri zi ci si
er ertonghuar
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i yi ya yeyao you yan yin yang yingyong
� wu wawo wai wei wan wenwang weng
� yu yueyuan yun ü
� j q ju quxu ü n l
nü lü
iou uei uen iu ui un niugui lun
ng �
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a o epi’ao
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a o e’
1.3
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1.4.2
The International Phonetic Alphabet IPA
ai
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zh ch sh r
1.5
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zhzh z
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http://www.xmuoec.com/gb/teacher/yuyin
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ba zhuang
2.1
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a o e ê i u ü -i � -i[�] er
2.1
2.1
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2.1.1
i u ü
e o
ê
a
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u o
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u o
ü u o
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2.2
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2.1.2�
a o e i u ü ê
-i[�] -i[ �]
er
a a
ba ma a
o bo
mo o
eo e
le ke �
i
yi li jii
u
wu lu shu u
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üi yu lü ju
ü
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i ü ie üe
-i[�] -i[ � ]
-i [�]
z c s i zi cisi �
-i[ � ]
zh ch sh r izhi chi shi ri �
erer
erer
o u
-i[�] -i[ � ]
2.2
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m, n, ng, l, r
m nm n ng � m
ng
b p m f d t n l j q x g k h ng z c s zh ch sh r
p
p
2.2
Online Discussion Forum
2.3
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2.2.1
sè
b
2.4
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b p m
b
p
m
f
f
z c s
z
c
s
d t n l
d
t
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zh ch sh r
zh
ch
sh
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j q x
j
q
x
g k h
g
k
h
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b p m
f
z c s
d t n l
zh ch sh r
j q x
g k h ng
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b p d t g k
b p d t g k
f s sh r x h
f s sh r x h
j q z c
zh ch
s shf hx r
l
b p d t g k
m n ng
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j q z c zh ch
z c zh ch j q
m n ng
m n ng
l
l
m n ng r
b d g j zh z
p t k q ch c
b p
d t
g k
J q
zh ch
Z c
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b p d t g k
f h x sh r s
j q zh ch z c
m n ng
l
p t k q ch c
b d g j zh z
b p f d t g kh j q x zh chsh z c s
m n l ng r
2.3
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2.2.2
b p w m
f n l
d t
z c s
zh ch sh r
j q x y
g k h
b p m
f
d t n l
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z c s
zh ch sh r
j q x
g k h ng
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2.5
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ngd ding de dan zh
zhao zhong zhi
ng dingzhong ng
nna nao yin
an lan n
sap pat lok p t k
3.1
� 46
22 21
b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
3.2
e-Forum(Online Discussion Forum)
3.1
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3.2.1
21
b p w m
f
d t n I
z c s
zh ch sh r
j q x y
g k h
b p m
f
z c s
d t n l
zh ch sh r
j q x
g k h
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b p d t g k
f h x sh r s
j q zh ch z c
m n
l
p t k q ch c
b d g j zh z
b p f d t g k h jq x zh ch sh z c s
m n l r
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m n l r
b p m* f d t n* I* g k h
j q x z c s r*
zh ch sh
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3.1
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ba b-a ba bo-a
z c s zh ch sh r -i[�] -i[ �]–i
b p m f + o bo po mo fo
d t n I + e de te ne Ie
g k h + e ge ke he
j q x + I ji qi xi
z c s + � zi i si
zh ch sh r + � zhi chi shi ri
3.3
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i i yJ yBng
u u wX wGi
S S yV yXn
i u S Di Gr
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3.4
3.2
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z c s zh ch sh
3.5.1 z c s zh ch sh
zh ch sh z c s
zh ch sh
zh ch sh
z c s ua uai uang zh ch sh
z c s
zhu� zu�
sh ongong s sh
3.5
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z c s
c
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3.5.2 n l
n ln l n l
n ln l
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n
3.2
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l
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3.5.3 f h
f h fénghóng
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3.3
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3.5.5
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a o e ê ai ao
ou an en ang yi ya
ye yao you yan yin ying
yang yong wu wa wu wai
wei wan wen wang weng
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a o e ê i u ü er 8 � � z c
s zh ch sh
4.1
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3.�
4. �
5. �
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pW tOng huD
pW u u
tOng o ng
huD ua
4.1
� 60
iang uai üan i u ü a ng i n
iang I a ng
uai U a i
üan S a n
i u üia ua üe iao uan i u ü
a o e ê i u uai uei ioua e ê o
i un ng
4.2
� 61
4.3.1
a o e ê i u ü -i[�] -i[ �]er[ ] � � er
ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo üe iao iou uao uei
4.3
� 62
ai ei ao ou 4
ia ie ua uo Se 5
� 63
iao iou uai uei 4
nng
n an en in ün ian üan uanuen
an en in ünn
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ng ang eng ong ing iongiang uang ueng
ang eng ong ing iongng
iang uang uengang eng
4.3.2
4.1
4.2
� 65
i u ü i u üa o e ê ai ei ao ou an ang en eng ong
� � -er
i iaie iao iou ian iang in ing iong
u u u uauo uai uei uan uang uen ueng
S S ü üeüan ün
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i u ü i u ü a o e ê er aneng
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ün
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ai ia iao
ei ie iou
ao ua uo uai
ou üe uei
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n ngan Ian uan San
en In un/uen Sn
angeng
ianging
uang ueng ong
Iong
n ng
4.3
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4.3
� 69
4.4.1�
en eng in ingchFn chFng yIn
yIng
n ngn ng
n en in
ng eng ing
en eng in ingen in eng ing
d t n l en nHnd t n in nJn
� d t n l eng
� d t n ing
dEng dGng dHng tFng nFng lGng
dIng dKng dLng tIng nJng nJng
4.4
� 70
en eng b p m f en uen
bGn bGn pFn mFn fEn wFn
bEn bHn pEn mHn fHn wHn
pEng mHng
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eng
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bHng pHng mHng fFng fHng
fEn fen
shEn shen
shEng shengi
zEng zeng ceng seng
jIn jin qin xin
jIn jin qin
qIng jing
qing
4.4
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http://www.thn21.com/
http://www.xmuoec.com/gb/teacher/yuyin
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chOu
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chQu
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5.1.1
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5.1
5.1
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5.1.2
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xuF xiDo kH bGn jiAo dCo liDn xJ
xue² xi² shen¹ ti³ jiao¹ dao³ mei³ hao³
5.1
� 77
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shJ shI shJ shL shK shI shL shJ shL shL
5.2
5.2
� 79
hCo huDi hDo dRng pU xiD diDn pW
5.3
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80
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ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo üe iao iou uao uei
an en in ün ian üan uan uen
ang eng ong ing iong iang uang ueng
5.3
� 81
i
hu�
hóóng
liWW
lZZ
xiAAng
yLLng
iu ui
a
a o e
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shi yan shi yan shi yan shi yan
jiAnduAn jiCnduCn jiCnduDn jiDnduDn
5.4
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5.4.1
gAogE -q ngch n -OuzhOu
fEi jI -cAnguAn -zhuAnchE
xIngqI -bEi ’ Ai -bIngshAn
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fenfang
huanhu
jiashu
kandeng
5.4
� 83
5.4.2
chuánqí hóngchá qiánchéng
chénzhuó rénmín jíshí
yóujú chángchéng yínháng
miaotiao
pailou
chunjie
aoxiang
5.4.3
mGimCn chCanzhCang yQngyuCn
biCoyCn lGngyKn dCshuK
wCnjKn shKguCn shuKguQ
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xiaopin
shuiguo
meijiu
haogan
5.4.4
jìniàn hàohàn k�huà
lànmàn sùzào zuòzhàn
duànliàn diànshì hànzì
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re’ai
duanlian
ruili
dizao
5.2
� 85
a.
DD dDmA dDmPdDyDng qJ dD mC, LCo lColao lCofUlCoqI gCn lCo yBng. LColao hE lDo, lDo luR lColao lAo lDo, JiXjiu jiD jiU, jiU fEi jiUjiu jiU jiU. MAma qJ mC, mC mDn mAma mD mC, NiUniu hOng niV, niV nLng niUniu nJng niV.
b. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MGi yL kE xiCocCo dOu shL yL zhQng mGi de gCnzhAo, dOu yXnyX zhe chUntiAn de xIwDng. Ài shL rFnshEng xInlBo de guQshJ, yOnglCn de rFn zhOngshEng nBndF pKnchBng. YInggAi qIngchu zLjK de quEdiCn, fQuzF, nBzhe yL shQu hCo pBi yG bVhuL dCyJng. DJsIgE wHishFnme shRudDo qIngniBn de xK’Di ? ShL bu shL tA fCnyLng le jIntiAn qIngniBn de jIngshFn zhuDngtDi, biCoxiDn le tAmen de jiAnmGi qIngchUnbEnfDng yXnlZ huPlL pInjLn ? MiDnduL zFrHn de shJhRu, gCnyV shuO “wQ”, zhH zhHng shL jIntiAn xUyDo de shJdDi jIngshFn. LiDnxJ le yJge wHntJ kGnFng yQu jK zhQng dB’Dn de sIwFi fAngshL, wQmen biDn cOngmJng le jK bHi.
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86
7.
8.
9.
10.
YJ gH quBnshEn quBnxIn gDn shLyH de rFn, wCngwCng huP de bX qIngsOng, wCngwCng zDi wV zhKjLng de fAzhCn shLyH de tPngshJ, yQngyuCn duL zLjK bX mcnyL, yQngyuCn duL xiAnzhuDng bX mCnyL,xiCng zuR de shL yQngyuCn chAoguo nFng zuR de shL. ChFnggOng de bCozhHng, jiXshL yLzhL de jiAndLng, duLyV yDo zQu de lX, yDo zhEngzhB dDo zuL hRu yJ bX. JiCrV zhE shL wEiyI de yQu xIwDng de yL tiBo lX, yjdLng yDo pRshK zLjK zQu xiaqu. YQushJhRu, kWnDn shL yL zhQng jIxX, yL zhQng bV duDn gGi rFn de shEngmLng yLzhL bWchOng yCngfHn de jIxX. ZUnchPng rFnlHi de kWnDn ba. RFn kGyK zDishEng ma ? KGyK. RVguQ yJ ge rFn Dnzhe shHhuL de xUyDo chPngxIn sXzDo le zLjK, nDme, tA biDn chFng le jIntiAn de zhWjuF, shEnghuP de zhWjuF.
5.3
� 87
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dL fang
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qI zi
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tiBn de
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5.5
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wHir
6.2.1
6.2
6.1
� 92
chu�ng
zh ch sh ng
6.1
� 93
6.2.2
chu�ng ch u a ng
qu� q s ê
zh n zh a n
x� x i
é e
léi i e i
y�u i o u
guI g u e i
hVn h u e n
y i
w u
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i u S
i u n ng
iou uei uen iu ui iou uei uen
� 94
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S ê u e
-i[�] -i[ �] i
b p m f o
n l o
gan
b p m
f
d t
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j q x
g k h
zh ch sh r
z c s
6.3
� 95
b p m d tu
f g k h z c s zh ch sh r
u
j q x
n l
mua do lo Be pua xuo
Fo cuang shong gong sua zhei
zua zhua qe Sia me mo
bong jong jun xua ruo suai
ting jao jua hun shing rin
Kia gai Jai qie chu din
6.4
6.2
� 96
14 25.9 %
ta de le zhe bu ji li zhi shi dao ren you yi wo
33 24.7 % da di ni zi ge ke he ye yu wu zhu lai zai jia jie yao xiao jiu guo zuo shuo wei men chan jin jian xian quan gong xiang chong shang sheng
62 24.7 % ba bi pi mo fa fu na du ti qi qu xi si er she chu shu ru hai mei lao hao hou duo huo dui hui jiao xia xie xue zhao shou an kan han min mian dun tian nian guan xin qian yin yuan wen shen fang dang chang zheng cheng ming jing qing xing dong tong liang yang yong
y w
yw
6.3
� 97
6.5.1�
b p m f o d t n l g k h ej q x i zh ch sh r -i[�]; z c s -i[�] �
gW g u gE W
chu�ng uch�ng
6.5
� 98
6.5.2
xiàn x-iàn – xiàn
dài ( ) d–ài – dài
hàn h–àn – hàn
zì z – ì – zì
q-i-An qiAn
x-i-Co xiCo
h-u-� hu�
x-u-é xué
� 99
in ing iu ui un ün
1 l-ín ( ) 16 l-íng ( ) 31 n-ín ( )
2 n–íng ( ) 17 l-éng ( ) 32 n-éng ( )
3 z-Gn ( ) 18 zh-Gn ( ) 33 c-én ( )
4 ch-én ( ) 19 s-Gn ( ) 34 sh-Gn ( )
5 z-Gng ( ) 20 zh-Gng ( ) 35 c-éng ( )
6 ch-éng ( ) 21 s-Gng ( ) 36 sh-Eng ( )
7 z-Un ( ) 22 c-Un ( ) 37 s-Un ( )
8 zh-Wn ( ) 23 ch-Wn ( ) 38 sh-Wn ( )
9 z-Qng ( ) 24 c-Ong ( ) 39 s-Ong ( )
10 zh-Qng ( ) 25 ch-Qng ( ) 40 l-ún ( )
11 l-óng ( ) 26 n-óng ( ) 41 l-Y ( )
12 n-Y ( ) 27 l-èi ( ) 42 n-èi ( )
13 b-Ci ( ) 28 b-Gi ( ) 43 l-uó ( )
14 n-uó ( ) 29 h-uQ ( ) 44 g-uQ ( )
15 k-uò ( ) 30 h-G ( ) 45 g-G ( )
6.4
� 100
6.6.1
a o e
ku’ai tian’e di'an ji'ang
6.6
1 bDnzRu ( ) 7 jI’áng ( ) 13 qWyì ( )
2 zhXyL ( ) 8 y�nyuè ( ) 14 qiAnxU ( )
3 chFnjiX ( ) 9 wEiyán ( ) 15 dàng’àn ( )
4 tPudI ( ) 10 lùnwén ( ) 16 lùyíng ( )
5 zhHnfHn ( ) 11 chAo’é ( ) 17 nuRdD ( )
6 chUbX ( ) 12 sCoshH ( ) 18 cJshDn ( )
6.2
6.3
� 101
y w
y w
i i ydài y dàyì
y
i y i i y
i yi ian yan
in yin iong yong
ing ying ie ye
ia ya iou you
iao yao iang yang
u u wwánwù
w
u u w uu w
i yi ian yan
u wu uo wo
ua wa uei wei
uai wai uen wen
uan wan
� 102
ü ü yyunW y
yúnyW”y S
S S yS
i yi ian yan
ü yu ü yue
üan yuan ün yun
Sü ü n l
j q x j q x ü j q x u ü u n l
u ü ü ü
nZ’ér J�shì
LZyè XùqW
iou uei uen o e
i u o e
q – iOu qiU
t – uEi tuI
k – uEn kUn
iou uei uen yOu wEi
wGn
� 103
6.6.2�
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rén pCo hé h�n yuèdú Fúróng qiCokèlì péngyou dìzhèn niánq�ngzhòngshì wCnhuì qi�nmíng shìw�i niWzhuCn chuánzh� dànshì túsh�guCn
� 104
g�ngti� wèndá hCif�ng hóngqídàhuì quángguó zhòngtián k�ihuìdCpò zQulái húshu� dCnxiCoqi�hCitáng àiniCozh�u duìbuq�ch�dexi�o
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rénrén niánnián gègè tiáotiáokànkàn sh�oshuo dàdà
hónghóng de Yánji� Yánji� Chángshi Chángshi Xu�bái Xu�bái
T�nghóng T�nghóng
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fùbùzhCng zQngg�ngchéngsh� f�ij�nshW fCndàndào dàodàn
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KQngz� B�og�ng X�sh� Mèngchángj�n
B�ij�ng Shì Héb�i Sh�ng Y�lù Ji�ng Tài Sh�n Dòngtíng Hú
Táiw�n HCixiá
X�liáo Hé J�ngsh�n Hòuji�
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Washington Tokyo
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shíj� gè rén( ) j�shí g�n g�ngguCn
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h�n hCo d�u lái gèng m�i zuì dà bù lái y�ng bù y�ngg�i g�ngg�ng zQu f�icháng kuài shíf�n gCndòng
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7.1
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7.1.1
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7.1.2
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� 117
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7.2
7.1
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7.3
7.2
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� 123
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� 124
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a o e ê i ü ya
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8.1.1
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8.1.2
8.1
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8.1.3
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8.1.4
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8.2
8.2
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8.1.5
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8.1.6
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8.1.7
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8.1.8
8.3
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8.2
8.3
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8.2.1
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8.2.3
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� 143
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9.4
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10.2
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10.3.1
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10.4
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10.5
10.2
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10.5.2
10.5.3
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10.5.4
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10.3
10.4
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10.5.5
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10.5.6
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10.5.8
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10.6
10.7
� 185
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� 186
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10.3
� 193
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10.4
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1.3
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1.4.2
The International Phonetic Alphabet IPA
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1.5
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2.1
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� 26
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2.1
2.1
� 27
2.1.1
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� 30
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2.2
� 32
m, n, ng, l, r
m nm n ng � m
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p
p
2.2
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2.3
� 33
2.2.1
sè
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2.4
� 34
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b p m
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� 37
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b p d t g k
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� 38
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m n ng r
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b p d t g k
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l
p t k q ch c
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b p f d t g kh j q x zh chsh z c s
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2.3
� 40
2.2.2
b p w m
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� 41
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� 42
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ngd ding de dan zh
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3.1
� 46
22 21
b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
3.2
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3.1
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3.2.1
21
b p w m
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m n l r
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3.1
� 50
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3.3
� 51
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3.4
3.2
� 52
z c s zh ch sh
3.5.1 z c s zh ch sh
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3.5
� 53
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3.2
� 54
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3.3
� 55
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aiou yi( ) w� y w
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4.1
� 60
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4.2
� 61
4.3.1
a o e ê i u ü -i[�] -i[ �]er[ ] � � er
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4.3
� 62
ai ei ao ou 4
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� 63
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nng
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ng ang eng ong ing iongiang uang ueng
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4.3.2
4.1
4.2
� 65
i u ü i u üa o e ê ai ei ao ou an ang en eng ong
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� 66
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4.3
� 68
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4.3
� 69
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ng eng ing
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4.4
� 70
en eng b p m f en uen
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4.4
� 71
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5.1
� 77
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78
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5.2
5.2
� 79
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5.3
�
80
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5.3
� 81
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hu�
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5.4
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5.4.1
gAogE -q ngch n -OuzhOu
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5.4
� 83
5.4.2
chuánqí hóngchá qiánchéng
chénzhuó rénmín jíshí
yóujú chángchéng yínháng
miaotiao
pailou
chunjie
aoxiang
5.4.3
mGimCn chCanzhCang yQngyuCn
biCoyCn lGngyKn dCshuK
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84
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5.4.4
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re’ai
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5.2
� 85
a.
DD dDmA dDmPdDyDng qJ dD mC, LCo lColao lCofUlCoqI gCn lCo yBng. LColao hE lDo, lDo luR lColao lAo lDo, JiXjiu jiD jiU, jiU fEi jiUjiu jiU jiU. MAma qJ mC, mC mDn mAma mD mC, NiUniu hOng niV, niV nLng niUniu nJng niV.
b. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MGi yL kE xiCocCo dOu shL yL zhQng mGi de gCnzhAo, dOu yXnyX zhe chUntiAn de xIwDng. Ài shL rFnshEng xInlBo de guQshJ, yOnglCn de rFn zhOngshEng nBndF pKnchBng. YInggAi qIngchu zLjK de quEdiCn, fQuzF, nBzhe yL shQu hCo pBi yG bVhuL dCyJng. DJsIgE wHishFnme shRudDo qIngniBn de xK’Di ? ShL bu shL tA fCnyLng le jIntiAn qIngniBn de jIngshFn zhuDngtDi, biCoxiDn le tAmen de jiAnmGi qIngchUnbEnfDng yXnlZ huPlL pInjLn ? MiDnduL zFrHn de shJhRu, gCnyV shuO “wQ”, zhH zhHng shL jIntiAn xUyDo de shJdDi jIngshFn. LiDnxJ le yJge wHntJ kGnFng yQu jK zhQng dB’Dn de sIwFi fAngshL, wQmen biDn cOngmJng le jK bHi.
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86
7.
8.
9.
10.
YJ gH quBnshEn quBnxIn gDn shLyH de rFn, wCngwCng huP de bX qIngsOng, wCngwCng zDi wV zhKjLng de fAzhCn shLyH de tPngshJ, yQngyuCn duL zLjK bX mcnyL, yQngyuCn duL xiAnzhuDng bX mCnyL,xiCng zuR de shL yQngyuCn chAoguo nFng zuR de shL. ChFnggOng de bCozhHng, jiXshL yLzhL de jiAndLng, duLyV yDo zQu de lX, yDo zhEngzhB dDo zuL hRu yJ bX. JiCrV zhE shL wEiyI de yQu xIwDng de yL tiBo lX, yjdLng yDo pRshK zLjK zQu xiaqu. YQushJhRu, kWnDn shL yL zhQng jIxX, yL zhQng bV duDn gGi rFn de shEngmLng yLzhL bWchOng yCngfHn de jIxX. ZUnchPng rFnlHi de kWnDn ba. RFn kGyK zDishEng ma ? KGyK. RVguQ yJ ge rFn Dnzhe shHhuL de xUyDo chPngxIn sXzDo le zLjK, nDme, tA biDn chFng le jIntiAn de zhWjuF, shEnghuP de zhWjuF.
5.3
� 87
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6.2.1
6.2
6.1
� 92
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6.1
� 93
6.2.2
chu�ng ch u a ng
qu� q s ê
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� 94
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b p m f o
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b p m
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6.3
� 95
b p m d tu
f g k h z c s zh ch sh r
u
j q x
n l
mua do lo Be pua xuo
Fo cuang shong gong sua zhei
zua zhua qe Sia me mo
bong jong jun xua ruo suai
ting jao jua hun shing rin
Kia gai Jai qie chu din
6.4
6.2
� 96
14 25.9 %
ta de le zhe bu ji li zhi shi dao ren you yi wo
33 24.7 % da di ni zi ge ke he ye yu wu zhu lai zai jia jie yao xiao jiu guo zuo shuo wei men chan jin jian xian quan gong xiang chong shang sheng
62 24.7 % ba bi pi mo fa fu na du ti qi qu xi si er she chu shu ru hai mei lao hao hou duo huo dui hui jiao xia xie xue zhao shou an kan han min mian dun tian nian guan xin qian yin yuan wen shen fang dang chang zheng cheng ming jing qing xing dong tong liang yang yong
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6.3
� 97
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b p m f o d t n l g k h ej q x i zh ch sh r -i[�]; z c s -i[�] �
gW g u gE W
chu�ng uch�ng
6.5
� 98
6.5.2
xiàn x-iàn – xiàn
dài ( ) d–ài – dài
hàn h–àn – hàn
zì z – ì – zì
q-i-An qiAn
x-i-Co xiCo
h-u-� hu�
x-u-é xué
� 99
in ing iu ui un ün
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2 n–íng ( ) 17 l-éng ( ) 32 n-éng ( )
3 z-Gn ( ) 18 zh-Gn ( ) 33 c-én ( )
4 ch-én ( ) 19 s-Gn ( ) 34 sh-Gn ( )
5 z-Gng ( ) 20 zh-Gng ( ) 35 c-éng ( )
6 ch-éng ( ) 21 s-Gng ( ) 36 sh-Eng ( )
7 z-Un ( ) 22 c-Un ( ) 37 s-Un ( )
8 zh-Wn ( ) 23 ch-Wn ( ) 38 sh-Wn ( )
9 z-Qng ( ) 24 c-Ong ( ) 39 s-Ong ( )
10 zh-Qng ( ) 25 ch-Qng ( ) 40 l-ún ( )
11 l-óng ( ) 26 n-óng ( ) 41 l-Y ( )
12 n-Y ( ) 27 l-èi ( ) 42 n-èi ( )
13 b-Ci ( ) 28 b-Gi ( ) 43 l-uó ( )
14 n-uó ( ) 29 h-uQ ( ) 44 g-uQ ( )
15 k-uò ( ) 30 h-G ( ) 45 g-G ( )
6.4
� 100
6.6.1
a o e
ku’ai tian’e di'an ji'ang
6.6
1 bDnzRu ( ) 7 jI’áng ( ) 13 qWyì ( )
2 zhXyL ( ) 8 y�nyuè ( ) 14 qiAnxU ( )
3 chFnjiX ( ) 9 wEiyán ( ) 15 dàng’àn ( )
4 tPudI ( ) 10 lùnwén ( ) 16 lùyíng ( )
5 zhHnfHn ( ) 11 chAo’é ( ) 17 nuRdD ( )
6 chUbX ( ) 12 sCoshH ( ) 18 cJshDn ( )
6.2
6.3
� 101
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i y i i y
i yi ian yan
in yin iong yong
ing ying ie ye
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u u wwánwù
w
u u w uu w
i yi ian yan
u wu uo wo
ua wa uei wei
uai wai uen wen
uan wan
� 102
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S S yS
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Sü ü n l
j q x j q x ü j q x u ü u n l
u ü ü ü
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t – uEi tuI
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� 103
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� 104
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7.1.2
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8.2
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8.1.6
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8.1.7
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10.5
� 207
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� 208
eng ing
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“ng”
ng
� 209
n ng
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� 210
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� 211
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ang eng ing ong
10.6
� 212
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1.1
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t� � xi�n “ ” � ti� “ ” � “ ”
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1.1.3�
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1.2
1.1
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1.3.2
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1.3.3
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1.4
� 14
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1.3
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15
� 16
i zhi chi shi ri zi ci si
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1.3
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19
1.4.2
The International Phonetic Alphabet IPA
ai
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� 20
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21
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1.5
� 22
zhzh z
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23
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ba zhuang
2.1
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� 26
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2.1
2.1
� 27
2.1.1
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� 28
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2.2
� 30
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a o e i u ü ê
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� 31
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z c s i zi cisi �
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zh ch sh r izhi chi shi ri �
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2.2
� 32
m, n, ng, l, r
m nm n ng � m
ng
b p m f d t n l j q x g k h ng z c s zh ch sh r
p
p
2.2
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2.3
� 33
2.2.1
sè
b
2.4
� 34
b p m
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p
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j q x
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� 36
b p m
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� 37
b p d t g k
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s shf hx r
l
b p d t g k
m n ng
� 38
j q z c zh ch
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l
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m n ng r
b d g j zh z
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d t
g k
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zh ch
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� 39
b p d t g k
f h x sh r s
j q zh ch z c
m n ng
l
p t k q ch c
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b p f d t g kh j q x zh chsh z c s
m n l ng r
2.3
� 40
2.2.2
b p w m
f n l
d t
z c s
zh ch sh r
j q x y
g k h
b p m
f
d t n l
� 41
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� 42
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ngd ding de dan zh
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3.1
� 46
22 21
b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
3.2
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3.1
� 47
3.2.1
21
b p w m
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b p d t g k
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m n
l
p t k q ch c
b d g j zh z
b p f d t g k h jq x zh ch sh z c s
m n l r
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m n l r
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3.1
� 50
ba b-a ba bo-a
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g k h + e ge ke he
j q x + I ji qi xi
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3.3
� 51
i i yJ yBng
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3.4
3.2
� 52
z c s zh ch sh
3.5.1 z c s zh ch sh
zh ch sh z c s
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3.5
� 53
z c s
c
c
3.5.2 n l
n ln l n l
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n
3.2
� 54
l
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3.5.4�
3.3
� 55
3.5.5
aiou yi( ) w� y w
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a o e ê i u ü er 8 � � z c
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pW tOng huD
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4.1
� 60
iang uai üan i u ü a ng i n
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uai U a i
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a o e ê i u uai uei ioua e ê o
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4.2
� 61
4.3.1
a o e ê i u ü -i[�] -i[ �]er[ ] � � er
ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo üe iao iou uao uei
4.3
� 62
ai ei ao ou 4
ia ie ua uo Se 5
� 63
iao iou uai uei 4
nng
n an en in ün ian üan uanuen
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� 64
ng ang eng ong ing iongiang uang ueng
ang eng ong ing iongng
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4.3.2
4.1
4.2
� 65
i u ü i u üa o e ê ai ei ao ou an ang en eng ong
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S S ü üeüan ün
� 66
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i
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ün
a � ia ua
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ai ia iao
ei ie iou
ao ua uo uai
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n ngan Ian uan San
en In un/uen Sn
angeng
ianging
uang ueng ong
Iong
n ng
4.3
� 68
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4.3
� 69
4.4.1�
en eng in ingchFn chFng yIn
yIng
n ngn ng
n en in
ng eng ing
en eng in ingen in eng ing
d t n l en nHnd t n in nJn
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� d t n ing
dEng dGng dHng tFng nFng lGng
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4.4
� 70
en eng b p m f en uen
bGn bGn pFn mFn fEn wFn
bEn bHn pEn mHn fHn wHn
pEng mHng
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eng
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fEn fen
shEn shen
shEng shengi
zEng zeng ceng seng
jIn jin qin xin
jIn jin qin
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qing
4.4
� 71
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chOu
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5.1
5.1
� 75
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76
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5.1
� 77
V
g�ng f�i ti�n� zh�
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78
shJ shI shJ shL shK shI shL shJ shL shL
5.2
5.2
� 79
hCo huDi hDo dRng pU xiD diDn pW
5.3
�
80
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ang eng ong ing iong iang uang ueng
5.3
� 81
i
hu�
hóóng
liWW
lZZ
xiAAng
yLLng
iu ui
a
a o e
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shi yan shi yan shi yan shi yan
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5.4
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82
5.4.1
gAogE -q ngch n -OuzhOu
fEi jI -cAnguAn -zhuAnchE
xIngqI -bEi ’ Ai -bIngshAn
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fenfang
huanhu
jiashu
kandeng
5.4
� 83
5.4.2
chuánqí hóngchá qiánchéng
chénzhuó rénmín jíshí
yóujú chángchéng yínháng
miaotiao
pailou
chunjie
aoxiang
5.4.3
mGimCn chCanzhCang yQngyuCn
biCoyCn lGngyKn dCshuK
wCnjKn shKguCn shuKguQ
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84
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shuiguo
meijiu
haogan
5.4.4
jìniàn hàohàn k�huà
lànmàn sùzào zuòzhàn
duànliàn diànshì hànzì
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re’ai
duanlian
ruili
dizao
5.2
� 85
a.
DD dDmA dDmPdDyDng qJ dD mC, LCo lColao lCofUlCoqI gCn lCo yBng. LColao hE lDo, lDo luR lColao lAo lDo, JiXjiu jiD jiU, jiU fEi jiUjiu jiU jiU. MAma qJ mC, mC mDn mAma mD mC, NiUniu hOng niV, niV nLng niUniu nJng niV.
b. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MGi yL kE xiCocCo dOu shL yL zhQng mGi de gCnzhAo, dOu yXnyX zhe chUntiAn de xIwDng. Ài shL rFnshEng xInlBo de guQshJ, yOnglCn de rFn zhOngshEng nBndF pKnchBng. YInggAi qIngchu zLjK de quEdiCn, fQuzF, nBzhe yL shQu hCo pBi yG bVhuL dCyJng. DJsIgE wHishFnme shRudDo qIngniBn de xK’Di ? ShL bu shL tA fCnyLng le jIntiAn qIngniBn de jIngshFn zhuDngtDi, biCoxiDn le tAmen de jiAnmGi qIngchUnbEnfDng yXnlZ huPlL pInjLn ? MiDnduL zFrHn de shJhRu, gCnyV shuO “wQ”, zhH zhHng shL jIntiAn xUyDo de shJdDi jIngshFn. LiDnxJ le yJge wHntJ kGnFng yQu jK zhQng dB’Dn de sIwFi fAngshL, wQmen biDn cOngmJng le jK bHi.
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86
7.
8.
9.
10.
YJ gH quBnshEn quBnxIn gDn shLyH de rFn, wCngwCng huP de bX qIngsOng, wCngwCng zDi wV zhKjLng de fAzhCn shLyH de tPngshJ, yQngyuCn duL zLjK bX mcnyL, yQngyuCn duL xiAnzhuDng bX mCnyL,xiCng zuR de shL yQngyuCn chAoguo nFng zuR de shL. ChFnggOng de bCozhHng, jiXshL yLzhL de jiAndLng, duLyV yDo zQu de lX, yDo zhEngzhB dDo zuL hRu yJ bX. JiCrV zhE shL wEiyI de yQu xIwDng de yL tiBo lX, yjdLng yDo pRshK zLjK zQu xiaqu. YQushJhRu, kWnDn shL yL zhQng jIxX, yL zhQng bV duDn gGi rFn de shEngmLng yLzhL bWchOng yCngfHn de jIxX. ZUnchPng rFnlHi de kWnDn ba. RFn kGyK zDishEng ma ? KGyK. RVguQ yJ ge rFn Dnzhe shHhuL de xUyDo chPngxIn sXzDo le zLjK, nDme, tA biDn chFng le jIntiAn de zhWjuF, shEnghuP de zhWjuF.
5.3
� 87
� dL fAng
dL fang
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qI zi
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xiAng de
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5.5
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88
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� 91
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6.2.1
6.2
6.1
� 92
chu�ng
zh ch sh ng
6.1
� 93
6.2.2
chu�ng ch u a ng
qu� q s ê
zh n zh a n
x� x i
é e
léi i e i
y�u i o u
guI g u e i
hVn h u e n
y i
w u
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i u n ng
iou uei uen iu ui iou uei uen
� 94
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b p m f o
n l o
gan
b p m
f
d t
n l
j q x
g k h
zh ch sh r
z c s
6.3
� 95
b p m d tu
f g k h z c s zh ch sh r
u
j q x
n l
mua do lo Be pua xuo
Fo cuang shong gong sua zhei
zua zhua qe Sia me mo
bong jong jun xua ruo suai
ting jao jua hun shing rin
Kia gai Jai qie chu din
6.4
6.2
� 96
14 25.9 %
ta de le zhe bu ji li zhi shi dao ren you yi wo
33 24.7 % da di ni zi ge ke he ye yu wu zhu lai zai jia jie yao xiao jiu guo zuo shuo wei men chan jin jian xian quan gong xiang chong shang sheng
62 24.7 % ba bi pi mo fa fu na du ti qi qu xi si er she chu shu ru hai mei lao hao hou duo huo dui hui jiao xia xie xue zhao shou an kan han min mian dun tian nian guan xin qian yin yuan wen shen fang dang chang zheng cheng ming jing qing xing dong tong liang yang yong
y w
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6.3
� 97
6.5.1�
b p m f o d t n l g k h ej q x i zh ch sh r -i[�]; z c s -i[�] �
gW g u gE W
chu�ng uch�ng
6.5
� 98
6.5.2
xiàn x-iàn – xiàn
dài ( ) d–ài – dài
hàn h–àn – hàn
zì z – ì – zì
q-i-An qiAn
x-i-Co xiCo
h-u-� hu�
x-u-é xué
� 99
in ing iu ui un ün
1 l-ín ( ) 16 l-íng ( ) 31 n-ín ( )
2 n–íng ( ) 17 l-éng ( ) 32 n-éng ( )
3 z-Gn ( ) 18 zh-Gn ( ) 33 c-én ( )
4 ch-én ( ) 19 s-Gn ( ) 34 sh-Gn ( )
5 z-Gng ( ) 20 zh-Gng ( ) 35 c-éng ( )
6 ch-éng ( ) 21 s-Gng ( ) 36 sh-Eng ( )
7 z-Un ( ) 22 c-Un ( ) 37 s-Un ( )
8 zh-Wn ( ) 23 ch-Wn ( ) 38 sh-Wn ( )
9 z-Qng ( ) 24 c-Ong ( ) 39 s-Ong ( )
10 zh-Qng ( ) 25 ch-Qng ( ) 40 l-ún ( )
11 l-óng ( ) 26 n-óng ( ) 41 l-Y ( )
12 n-Y ( ) 27 l-èi ( ) 42 n-èi ( )
13 b-Ci ( ) 28 b-Gi ( ) 43 l-uó ( )
14 n-uó ( ) 29 h-uQ ( ) 44 g-uQ ( )
15 k-uò ( ) 30 h-G ( ) 45 g-G ( )
6.4
� 100
6.6.1
a o e
ku’ai tian’e di'an ji'ang
6.6
1 bDnzRu ( ) 7 jI’áng ( ) 13 qWyì ( )
2 zhXyL ( ) 8 y�nyuè ( ) 14 qiAnxU ( )
3 chFnjiX ( ) 9 wEiyán ( ) 15 dàng’àn ( )
4 tPudI ( ) 10 lùnwén ( ) 16 lùyíng ( )
5 zhHnfHn ( ) 11 chAo’é ( ) 17 nuRdD ( )
6 chUbX ( ) 12 sCoshH ( ) 18 cJshDn ( )
6.2
6.3
� 101
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y w
i i ydài y dàyì
y
i y i i y
i yi ian yan
in yin iong yong
ing ying ie ye
ia ya iou you
iao yao iang yang
u u wwánwù
w
u u w uu w
i yi ian yan
u wu uo wo
ua wa uei wei
uai wai uen wen
uan wan
� 102
ü ü yyunW y
yúnyW”y S
S S yS
i yi ian yan
ü yu ü yue
üan yuan ün yun
Sü ü n l
j q x j q x ü j q x u ü u n l
u ü ü ü
nZ’ér J�shì
LZyè XùqW
iou uei uen o e
i u o e
q – iOu qiU
t – uEi tuI
k – uEn kUn
iou uei uen yOu wEi
wGn
� 103
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rén pCo hé h�n yuèdú Fúróng qiCokèlì péngyou dìzhèn niánq�ngzhòngshì wCnhuì qi�nmíng shìw�i niWzhuCn chuánzh� dànshì túsh�guCn
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7.1.2
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8.2
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8.1.6
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8.1.7
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b p
a
m f
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� 203
b p
b� bá b bà p� pá p pà
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m
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m mm m m
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f
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b p m f
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� 206
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10.5
� 207
10.7.4 ang eng ing ong
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� 208
eng ing
an en in un ün
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“ng”
ng
� 209
n ng
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� 210
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� 211
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ang eng ing ong
10.6
� 212
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1.1.1
1.1
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t� � xi�n “ ” � ti� “ ” � “ ”
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1.1.3�
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1.2
1.1
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1.3.2
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u
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1.3.3
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1.4
� 14
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1.3
�
15
� 16
i zhi chi shi ri zi ci si
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� 18
a o epi’ao
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1.3
�
19
1.4.2
The International Phonetic Alphabet IPA
ai
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� 20
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21
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1.5
� 22
zhzh z
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23
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ba zhuang
2.1
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� 26
a o e ê i u ü -i � -i[�] er
2.1
2.1
� 27
2.1.1
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� 28
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� 29
2.2
� 30
2.1.2�
a o e i u ü ê
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er
a a
ba ma a
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le ke �
i
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u
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� 31
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z c s i zi cisi �
-i[ � ]
zh ch sh r izhi chi shi ri �
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erer
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2.2
� 32
m, n, ng, l, r
m nm n ng � m
ng
b p m f d t n l j q x g k h ng z c s zh ch sh r
p
p
2.2
Online Discussion Forum
2.3
� 33
2.2.1
sè
b
2.4
� 34
b p m
b
p
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f
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c
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ch
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� 35
j q x
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� 36
b p m
f
z c s
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� 37
b p d t g k
b p d t g k
f s sh r x h
f s sh r x h
j q z c
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s shf hx r
l
b p d t g k
m n ng
� 38
j q z c zh ch
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m n ng
l
l
m n ng r
b d g j zh z
p t k q ch c
b p
d t
g k
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zh ch
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� 39
b p d t g k
f h x sh r s
j q zh ch z c
m n ng
l
p t k q ch c
b d g j zh z
b p f d t g kh j q x zh chsh z c s
m n l ng r
2.3
� 40
2.2.2
b p w m
f n l
d t
z c s
zh ch sh r
j q x y
g k h
b p m
f
d t n l
� 41
z c s
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� 42
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y w i u y w
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� 45
ngd ding de dan zh
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3.1
� 46
22 21
b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
3.2
e-Forum(Online Discussion Forum)
3.1
� 47
3.2.1
21
b p w m
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b p d t g k
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j q zh ch z c
m n
l
p t k q ch c
b d g j zh z
b p f d t g k h jq x zh ch sh z c s
m n l r
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m n l r
b p m* f d t n* I* g k h
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3.1
� 50
ba b-a ba bo-a
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g k h + e ge ke he
j q x + I ji qi xi
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zh ch sh r + � zhi chi shi ri
3.3
� 51
i i yJ yBng
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S
3.4
3.2
� 52
z c s zh ch sh
3.5.1 z c s zh ch sh
zh ch sh z c s
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sh ongong s sh
3.5
� 53
z c s
c
c
3.5.2 n l
n ln l n l
n ln l
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n
3.2
� 54
l
n l
3.5.3 f h
f h fénghóng
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3.5.4�
3.3
� 55
3.5.5
aiou yi( ) w� y w
a o e ê ai ao
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yang yong wu wa wu wai
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a o e ê i u ü er 8 � � z c
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4.1
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pW tOng huD
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4.1
� 60
iang uai üan i u ü a ng i n
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uai U a i
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a o e ê i u uai uei ioua e ê o
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4.2
� 61
4.3.1
a o e ê i u ü -i[�] -i[ �]er[ ] � � er
ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo üe iao iou uao uei
4.3
� 62
ai ei ao ou 4
ia ie ua uo Se 5
� 63
iao iou uai uei 4
nng
n an en in ün ian üan uanuen
an en in ünn
� 64
ng ang eng ong ing iongiang uang ueng
ang eng ong ing iongng
iang uang uengang eng
4.3.2
4.1
4.2
� 65
i u ü i u üa o e ê ai ei ao ou an ang en eng ong
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u u u uauo uai uei uan uang uen ueng
S S ü üeüan ün
� 66
i u ü i u ü a o e ê er aneng
i
u
ü
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ün
a � ia ua
o uo
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er �
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ai ia iao
ei ie iou
ao ua uo uai
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n ngan Ian uan San
en In un/uen Sn
angeng
ianging
uang ueng ong
Iong
n ng
4.3
� 68
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4.3
� 69
4.4.1�
en eng in ingchFn chFng yIn
yIng
n ngn ng
n en in
ng eng ing
en eng in ingen in eng ing
d t n l en nHnd t n in nJn
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� d t n ing
dEng dGng dHng tFng nFng lGng
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4.4
� 70
en eng b p m f en uen
bGn bGn pFn mFn fEn wFn
bEn bHn pEn mHn fHn wHn
pEng mHng
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eng
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bHng pHng mHng fFng fHng
fEn fen
shEn shen
shEng shengi
zEng zeng ceng seng
jIn jin qin xin
jIn jin qin
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qing
4.4
� 71
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chOu
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5.1
5.1
� 75
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76
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V
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5.1
� 77
V
g�ng f�i ti�n� zh�
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78
shJ shI shJ shL shK shI shL shJ shL shL
5.2
5.2
� 79
hCo huDi hDo dRng pU xiD diDn pW
5.3
�
80
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� ai ei ao ou
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ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo üe iao iou uao uei
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ang eng ong ing iong iang uang ueng
5.3
� 81
i
hu�
hóóng
liWW
lZZ
xiAAng
yLLng
iu ui
a
a o e
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shi yan shi yan shi yan shi yan
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5.4
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82
5.4.1
gAogE -q ngch n -OuzhOu
fEi jI -cAnguAn -zhuAnchE
xIngqI -bEi ’ Ai -bIngshAn
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fenfang
huanhu
jiashu
kandeng
5.4
� 83
5.4.2
chuánqí hóngchá qiánchéng
chénzhuó rénmín jíshí
yóujú chángchéng yínháng
miaotiao
pailou
chunjie
aoxiang
5.4.3
mGimCn chCanzhCang yQngyuCn
biCoyCn lGngyKn dCshuK
wCnjKn shKguCn shuKguQ
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84
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shuiguo
meijiu
haogan
5.4.4
jìniàn hàohàn k�huà
lànmàn sùzào zuòzhàn
duànliàn diànshì hànzì
�
re’ai
duanlian
ruili
dizao
5.2
� 85
a.
DD dDmA dDmPdDyDng qJ dD mC, LCo lColao lCofUlCoqI gCn lCo yBng. LColao hE lDo, lDo luR lColao lAo lDo, JiXjiu jiD jiU, jiU fEi jiUjiu jiU jiU. MAma qJ mC, mC mDn mAma mD mC, NiUniu hOng niV, niV nLng niUniu nJng niV.
b. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MGi yL kE xiCocCo dOu shL yL zhQng mGi de gCnzhAo, dOu yXnyX zhe chUntiAn de xIwDng. Ài shL rFnshEng xInlBo de guQshJ, yOnglCn de rFn zhOngshEng nBndF pKnchBng. YInggAi qIngchu zLjK de quEdiCn, fQuzF, nBzhe yL shQu hCo pBi yG bVhuL dCyJng. DJsIgE wHishFnme shRudDo qIngniBn de xK’Di ? ShL bu shL tA fCnyLng le jIntiAn qIngniBn de jIngshFn zhuDngtDi, biCoxiDn le tAmen de jiAnmGi qIngchUnbEnfDng yXnlZ huPlL pInjLn ? MiDnduL zFrHn de shJhRu, gCnyV shuO “wQ”, zhH zhHng shL jIntiAn xUyDo de shJdDi jIngshFn. LiDnxJ le yJge wHntJ kGnFng yQu jK zhQng dB’Dn de sIwFi fAngshL, wQmen biDn cOngmJng le jK bHi.
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86
7.
8.
9.
10.
YJ gH quBnshEn quBnxIn gDn shLyH de rFn, wCngwCng huP de bX qIngsOng, wCngwCng zDi wV zhKjLng de fAzhCn shLyH de tPngshJ, yQngyuCn duL zLjK bX mcnyL, yQngyuCn duL xiAnzhuDng bX mCnyL,xiCng zuR de shL yQngyuCn chAoguo nFng zuR de shL. ChFnggOng de bCozhHng, jiXshL yLzhL de jiAndLng, duLyV yDo zQu de lX, yDo zhEngzhB dDo zuL hRu yJ bX. JiCrV zhE shL wEiyI de yQu xIwDng de yL tiBo lX, yjdLng yDo pRshK zLjK zQu xiaqu. YQushJhRu, kWnDn shL yL zhQng jIxX, yL zhQng bV duDn gGi rFn de shEngmLng yLzhL bWchOng yCngfHn de jIxX. ZUnchPng rFnlHi de kWnDn ba. RFn kGyK zDishEng ma ? KGyK. RVguQ yJ ge rFn Dnzhe shHhuL de xUyDo chPngxIn sXzDo le zLjK, nDme, tA biDn chFng le jIntiAn de zhWjuF, shEnghuP de zhWjuF.
5.3
� 87
� dL fAng
dL fang
� xiD chCng
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� qI zK
qI zi
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xiAng de
tiBn de
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5.5
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88
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6.2.1
6.2
6.1
� 92
chu�ng
zh ch sh ng
6.1
� 93
6.2.2
chu�ng ch u a ng
qu� q s ê
zh n zh a n
x� x i
é e
léi i e i
y�u i o u
guI g u e i
hVn h u e n
y i
w u
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i u n ng
iou uei uen iu ui iou uei uen
� 94
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S ê u e
-i[�] -i[ �] i
b p m f o
n l o
gan
b p m
f
d t
n l
j q x
g k h
zh ch sh r
z c s
6.3
� 95
b p m d tu
f g k h z c s zh ch sh r
u
j q x
n l
mua do lo Be pua xuo
Fo cuang shong gong sua zhei
zua zhua qe Sia me mo
bong jong jun xua ruo suai
ting jao jua hun shing rin
Kia gai Jai qie chu din
6.4
6.2
� 96
14 25.9 %
ta de le zhe bu ji li zhi shi dao ren you yi wo
33 24.7 % da di ni zi ge ke he ye yu wu zhu lai zai jia jie yao xiao jiu guo zuo shuo wei men chan jin jian xian quan gong xiang chong shang sheng
62 24.7 % ba bi pi mo fa fu na du ti qi qu xi si er she chu shu ru hai mei lao hao hou duo huo dui hui jiao xia xie xue zhao shou an kan han min mian dun tian nian guan xin qian yin yuan wen shen fang dang chang zheng cheng ming jing qing xing dong tong liang yang yong
y w
yw
6.3
� 97
6.5.1�
b p m f o d t n l g k h ej q x i zh ch sh r -i[�]; z c s -i[�] �
gW g u gE W
chu�ng uch�ng
6.5
� 98
6.5.2
xiàn x-iàn – xiàn
dài ( ) d–ài – dài
hàn h–àn – hàn
zì z – ì – zì
q-i-An qiAn
x-i-Co xiCo
h-u-� hu�
x-u-é xué
� 99
in ing iu ui un ün
1 l-ín ( ) 16 l-íng ( ) 31 n-ín ( )
2 n–íng ( ) 17 l-éng ( ) 32 n-éng ( )
3 z-Gn ( ) 18 zh-Gn ( ) 33 c-én ( )
4 ch-én ( ) 19 s-Gn ( ) 34 sh-Gn ( )
5 z-Gng ( ) 20 zh-Gng ( ) 35 c-éng ( )
6 ch-éng ( ) 21 s-Gng ( ) 36 sh-Eng ( )
7 z-Un ( ) 22 c-Un ( ) 37 s-Un ( )
8 zh-Wn ( ) 23 ch-Wn ( ) 38 sh-Wn ( )
9 z-Qng ( ) 24 c-Ong ( ) 39 s-Ong ( )
10 zh-Qng ( ) 25 ch-Qng ( ) 40 l-ún ( )
11 l-óng ( ) 26 n-óng ( ) 41 l-Y ( )
12 n-Y ( ) 27 l-èi ( ) 42 n-èi ( )
13 b-Ci ( ) 28 b-Gi ( ) 43 l-uó ( )
14 n-uó ( ) 29 h-uQ ( ) 44 g-uQ ( )
15 k-uò ( ) 30 h-G ( ) 45 g-G ( )
6.4
� 100
6.6.1
a o e
ku’ai tian’e di'an ji'ang
6.6
1 bDnzRu ( ) 7 jI’áng ( ) 13 qWyì ( )
2 zhXyL ( ) 8 y�nyuè ( ) 14 qiAnxU ( )
3 chFnjiX ( ) 9 wEiyán ( ) 15 dàng’àn ( )
4 tPudI ( ) 10 lùnwén ( ) 16 lùyíng ( )
5 zhHnfHn ( ) 11 chAo’é ( ) 17 nuRdD ( )
6 chUbX ( ) 12 sCoshH ( ) 18 cJshDn ( )
6.2
6.3
� 101
y w
y w
i i ydài y dàyì
y
i y i i y
i yi ian yan
in yin iong yong
ing ying ie ye
ia ya iou you
iao yao iang yang
u u wwánwù
w
u u w uu w
i yi ian yan
u wu uo wo
ua wa uei wei
uai wai uen wen
uan wan
� 102
ü ü yyunW y
yúnyW”y S
S S yS
i yi ian yan
ü yu ü yue
üan yuan ün yun
Sü ü n l
j q x j q x ü j q x u ü u n l
u ü ü ü
nZ’ér J�shì
LZyè XùqW
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7.1.2
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8.1.7
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y w yi wu yu
10.4
� 200
bá pá
b p
b p
y w
b
b “ ” b b
b
� 201
b b b b
6 b b b b b b
b
b a
bá
b—á�bá
b—C�bC
bá
bá bá bá bá bá
p
“ ” pp
p
p
� 202
b p b p b p
b p
p p p pp p p
p
p a
pá
pá � p �á pá
p—��p� p—á�pá p—à�pà
b p
a
m f
m f
“ ”
� 203
b p
b� bá b bà p� pá p pà
m
m
m m
m
�
m mm m m
m
� 204
f
ff f
fó fó fó, fó
(c) f
f f f f f
f f f f
b p m f
m f
� 205
b p m f
b b b p p p
m
f
b
p
� �
f� bà pí mù p� b� pà mC m� b� fó f�
mó pí b� mù mó
� 206
…… …… ……
bà ba m� ma � �
� w�
3
“ ”
b p m f
10.5
� 207
10.7.4 ang eng ing ong
ang eng ing ongang eng ing ong ying
yáng ang
dng eng
ying ing
zh�ng ong
ang eng ing ongtài yáng
ang eng ing ong ying
ang eng ing ong
� 208
eng ing
an en in un ün
an en in un ün
ang eng ing ong
ang eng ing ong
ang eng ing ong
ang eng ing ong ng g
“ng”
ng
� 209
n ng
ng ang a ng
ang ong
eng inge i ng
�
ng ng
ang eng ing ong ying
ying
yingying ing ying
ing ying
ying yingying
� 210
“ ”dng yáng zh�ng y�ng
dng yáng zh�ng y�ng
�
ang eng ing ong ying
�
ang eng ing ong
ying
ang eng ing ong ying
ang eng ing ong ying
� 211
ang eng ing ong
yáng dng ying zh�ng
�
�
�
�
�
�
1.6
ang eng ing ong
10.6
� 212
� 213
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http://www.xmuoec.com/gb/teacher/yuyin
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自测 1.1 参考模组 1.1.1
自测 1.2 1. 为什么语音会有社会属性?
语音与其他声音不同,它是语言的物质外壳,语音与语音的意义是紧密
联系的。这种联系是使用某个语言的社会成员全体约定俗成的并不是自
然生成的,更不是一个人所决定决定的。所以说语音会有社会属性。
2. 语音的社会属性表现在哪一方面?
语音的社会属性表现在语言是否起到区别意义的作用。
自测 1.3 1. 汉语拼音方案可分为几个部分?你能把它们一一说出吗?
分 5 个部分:字母表、声母表、韵母表、声调符号、隔音符号
2. 以 a、o、e 开头的音节连续在其他音节后面的时候,如果音节的界限产生混
淆,就要用隔音符号(’)隔开的例子。试为这三种情况各举两个例子。
皮袄 海鸥 天鹅
堤岸 莲藕 饥饿
自测 2.1 1. 试清楚列出元音的特点。
(a) 发音时气流在口腔、鼻腔中都不受任何阻碍。
(b) 发音器官保持均衡紧张。
(c) 声带颤动,声音响亮。
(d) 气流比辅音弱。
(e) 元音都是乐音。
答答案案
答案 215
2. 为什么说元音都是乐音?
元音的发音时,是气流冲击声带振动而发出声音,所以是音。
自测 2.2 1. 具体说明元音 o、u 的发音情况。
参阅模组
2. 说明舌尖前元音-i[ɿ]、舌尖后元音-i[ ʅ] 的发音情况。
参阅模组
自测 2.3 1. 举例说明什么是辅音的发音方法。
参阅模组
2. 根据发音方法,辅音可分成多少类?
辅音的发音方法可分为塞音、擦音、塞擦音、鼻音和边音 5 大类。
自测 3.1 1. 根据发音部位,声母可分成多少类?
按发音部位,声母可以分成 7 类:双唇音、唇齿音、舌尖前音、舌尖中
音、舌尖后音、舌面音、舌根音
2. 说说看,什么是清音?什么是浊音?
发辅音时声带振动的较响亮声音是浊音,声带不振动的、不响亮声音是清
音。
3. 送气音与不送气音的差异在哪里?
根据除阻后呼出气流的强弱,可以把塞音、塞擦音这两类 12 个声母分为
送气音和不送气音。
送气音是指除阻后有较强气流喷涌而出的音,p,t,k,q,c,ch
不送气音是指除阻后呼出气流较微弱的音 b,d,g,j,z,zh
答案 216
自测 3.2 1. 现代汉语的许多方言中,存在着“平翘不分”的现象。试举一个例字说明你如
何进行声母辨正。
参阅模组
自测 4.1 1. 说一说韵母和元音的区别。
参阅模组
2. 举例说明韵母这个概念
参阅模组
自测 4.2 1. 试举例说明前响复元音韵母、后响复元音韵母和中响复元音韵母这 3 类复韵母
是如何加以分类的。
由两个或两个以上的元音复合而成的韵母,有 13 个:
ai、ei、ao、ou、ia、ie、ua、uo、üe、iao、iou、uai、uei。
根据主要元音所处的位置,复韵母可分为前响复韵母,中响复韵母和后响
复韵母。
前响复韵母:ai、ei、ao、ou
中响复韵母:iao、iou、uai、uei
后响复韵母:ia、ie、ua、uo、üe
自测 4.3 1. 说一说哪些韵母在学习时会面对难题?
前鼻音和后鼻音容易发生混淆,如“音与英”混淆
ei 和 ie, iu 和 ui 时,要联系发音实际,多作比较,以免混淆。
2. 韵母辨正有哪些可行的方法?
参阅模组
答案 217
自测 5.1 1. 学习之前, 尝试说说你所了解的“声调”。
声调是一个字的字调,每个音节除声母、韵母以外,一定有一个声调贯
穿始终。声调的形成是音高的变化,发音时声带拉紧,发出的声调就
高,反之声调放松,发出的声调就低。
简单的说,声调就是一个音节高低升降曲直、长短的变化形式。
自测 5.2 试写出以下调类和调值:
汉字 调类 调值
鞭 阴平 55
炮 去声 51
响 上声 214
连 阳平 35
天 阴平 55
自测 5.3 声调是一个汉语音节里不可缺少的部分。这句话怎样理解?
普通话的音节结构主要包含三大部分:声母、韵母、声调。普通话音节结构的
模式如下:
声母 韵母 声调
每个音节都有一定的声调。
答案 218
自测 5.4 1. 试给下列词语标上正确的声调:
试验:shLyDn 实验:shJyDn 食盐:shJyBn 饰演:shLyCn
2. 试写出下列音节的词语:
jiAnduAn jiCnduCn jiCnduDn jiDnduDn (尖端) (简短) (剪断) (间断)
自测 6.1 举例说明音节的结构:
普通话的音节结构主要包含三大部分:声母、韵母、声调。详细的说明,请参
考课文 6.2。
自测 6.2
1 bDnzRu (伴奏) 7 jī’áng (激昂) 13 qWyì (曲艺) 2 zhXyL (注意) 8 yīnyuè (音乐) 14 qiānxū (谦虚) 3 chFnjiX (陈旧) 9 wēiyán (威严) 15 dàng’àn (档案) 4 tPudI (投递) 10 lùnwén (论文) 16 lùyíng (露营) 5 zhHnfHn (振奋) 11 chāo’é (超额) 17 nuRdD (诺大) 6 chUbX (初步) 12 sCoshH (扫射) 18 cJshDn (慈善)
自测 6.3 隔音符号用词举例:
tuan---tu'an 图案
jie---ji'e 饥饿
lianou---lian' ou 莲藕
shange---shang' e 上腭
fangai---fang' ai 妨碍
答案 219
自测 6.4
自测 7.1 1. 读准下列词语:
一致通过 yJzhL tOngguR 一本正经 yLbGnzhHngjIng
一般大小 yLbAn dDxiCo 一团和气 yLtuBn-hFqL
一言为定 yLyBn wFidLng 一头白发 yL tPu bBifD
一帆风顺 yLfAn-fEngshXn 一脸笑容 yL liCn xiDorPng
不知好歹 bX zhI hCodCi 不怕困难 bV pD kXnnBn
不信鬼神 bV xLn guK shFn 不愁吃穿 bX chPu chI chUan
不说假话 bX shuO jiChuD 不由自主 bXyPu-zLzhW
不安好心 bX ‘ An hCoxIn 不屈不挠 bXqU-bXnBo
答案 220
2. 写出下列词语的音节并标上实际的读音:
一早一晚 yLzCo-yLwCn 一五一十 yLwW-yIshJ
一丝一毫 yLsI-yLhBo 一点一滴 yLdiCn-yLdI
一心一意 yLxIn-yJyL 一一过问 yIyI-guRwHn
一一得一 yIyI-dFyI 一朝一夕 yzhAo-yLxI
不干不净 bXgAn-bVjLng 不痛不痒 bVtRng-bXyCng
不三不四 bVsAn-bVsL 不高不低 bXgAo-bXdI
不知不觉 bVzhI-bXjuF 不见不散 bVjiDn-bVsDn
不偏不倚 bXpiAn-bXyK 不死不活 bXsK-bXhuP
自测 7.2 举例说明下列上声词语的变调情况:
(i) 两个上声字连读
(ii) 三个上声字连读
(iii) 上声与轻声连读
(i) 两个上声字连读:
上+上——阳平+上声
美好 —— 35•214
(ii) 三个上声字连读
双单格
雨点小—35•35•214 也许有—35•35•214
单双格
买奶粉—211•35•214 小雨点—211•35•214
答案 221
(iii) 上声与轻声连读
上声+轻声(轻声本调是非上声)
喜欢(阴平)——211• (半上+轻声)
老实(阳平)——211• (半上+轻声)
脑袋(去声)——211• (半上+轻声)
上声+轻声(轻声本调是上声)
小姐(上声)——35• (阳平+轻声)
大理(上声)——35• (阳平+轻声)
想想(上声)——35• (阳平+轻声)
#例外:(这个项目不打分,只供参考)
上声+轻声(轻声本调是上声,但词义已虚化)
椅子(上声,子,词义虚化)——211• (半上+轻声)
傻子(上声,子,词义虚化)——211• (半上+轻声)
耳朵(上声,朵,词义虚化)——211• (半上+轻声)
姐姐(上声,后“姐”词义虚化)——211• (半上+轻声)
自测 7.3 1.语气词“啊”,用在句尾时,由于受前一个音节末尾音素的影响,常常发生音
变。试举例说明其中四个音变规律。
前一个音节的韵腹或韵尾 读法 例句
(i) a, o. e, ê, i, S ya 多美的花呀! (huA ya)
(ii) u, ao, iao wa 看你一身油哇! (yPu wa)
(iii) - n na 这件事可不简单哪! (dAn na)
(iv) - ng nga 开幕典礼真隆重啊! (zhRng nga)
(v) - i [ๅ ] za 他就是老四啊! (sL za)
(vi) - i [ ʅ ] ra 他是王小二啊! (Hr ra)
答案 222
2. 试写出下表中“啊”的实际读音
自测 8.1 轻声产生的原因:
(a)由于词语的双音节化
(b)与人的发音器官的生理结构相关。
(c)语言的要求。
轻声的作用:
(a)变读轻声后,有区分词性的作用
(b)变读轻声后,有区分词性的作用
(c)区别感情色彩:(褒义、中性、贬义)
词语 实际读音
例子:剪纸啊 ( ra )
1. 他怎么还不来啊? ( ra )
2. 这些都是你写的诗啊! ( ra )
3. 一共发表过多少次啊? ( ra )
4. 班上的学生可不少啊! ( ra )
5. 那幢楼什么时候竣工啊? ( ra )
6. 总共有几层啊? ( ra )
7. 希望你多多协助啊! ( ra )
8. 这学期你教什么克啊? ( ra )
9. 受训的日子过得真快啊! ( ra )
10. 这儿真好玩儿啊! ( ra )
答案 223
自测 8.2
词语 读原调不读轻声时的意义 读轻声时的意义
大意 主要内容 疏忽
地道 地下通道 真正的,纯粹的
地方 与中央相对的行动区分 某一个区域。空间
来往 来和去 交际往来
废物 失去使用价值的东西 骂人的话,无用的东西
东西 东边和西边 泛指各种抽象或具体的实物
造化 自然界的创造者,也指自然 运气;福气
姑娘 姑母;丈夫的姐妹 未婚的女子
女人 泛指成年的女性 指妻子
人家 住户;家庭 代词,指自己或别人
下场 演员或运动员退场 人的结局
自测 8.3 按“有规律的轻声分类”写出文中的轻声字:
晚上,秋平要睡觉了,还向妈妈要糖吃。
妈妈说:“睡觉前吃东西,会损害牙齿的。”秋平说:“是真的吗?我不信。”
妈妈拿来一碗醋,一个鸡蛋。她让秋平摸摸蛋壳,问道:“硬不硬?”秋平摸了
摸,说:“硬。”妈妈把鸡蛋泡在醋里,告诉秋平,过几天再看看有什么变化。
过了几天,妈妈从醋里捞出鸡蛋,让秋平摸。秋平一摸,喊了起来:“哎呀,蛋壳
变软了!”
妈妈说:“是醋里的醋酸使蛋壳变软的。要是睡觉前吃东西,又不刷牙,也会产生
一种酸,时间长了,就会损害牙齿。”
秋平说:“那牙齿要疼了吧?”
妈妈说:“是啊!所以一定要保护牙齿。要每天刷牙,饭后漱口,不吃太冷太热的
东西,也不要咬太硬的东西。”
秋平听了,说:“妈妈,您说得对,我一定照您的话去做。”
答案 224
1. 语气助词:真的吗、看看吧、疼了吧、是啊
2. 结构助词:说得对、太热的东西(太硬的东西、您的话)
3. 动态助词:睡觉了、摸了、过了、喊了、软了、长了、听了
4. 名词后缀:晚上
5. 方位词:醋里
6. 趋向动词:拿来、起来
7. 量词:一个
8. 名词重叠的后一个音节:妈妈
9. 动词重叠的后一个音节:摸摸、看看、
10. 后缀词:什么
11. 挟在某些词语中间的“一”和“不”:硬不硬
12. 无规律的轻声:东西
自测 8.4 1. 儿化韵的实际读音与原韵的读音有什么不同?
参考模组
2. 你知道它的变化可以归纳成几种类型吗?
参考模组
自测 9.1 1. 说明小学汉语拼音教学的目的。
参阅模组
2. 清楚、具体地说明汉语拼音教学的要求。
参阅模组
答案 225
自测 9.2 1. 列出 4 项在教学单韵母时不可忽略的事项。
(a) 重点教学 9 个鼻韵母
(b) 要把鼻韵母当一个整体来教
(c) 要辨别前后鼻韵母的发音
(d) 加强复鼻韵母的练习巩固
2. 具体说明如何帮助学生克服以下的学习困境;
(a) 分不清 I 和 S 的发音
(b) 分清 e 和 er 的发音
参阅模组
自测 9.3 列出 3 项在教学复韵母时不可忽略的事项,并简略说明其因由
参阅模组
自测 9.4 列出 4 项在教学鼻韵母时不可忽略的事项,并简略说明其因由。
参阅模组
自测 9.5 列出在声母教学里会产生混淆的声母,然后说明突破学习困境的方法。
参阅模组
自测 9.6 清楚说明声调教学应注意的其中两项事项。
(a) 认识调号,读准四声
(b) 采用多种练习方法,提高读调能力。
(c) 声调教学应由易到难循序渐进
答案 226
自测 10.1 试写下 3 种字音教学的方法。
由易到难,以旧带新
示范与模仿
图表演示、音形结合
自测 10.2 试列出 4 种练音的方法。
“合唱”与“独唱”相结合
以好带差
说读、说写相结合
声韵调单项练习和语流训练相结合
上课与下课相结合
自测 10.3 学生常把‘吃’(chi)错误念成(ci).我们应如何以‘理论指点法’ 帮助和指导
学生纠音?
教师可以从理论上稍加指点。针对对学生的错误根源,告诉学生这个音
的唇、齿、舌、气流、声带等情况,帮助学生明白自己错在哪儿,怎样
发出正确的音来。
“吃”是翘舌音,错读成平舌音。“吃”是舌尖后音,发音时舌尖指向
硬腭前端,阻挡气流,再排除阻塞让气流爆破冲出,即成音。告诉学生
只要把 ci 这个平舌音读成翘舌音,就是“吃”音了。
自测 10.4 说一说‘夸张法’的优点及应注意的事项。
参阅模组
自测 10.5 说一说‘对比法’的作用及应注意的事项。
参阅模组
答案 227
自测 10.6 上文提到的纠音方法有八种,请把它们列出。
参阅模组
自测 10.7 举例说明审音、辨音及纠音的含义。
参阅模组