HazMat Ch03

Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards

3

Objectives (1 of 5)

• Describe occupancies that may contain hazardous materials.

• Understand how to use senses to detect the presence of hazardous materials.

• Describe specific container shapes/types that may indicate hazardous materials.

3

Objectives (2 of 5)

• Describe shipping and storage tanks that could hold hazardous materials.

• Describe apparatuses that can transport hazardous materials.

• Identify product, owner, and emergency telephone number on a pipeline marker.

3

Objectives (3 of 5)

• Describe how to identify a placard, label, and marking.

• Describe the NFPA 704 hazard identification system.

• Describe how to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG).

3

Objectives (4 of 5)

• Describe how to use the Fire Fighter’s Handbook of Hazardous Materials.

• Describe material safety data sheets (MSDS) and shipping papers.

• Describe CHEMTREC and the National Response Center.

3

Objectives (5 of 5)

• Describe how to identify criminal or terrorist activity involving chemical, biological, or radiological agents.

• Describe how to identify an illicit laboratory, as well as explosive and secondary devices.

3

Scene Size-Up

• “Read” the scene.

• Truly understand what you see.

• Think before you act.

3

Recognizing a Hazardous Materials/WMD Incident

• Different from other types of emergencies– Moves more slowly– Chemicals or materials largely dictate actions – Responders must be conscious of the law

enforcement aspect of the incident

3

Occupancy and Location

• Indicate possible presence of hazardous material

• Materials at location may already be known

• Locate key safety personnel from facility

3

Senses

• Initially, stay distant from incident.

• Look.

• Listen.

• Do not “lead with your nose.”

3

Containers

• Vessels or receptacles that hold material

• Provide clues about the substance inside

3

Drums (1 of 2)

• Barrel-like nonbulk storage vessels

• Store a wide variety of substances

• 55-gallon capacity is common

• Cardboard, polyethylene, stainless steel, other materials

3

Drums (2 of 2)

The drum shown here is made of polyethylene.

3

Dewar Containers (1 of 2)

• Hold cold liquids

• Designed to preserve temperature of liquid

3

Dewar Containers (2 of 2)

A series of Dewar containers stored adjacent to a compressed gas cylinder.

3

Bulk Storage Containers

• Over 119 gallons (liquid)

• More than 882 pounds (bulk)

• Include:– Fixed tanks – Highway cargo tanks– Rail tank cars– Totes

3

Secondary Containment

• Helps contain spilled or released product

3

Large-Volume Horizontal Tanks

• Above-ground storage tanks (ASTs)

• Underground storage tanks (USTs)

• May contain millions of gallons

3

Totes (1 of 2)

• Intermediate bulk container (IBC )

• Capacity from 119 to 703 gallons

• Hazardous to ship and store

3

Totes (2 of 2)

A tote is a commonly encountered bulk storage vessel.

3

Intermodal Tanks (1 of 5)

• For both shipping and storage

• Hold between 5000 and 6000 gallons

• Pressurized or nonpressurized

• Can contain liquefied gases (cryogenic liquids)

3


IM-101 portable tank (IMO type 1 internationally).

3

IM-102 portable tank (IMO type 2 internationally).


3


Pressure intermodal tank (IMO type 5 internationally).

3

• Other types of IM tanks– Cryogenic intermodal tanks (IMO type 7

internationally)– Tube modules


3

Nonbulk Storage Vessels (1 of 6)

• Contain up to 119 gallons

• Include:– Drums– Bags– Compressed gas cylinders– Cryogenic containers

3

A bung wrench is used to operate the openings on the top of a closed-head drum.


3


An open-head drum has a lid that is fastened with a ring that is tightened with a clasp or a nut-and-bolt assembly.

3


A pesticide bag must be labeled with the appropriate information.

3


A carboy is used to transport and store corrosive chemicals.

3


A small cryogenic Dewar container.

3

Transporting Hazardous Materials

• Air, sea, and land

• Most common method is by roadway

• A cargo tank is:– Bulk packaging attached to/part of a vehicle– Separate from vehicle, but unloaded without

being removed from vehicle

3

MC-306/DOT 406 Flammable Liquid Tanker (1 of 2)

• Liquid food-grade products

• Gasoline

• Other flammable and combustible liquids

• 6000 to 10,000 gallons

• Nonpressurized

• Remote emergency shut-off valves

3

MC-306/DOT 406 Flammable Liquid Tanker (2 of 2)

The MC-306/DOT 406 flammable liquid tanker typically hauls flammable and combustible liquids.

3

MC-307/DOT 407 Chemical Hauler (1 of 2)

• Flammable liquids

• Mild corrosives

• Poisons

• 6000 to 7000 gallons

3

MC-307/DOT 407 Chemical Hauler (2 of 2)

The MC-307/DOT 407 chemical hauler carries flammable liquids, mild corrosives, and poisons.

3

MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker (1 of 2)

• Smaller diameter than MC-306/DOT 406 or MC-307/DOT 407

• Capacity of approximately 6000 gallons

• Carries corrosives, such as:– Concentrated sulfuric acid– Phosphoric acid– Sodium hydroxide

3

MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker (2 of 2)

The MC-312/DOT 412 corrosives tanker is commonly used to carry corrosives such as concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric

acid, and sodium hydroxide.

3

MC-331 Pressure Cargo Tanker (1 of 2)

• Carries materials such as ammonia, propane, Freon, and butane

• 1000 to 11,000 gallons

• Explosion threat exists– Spring-loaded relief valves unable to keep up

with rapidly building internal pressure

3

MC-331 Pressure Cargo Tanker (2 of 2)

The MC-331 pressure cargo tanker carries materials such as ammonia, propane, Freon, and butane.

3

MC-338 Cryogenic Tanker (1 of 2)

• Maintains low temperatures for cryogens

• Vents puffs of white vapor (normal)

• Explosion hazard with incorrect valve operation

3

MC-338 Cryogenic Tanker (2 of 2)

The MC-338 cryogenic tanker maintains the low temperatures required for the cryogens it carries.

3

Tube Trailer (1 of 2)

• Compressed gases, such as:– Hydrogen– Oxygen– Helium– Methane

3

Tube Trailer (2 of 2)

A tube trailer is made up of several individual cylinders banded together and affixed to a trailer.

3

Dry Bulk Cargo Tank (1 of 2)

• Powders

• Pellets

• Fertilizers

• Grain

3

Dry Bulk Cargo Tank (2 of 2)

A dry bulk cargo tank carries dry goods.

3

Railroad Transportation

• Relatively few hazardous materials incidents

• But can cause large-scale emergencies

• Get information on contents from conductor/engineer or from tank labels

3

Nonpressurized (General-Service) Rail Tank Car (1 of 2)

• General industrial chemicals– Corn syrup– Flammable and combustible liquids– Mild corrosives

• 4000 to 40,000 gallons

3

Nonpressurized (General-Service) Rail Tank Car (2 of 2)

A nonpressurized rail tank has visible valves and piping.

3

Pressurized Rail Tank Car (1 of 2)

• Carries pressurized industrial chemicals– Propane– Ammonia– Ethylene oxide – Chlorine

• Potential for high-pressure leaks

3

Pressurized Rail Tank Car (2 of 2)

Pressurized rail tank cars have top mounted fittings for loading and unloading.

3

Special-Use Rail Tank Car (1 of 2)

• Hazard will be unique to the particular railcar and its contents– Boxcar– Flat car– Cryogenic tank car– Corrosive tank car

3

Special-Use Rail Tank Car (2 of 2)

Special-use rail tank cars include boxcars, flat cars, cryogenic and corrosive tank cars. Tube cars are no longer in service.

3

Pipelines (1 of 2)

• Rarely involved in emergencies

• Pipeline emergencies are complicated, require specially trained responders

• Transport natural gas, gasoline, diesel fuel

• Pipeline right-of-way maintained by owners

3

A pipeline warning sign provides information about the pipe’s contents, the owner’s name, and contact information.

Pipelines (2 of 2)

3

Department of Transportation (DOT) Marking System (1 of 2)

• Required, depending on substance being transported and quantity:– Placards (10 ¾″ diamond-shaped)– Labels (4″ diamond-shaped)– Markings

3

Department of Transportation (DOT) Marking System (2 of 2)

The DOT uses labels, placards, and markings (such as these found in the ERG) to give responders a general idea of the hazard

inside a particular container or cargo tank.

3

NFPA 704 Marking System (1 of 2)

• Diamond-shaped (any size)

• Blue diamond = health hazard

• Red diamond = flammability

• Yellow diamond = reactivity

• White diamond = special information

3

NFPA 704 Marking System (2 of 2)

The NFPA 704 hazard identification system is designed for fixed-facility use. Each color used in the diamond represents a

particular property or characteristic.

3

Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS) (1 of 2)

• Helps employers comply with OSHA Hazard Communication Standard

• Voluntary labeling system

• Meant for employees at a facility– Gives necessary information to work safely

around chemicals

3

Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS) (2 of 2)

The HMIS uses a numerical hazard rating, colored horizontal columns, letters, and icons to describe the hazards posed by a

particular substance and provide guidance about choosing PPE.

3

Military Hazardous Materials/WMD Markings (1 of 3)

• Marking system of U.S. military

• Division 1: Mass detonation hazards

• Division 2: Explosion-with-fragment hazards

• Division 3: Mass fire hazards

• Division 4: Moderate fire hazards

3


A. Mass detonation hazards. B. Explosion-with-fragment hazards. C. Mass fire hazards. D. Moderate fire hazards.

3

A. B.

C. D.

• Pictograms identify specific PPE.

• Colors depict chemical hazards.– Red: Toxic agents – Yellow: Harassing agents – White: White phosphorous


3

Chemical References

• Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

• Fire Fighter’s Handbook of Hazardous Materials

3

Emergency Response Guidebook (1 of 3)

• Information on about 4000 chemicals

• Not for long-term action plans

• Inappropriate after first 15 minutes

3


• Organized into four colored sections– Yellow: Chemicals listed by UN/ID number– Blue: Chemicals listed alphabetically by name– Orange: Hazard class, fire/explosion hazards,

health hazards, basic emergency actions– Green: Initial isolation distances

3


3

The orange section of the ERG.

Fire Fighter’s Handbook of Hazardous Materials (1 of 2)

• Information on about 13,000 chemicals

• First responders are primary audience

3

Fire Fighter’s Handbook of Hazardous Materials (2 of 2)

3

Other Reference Sources (1 of 6)

• Material safety data sheets (MSDS)– Chemical makeup, potential hazards, first aid

in the event of exposure

• Shipping papers– Names, addresses of shipper and recipient– Quantity of chemical, weight of shipment

3


A bill of lading or freight bill: Shipping papers for road and highway transportation, located in the cab of the vehicle.

3


A waybill (pictured): Shipping papers for railroad transportation. A consist is a list of the contents of every car on the train.

3


A dangerous cargo manifest: Shipping papers on a marine vessel, kept in the custody of the captain or master.

3


An air bill: Shipping paper for air transport, kept in the cockpit.

3


• CHEMTREC (Chemical Transportation Emergency Center)

• CANUTEC (Canadian Transport Emergency Centre)

• SETIQ (Emergency Transportation System for the Chemical Industry, Mexico)

3

National Response Center (NRC)

• Notify the NRC of significant hazardous materials incidents.

• Operated by the U.S. Coast Guard

• NRC alerts the appropriate state/federal agencies.

• 1-800-424-8802

3

• Responders should be familiar with the locations of potential targets in their area.– Infrastructure targets– Symbolic targets– Civilian targets

Potential Terrorist Incidents (1 of 2)

3

Potential Terrorist Incidents (2 of 2)

• Chemical agents

• Biological agents

• Radiological agents

• Illicit laboratories

• Explosives

• Secondary devices

3

Chemical and Biological Agents

• Chemical agent clues may include– Rubber gloves, glass containers, residual

chemicals, odor, dead insects or foliage

• Biological agent clues may include– Lab equipment, reference manuals

• Personnel may show signs of exposure.

3

Radiological Agents (1 of 3)

• Clues may include– Stainless steel containers, detonators,

radiological protective suits, Geiger counters

• Personnel may exhibit exposure symptoms such as burns or difficulty breathing.

3


Radioactive shipment labels. A. White I label. B. Yellow II label. C. Yellow III label.

3

A. B. C.

Radioactive packaging. A. Type A package. B. Type B package. C. Type C package.


3

A. B. C.

Illicit Laboratories

• Clues may include– Terrorist training manuals, basement location

with multiple vents, obscured windows

• Drug laboratories are most common.– Use everyday items such as jars, bottles,

glass cookware, tubing

3

Explosives

• Clues may include– Protective equipment, production and

containment materials, explosive materials, reference materials

3

Secondary Devices

• Explosive or incendiary devices designed to harm responders at incident scene– As responders treat victims of the initial attack

• Clues may include– Timers, wires, switches, concealment

containers, backpacks, propane tanks

3

Summary (1 of 2)

• Interpret visual clues to mitigate incident

• Recognize container profiles and materials that may be stored inside each type.

• Name, understand, locate shipping papers

• Be familiar with all types of chemical transport vehicles.

3

Summary (2 of 2)

• Understand DOT, NFPA, HMIS, and military marking systems.

• Demonstrate proficiency using the ERG.

• Know how to get MSDS documentation.

• Become familiar with potential terrorist targets, specific hazards, and indicators.

3

HazMat Ch03

Career

Transcript of HazMat Ch03